二值噪声驱动下二阶线性系统的随机共振

研究了二值噪声驱动下二阶线性系统的随机共振问题. 采用平均法推导出系统输出幅值增益的表达式,考察了幅值增益与系统频率、输入信号频率、噪声强度和噪声相关时间的关系,发现系统输出幅值增益随这些参量呈单峰共振变化. 另外,二值噪声的非对称性对共振峰值具有很大影响. 关键词： 随机共振 幅值增益 二值噪声 二阶线性系统     

组织模拟液Intralipid-10%的 吸收系数和各向异性因子的测量

用加吸收体法测量了组织模拟液Intralipid-10%的吸收系数和各向异性因子。运用漫射理论研究了点光源在无限大介质中的各向异性散射,实验结果得到 μ_a/D 的多个测量值的标准偏差小于0.6%,测量值与拟合值的残差方均根值为0.1%。标准偏差和残差的值表明了测量值的准确度。     

He在O2气体中的输运系数的量子力学计算

基于物理力学理论，利用量子力学方法的ＩＯＳＡ近似计算了Ｈｅ在Ｏ２气体中的扩散系数和粘滞系数，计算值与实验值符合较好，比经典计算值更接近实验值。     

基于噪声追踪的二值时频掩蔽到浮值掩蔽的泛化算法

虽然浮值掩蔽比二值掩蔽有更好的语音分离效果,但是由于理想浮值掩蔽难以直接估计,现有的语音分离系统通常以理想二值掩蔽估计作为计算目标。我们提出了一个二值掩蔽到浮值掩蔽的泛化算法。由于实现浮值掩蔽估计的关键在于噪声能量追踪,我们首先采用指数分布刻画以混合谱和噪声能量以混合能量及二值掩蔽为观测的条件分布。其次,采用高斯马尔柯夫条件随机场刻画噪声估计在连续几帧内的关联。最后,采用马尔柯夫链-蒙特卡洛计算噪声能量最小均方误差估计并进一步计算浮值掩蔽。实验表明,相比于基于二值掩蔽估计的常规算法,我们所提出的算法在信噪比增益和客观感知质量两方面都有显著提高。      

误差与实验数据处理教学中的几个问题(上)

一、名词和概念1.误差:是指测量值与真实值之差1),即 误差=测量值-真实值.上式定义的误差反映的是测量值偏离真实值的大小和方向,因此又常称为绝对误差. 误差与真实值之比叫做相对误差.考虑到一般情况下测量值与真实值相差不会太大,故可用误差与测量值之比作为相对误差. 在实验     

冷冻干燥中升华过程界面的微CT观察及气固相变分析

采用微CT扫描成像、图像重构及灰度值分析技术对冷冻干燥中升华过程界面及气固相变进行实验观察与分析。采用高斯误差函数拟合,计算得到冰的平均灰度值为154。在后续灰度值比价分析中,固体物料苹果本身的灰度值高于冰的灰度值,从而可以分析冰晶的移动特性。从直接扫描图像和重构图像,均可看到升华界面的移动是一个立体的移动,由它所包裹的冻结区逐渐向物料几何中心收缩。对比冻结物料和冻干物料的灰度值曲线,可见刚开始灰度值较低的冰区,在冻干结束后变成灰度值相对较高的孔疏区。     

应用可见光光谱进行夏玉米氮营养诊断

传统的作物氮营养诊断需要大量的实验室分析和破坏性取样,时效性和便捷性不足。高光谱技术被逐渐应用到作物氮营养监测当中,但由于仪器昂贵并需要专业的软件进行处理,在一定程度上限制了这一技术的应用。文章通过田间试验研究了采用可见光光谱进行夏玉米氮营养诊断的可行性,并试图寻找适宜的表征作物氮营养的可见光光谱参数。研究结果表明,绿光值、蓝光值、红光标准化值、绿光标准化值和蓝光标准化值等多个图像参数均与夏玉米的植株全氮含量、叶片SPAD值有着显著的线性相关关系。在低施氮条件下, 叶脉硝酸盐浓度低于2 000 mg·L-1时,绿光值、蓝光值、绿光标准化值和蓝光标准化值与叶脉硝酸盐浓度有着显著的线性相关关系。而在高施氮条件下,叶脉硝酸盐浓度高于2 000 mg·L-1时,随着叶脉硝酸盐浓度的升高,图像参数呈平台反应,不再增加。综合比较来说,以绿光标准化值和蓝光标准化值为最好,与各常规的氮营养诊断指标的相关系数介于0.45～0.66之间。     

一种新的准确提取离散采样点光谱值的方法

在建立遥感信息反演模型中,是利用离散的采样点实测数据与相应的影像对应像元的光谱值建立关系,从而实现目标信息反演。准确提取光谱值是建立模型的关键,提取光谱值通常采用的方法是把目标点图层转化为感兴趣区ROI,然后保存ROI为ASCII。用ENVI软件依据原始坐标提取采样点光谱值,分析提取的坐标和光谱值发现,提取出的部分采样点的坐标和原始坐标不一致,即光谱值非本像元,以致基于此而建立的反演模型不能真实反映目标属性与光谱值的关系,即模型无意义。我们把像元均分为4个区域,总结规律发现只有采样点落在像元左上角区域时,提取的光谱值为本像元光谱值。在上述方法的基础上,深入研究其提取目标点坐标和光谱值的原理,并总结规律。介绍了实现提取采样点在遥感影像上对应像元光谱值的一种新方法,该方法首先是提取采样点所在像元的4个顶点坐标之一,通过对比原始坐标和提取坐标的经纬度差值判断采样点在像元中分布所属区域,采用对称原则进行调整采样点在像元中分布位置,最终使全部采样点均分布在所属像元的左上角区域,最后再次进行光谱值提取,经验证提取的光谱值准确无误。通过OLI,TM和ETM+影像验证,结果表明该方法能够有效准确提取离散点光谱值,同时原理清晰,操作简单可行,适用性较强,为遥感影像提取离散点光谱值提供了新思路。     

一种实现MSD加法的光学方法

三值光学计算机系统结合光强与光的偏振方向表示三值信息,其核心器件——三值逻辑光学处理器是按照降值设计理论完成的,该处理器能完成所有19683种二元三值逻辑运算.本文旨在提出一种实现加法运算的新方法——用三值逻辑光学处理器实现加法.为了解决加法的串行进位延时问题,使用改良符号数表示进行数据编码,从而实现全并行无进位加法.用三值光学计算机与改良符号数表示相结合的方法实现加法既能够充分发挥三值光学计算机位数巨大的优势以及三值逻辑光学处理器能完成所有二元三值逻辑运算的特性,同时又发挥了改良符号数加法的无进位特点.经实验证明该方法具有可行性和正确性,是实现光学加法器的一种新思路.     

复杂光照下QR码图像二值化算法研究及应用

在复杂光照条件下二维码扫码器采集到的图像容易出现整体高亮、阴影区域和局部高亮、阴影区域,使得图像分割阈值确定困难,研究了Sauvola算法中的窗口大小w值和修正因子k值对于QR码图像二值化的影响。针对全局二值化方法抗噪能力差和局部二值化方法处理速度慢的缺陷,提出了一种改进的QR码图像二值化方法,将Otsu和Sauvola算法相结合提升算法抗噪能力,并利用积分图算法提高算法运行效率。实验证明,该方法二值化效果优于经典的二值化方法,平均运行效率比原Sauvola算法提高17倍,提升了识别成功率。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.