光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗腔纵模特性研究

分析了光纤布拉格光栅构成的法布里-珀罗（F-P）腔的透射谱特性，讨论了光栅带宽，反射系数相位因子以及腔长对F-P腔透射特性的影响，并对F-P腔随温度和应变的特性进行了分析，然后给出如何设计在光栅中心耦合波长处单模运转的法布里-珀罗腔.并提供了数值模拟结果和实验结果. 关键词： 光纤布拉格光栅 法布里-珀罗（F-P）腔 光纤激光器     

双波长相移光纤光栅的光谱特性及传感应用

建立了双波长相移光纤光栅的理论模型,对双波长相移光纤光栅的透射谱特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明透射波长间隔会分别随相移量、折射率调制深度和光栅长度的变化而有规律地增减.借助光纤布拉格光栅的法布里-珀罗腔谐振相位条件计算了透射峰间隔的表达式,该表达式得到的透射峰间距曲线与数值仿真得到的曲线相符合,验证了数值仿真结果的正确性.最后,在光栅透射谱波长间隔变化规律的基础上提出一种传感方案,并对光栅的温度传感特性进行分析,理论推导得到灵敏度约为60pm/℃.     

基于光纤光栅的结构体裂缝三维应变传感

利用光纤光栅的反射谱设计了一种用于混凝土纵向裂缝三维应变传感信号的检测及分析处理的方法.利用ANSYS软件自底向上采用构造法构建混凝土三维断裂模型,分析径向均匀作用力下光纤光栅三轴的应力大小,由三维受力模型拟合光栅传感器的三轴应变函数,给出径向作用力下x和y偏振方向谐振波长与三轴应力间的关系,并且由传输矩阵法计算三轴应力作用下光栅反射谱的变化规律;理论分析和模拟计算光纤光栅传感光谱反射峰的分裂规律.结果表明:在均匀的20N作用力下,10cm长光栅x偏振方向的波长偏移量最大值为10.1nm,y偏振方向的波长偏移量最大值为12nm,此时光纤光栅的谐振峰产生明显分裂,形成两个谐振峰,随着载荷的不断增大,两个谐振峰不断地向两边分开,反射峰的分裂点从短波长向长波方向移动,分裂出来的两个谐振峰中短波谐振峰的反射率高于长波谐振峰,但短波谐振峰的带宽小于长波谐振峰带宽;当光栅长度增加至15cm时,在相同的作用力下,光栅两个反射峰的半高宽度均增加,但两个反射峰的间距几乎不变,灵敏度达0.14nm/N.本文研究可将单根光栅结构传感器的二维传感扩展到三维传感.     

双腔法布里-珀罗腔透射特性

基于单腔和双腔结构的法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔透射光强度公式,研究了单腔F-P结构的镜面反射率与腔长对透射谱线的影响;在总腔长相同时,模拟分析了单腔、对称及非对称双腔的透射光谱特性;分析了镜面反射率对非对称双腔F-P结构透射光谱的影响。结果表明:无论单腔还是双腔的F-P结构,镜面反射率增加导致输出峰的峰值半高宽(FWHM)减小;腔长度增加会导致输出谐振峰间距减小,而通过调节腔长比例系数和选择镜面反射率,总长度相同的双腔能在不减小主谐振峰透射率的同时增加谱线间距。最后,讨论了镜面反射率对输出谱线FWHM以及腔长微小形变对中心谐振峰的位置、FWHM和透射率的影响。     

光纤光栅法布里-珀罗腔的V-I传输矩阵法研究

快速有效地获得多级联光纤光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔的光谱特性,是优化设计基于上述结构建立的级联多波长激光器、放大器等各种光器件以及复杂分布式传感网络的重要基础和保障.将V-I传输矩阵法用于光纤光栅F-P腔反射光谱特性的分析,并建立了V-I传输矩阵模型.采用该模型对三种不同结构的光纤光栅F-P腔在不同参数下的光谱特性进行分析,并与传统多层膜法的分析结果相比较,表明V-I传输矩阵法能够在保证分析精度的前提下大大节省运算时间.实验结果表明,V-I传输矩阵法对光纤光栅F-P腔谱特性的分析结果比耦合模法更准确.     

光子晶体光纤中级联长周期光栅双谐振波长干涉的研究

通过分析单模光纤SMF中的LPG对的传输特性及几个因素对干涉透射谱的影响,并结合前期工作,主要研究光子晶体光纤(PCF)中的LPG对在1665 nm附近U波段传输特性.结合光栅耦合强度与波长的关系以及拍长与波长的关系,对PCF中LPG对的参数进行选择设计,得到双谐振波长的干涉谱,级联LPG对构成的MZI干涉光谱在两个谐振波长处由于耦合强度不同而不同.     

800nm高能量飞秒激光脉冲刻写长周期光纤光栅机理

基于800nm飞秒激光脉冲对标准单模光纤采用非载氢技术刻写长周期光纤光栅的机理进行了研究.搭建了水平、垂直双CCD视频监控的飞秒激光脉冲逐点刻蚀长周期光纤光栅系统,研究了光栅长度、激光脉冲能量和光栅占空比等参数对光栅光谱特性的影响.研究结果表明,当光栅周期长度不变,光栅周期数和激光脉冲能量的变化使光栅谐振峰强度发生变化,光栅透射谱是单峰的;光栅占空比的改变导致光栅谐振峰由单峰转变为多峰.在谐振波长1 540nm处,得带谐振峰强度达到15dB、带外损耗不足2dB,在3dB衰减处带宽为15nm的谐振透射谱.     

掺铒光纤动态光栅与光纤Bragg光栅Fabry-Perot腔特性研究

提出的一种由掺铒光纤动态光栅和光纤Bragg光栅构成的Fabry-Perot腔。通过建立二能级掺铒光纤动态光栅模型,根据半经典相互作用理论和传输矩阵理论,计算出掺铒光纤动态光栅以及该Fabry-Perot腔的透过率和反射率,并分析动态光栅中相干探测场拉比频率、掺铒光纤长度、光纤Bragg光栅的折射率调制深度以及FabryPerot腔的腔长等参数改变时对动态光栅和Fabry-Perot腔反射谱的影响。该Fabry-Perot腔的一个重要性质是其输出光谱可以通过调节探测场的拉比频率、探测场波长等参数进行动态调制。相比于由两个光纤Bragg光栅构成的Fabry-Perot腔,参数可调的系统比参数固定的系统更加灵活,并且能够克服Fabry-Perot腔两端的光纤Bragg光栅不对称的缺点(如不同的Bragg波长、折射率调制深度等),更有利于Fabry-Perot腔的模式选择。该光纤Fabry-Perot腔可以应用于光纤通信的光信号处理或光纤传感领域。     

光纤光栅传输矩阵研究

利用模耦合理论给出并分析了一般坐标系下相移布喇格光纤光栅中的传输矩阵及其特性,所给出的传输矩阵具有分段不变性,而且不能被分解为一个矩阵和一个相移矩阵的乘积.利用该传输矩阵可以研究均匀、相移、啁啾、超结构等光纤光栅及光栅的级联等.计算了相移光栅的反射谱和相移量的关系,以及两个光栅级联时的反射谱.结果表明,同样相移量时的反射谱和已有文献不同,两个光栅级联时,也不同于已有文献,各自的谐振波长与光栅的级联没有关系.     

高灵敏度光纤应变传感器

提出一种基于锥形光纤和光纤F-P腔组合结构的光纤应变传感器。该传感器包含单模光纤拉锥形成的锥区和石英毛细管构建的F-P腔2个应变敏感区域。理论分析了光波在该传感器中的传播过程,获得了该传感器的光强传输函数。由于锥形光纤中激发出的包层高阶模参与干涉,导致传感器干涉光谱具有调制特性。实验获得了该传感器的干涉光谱,通过分析谐振波长偏移或消光比变化对应变实现独立测量,在0~500 με的测量范围内,该传感器的应变灵敏度为14.6 pm/με。利用锥形光纤引发的模式干涉和F-P腔的双光束干涉效应共同作用形成受调制的干涉谱型进行应变传感,应变灵敏度高,同时具备2种独立的应变检测手段(谐振波长和消光比检测)。     

对光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗腔纵模间隔问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔的透射特性进行了深入分析,指出了FBG F-P腔透射谱中纵模位置的影响因素,讨论了与普通F-P腔的联系和区别.应用光栅的有效镜面模型对FBG反射主瓣内反射系数的相位因子进行线性模拟,定义了FBG有效长度的概念并得出其表达式.提出将FBG的有效长度纳入到FBG F-P腔的等效腔长中,用等效腔长来计算FBG F-P腔中的纵模间隔.数值仿真和实验结果都表明,用等效腔长计算所得的纵模间隔与实际的FBG F-P腔中的纵模间隔符合很好,误差极小. 关键词： 光纤布拉格光栅 法布里-珀罗腔 纵模间隔 有效镜面模型     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of the mode-spacing of fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity

The mode-spacing of the fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot （FBG F-P） cavity is calculated by using the effective cavity length which contains the effective length of the FBG. The expression of the effective length, defined by using the phase-time delay, is obtained and simplified as a function of the peak reflectivity at the Bragg wavelength, the band edges, and the first zero-reflectivity wavelength. The effective length is discussed from the energy penetration depth point of view. Three FBG F-P cavities are fabricated in order to validate the effective length approach. The experimental data fits well with the theoretical predictions. The limitation of this method is also pointed out and the improved approach is proposed.     

相位修正的耦合模理论用于计算光纤Bragg光栅法布里-珀罗腔透射谱

基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)反射复振幅相移对FBG法布里-珀罗腔透射谱的影响,分析了传统耦合模理论计算均匀FBG反射复振幅相移产生误差的原因.引入折射率分布初始相位参数描述FBG折射率分布纵向的微小偏移,用真实的反透射系数代替简明形式的反透射系数,对传统耦合模理论进行了修正,增加了与折射率分布初始相位参数有关而与波长无关的相位因子.在此基础上进一步对计算非均匀FBG的传输矩阵法的相位进行了修正.修正后的快速计算结果用于FBG法布里-珀罗腔透射谱的计算,可反映折射率分布初始相位参数对透射峰波长位置的影响,与Rouard 算法及实验值均有较好的一致性. 关键词： 光纤Bragg 光栅 法布里-珀罗腔 耦合模理论     

Spectrally scanned,repetitively pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser for spectral and temporal multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating sensors

An erbium-doped fiber laser that emits a series of spectrally scanned pulses is used to monitor an array of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The cavity for this Fabry-Perot laser is formed by two spectrally selective reflectors: a rotating mirror-grating combination for scanning the reflectance peak wavelength and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a periodic reflectance spectrum. During a scan of the rotating mirror, the laser produces a set of Q-switched pulses over the 1522-1568-nm spectral range at each of the FFPI reflectance peak wavelengths. This laser is used to simultaneously demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing of FBGs with reflectance peaks in different spectral regimes and time-division multiplexing of FBGs with overlapping spectra. The spectral location of the FBG peaks was determined to an accuracy of 1.4 pm.     

Coupled-mode analysis for linear fiber Bragg grating made of metamaterial

We derive the coupled-mode equations for a metamaterial fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The coupled-mode theory describing wave propagation in periodic structures such as FBG is generalized for studying the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves through a FBG containing metamaterial layers. This approach shows that the band gap becomes broader in comparison with a conventional FBG. It is observed that the central frequency of the band gap has a shift in regard of changing metamaterial thickness. We verify this investigation through attaining the transmission and reflection spectra of a conventional FBG while we are setting related parameters. Furthermore, this proposed structure can be applied as a tunable filter.     

Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser

A novel quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system based on Fourier domain mode locking (FDML) fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The low reflectivity FBGs with the same Bragg wavelength are connected cascaded in a long fiber working as the sensing elements of the sensor system as well as the wavelength and cavity length selecting elements of the FDML laser. By adjusting the driving frequency of the FDML fiber laser, lasing with different selected cavity lengths will be achieved correspondingly. When the wavelength of the working FBG shifts which includes the sensing information, FBG interrogation can be realized both in wavelength and time domain.     

Simulation of amplifying phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings by the method of single expression

An advanced method of single expression (MSE) is used for simulation of uniform and phase-shifted amplifying fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as potential narrowband transmission filters-amplifiers. In MSE the solution of Helmholtz's equation is represented in a special form of a single expression, which enables the exact solution of the corresponding boundary problem by means of numerical integration. Spectral dependences of amplifying uniform and π phase-shifted FBG are obtained. The electric field and power flow density distributions within and outside of amplifying FBGs permit to understand electrodynamically the process of amplification in modulated media. Amplification at transparency points of spectral dependences of uniform and π phase-shifted FBGs indicates essential gain accumulation against other parts of the spectrum. Amplification turns over uniform FBG from the stop-band filter to the narrow pass-band filter-amplifier with two sharp peaks at both edges of the stop-band region of corresponding FBG without gain. In amplifying π phase-shifted FBGs only one amplified narrow transmission peak appears at the center of the spectral dependences that is more acceptable for contemporary DWDM systems.     

F-P标准具温度特性对光纤光栅波长解调精度的影响

F-P标准具的特性易受温度影响,温度变化时,其透射峰会发生漂移,将其应用于光纤光栅波长解调时,温度波动会给波长解调精度带来影响。分析了F-P标准具的温度特性对光纤光栅波长解调精度的影响程度,并分别采用温度稳定性为1.5 GHz和3 GHz的F-P标准具进行了稳定性和重复性实验。实验结果表明:光纤光栅传感器的中心波长不同,由F-P标准具的温度特性产生的解调误差也不同;采用2种F-P标准具测得的稳定性误差最大值分别为0.528 pm和0.676 pm,重复性误差最大值分别为1.77 pm和2.01 pm。