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红外成像技术在空间探测、对地观测、安防监控等领域的应用越来越广,为了确保红外目标识别的准确性,必须掌握目标的辐射特性。目标辐射特性需要在外场实际条件下测量得到,需要利用大面积黑体辐射源对目标特性测量设备进行现场辐射参数校准。设计了一种大面积黑体辐射源,辐射体采用铝材质并发黑处理,大面积黑体辐射源温度控制采用PID控制算法。在外场实际环境温度为26.8 ℃,湿度为60%时对目标特性测量设备辐射参数进行了校准。试验数据表明:辐射温度测量不确定度为0.4 ℃(k=2),取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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实现雷达和红外融合跟踪的基本思路是:首先提取红外成像的目标质心并将其转换到惯性坐标系:然后用最小二乘规则对红外传感器的冗余角度数据进行压缩,以产生在时间上和雷达测量对准的伪角度测量:再通过加权平均的方法分别与雷达的方位角和俯仰角测量进行融合处理,以得到同步数据融合估计。采用了由拉格朗日算法所求得的约束极值作为权系数,使用扩展的卡尔曼滤波方法设计跟踪滤波器,将基于雷达和红外融合得到的数据用于更新滤波器的目标状态。 相似文献
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为了准确获取空间目标跟踪、视觉导航等领域中目标的三维姿态,进行了目标三维姿态单目视觉测量方法研究.提取图像目标的典型特征点构造出直角三角形,并通过其边长比例先验信息以及弱透视成像模型推导出目标三维姿态的单目解算算法.与传统测姿方法相比,该算法在相机焦距等内参量未知条件下依然可解算姿态,增大了测姿应用范围;与传统迭代测姿方法相比,避免了循环迭代求解过程,无需设置迭代初值,提高了解算效率.数值仿真试验结果表明目标在离相机1~3km成像时姿态测量误差低于1.5°;实际图像序列测量结果表明目标俯仰角和偏航角测量结果拟合残差小于1°,翻滚角拟合残差小于2°.实验验证了算法的正确性和稳定性,表明该算法在内参量未知条件下能有效测量中远距离成像目标三维姿态. 相似文献
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低信噪比条件下,单个主动或单个被动声呐节点难以实现目标跟踪。多节点声呐系统希望通过增加探测节点提高系统探测能力,但其性能提高与否取决于选择合适的数据融合算法。本文利用双节点声呐试验数据研究低信噪比条件下的目标跟踪方法,采用“结合置信度水平的表决融合”算法对多个探测节点得到的数据进行融合,既考虑了目标回波信号的信噪比特性,又考虑了目标运动的连续性特征,还考虑了各节点探测结果的决策优化,最终实现较高精度的目标跟踪。算法实现了数据级、特征级和决策级的统一、融合,通过对判决依据进行量化、分层,简化判决的复杂性。试验数据处理结果表明,该方法能较好地解决低信噪比条件下多节点声呐目标跟踪问题,目标跟踪精度较高。 相似文献
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介绍了烟幕的类型和使用方式,分析了喷射式彩色烟幕的遮蔽原理。根据三基色原理提出了采用RGB色彩模式测量评估彩色烟幕色度的方法。分析了目前普遍采用的衰减率数据矩阵插值法测量烟幕形成时间的方法以及该方法在使用中存在的误差因素,提出采用彩色烟幕RGB数据矩阵法测量评估彩色烟幕形成时间的新方法,该方法解决了由烟幕的形状及形成方式、目标的数量及布设方式等因素引起的系统误差,经分析该方法对喷射式烟幕形成时间的测量精度提高到90%以上,具有测量精度高、便于数据处理的优点,丰富了烟幕遮蔽效果测量的评估措施。 相似文献
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在多传感器无源声学定位问题中,不同传感器接收的来自同一目标的信号均对应于此目标位置,依据这一物理基础,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的无源声学定位方法,以有效融合多传感器数据,进而提高定位性能。该方法将粒子滤波中的似然函数定义为粒子状态所对应不同传感器信号之间互相关输出的乘积。该似然函数的设计确保所提方法可以充分获取多传感器的处理增益。此外,所提方法摆脱了传统定位范式,因此可以规避传统定位范式必须面对的测量-跟踪关联问题。湖上试验表明,在强多途干扰的条件下,传统定位方法的平均定位误差为7.2 m,而所提方法的平均定位误差为1.2 m,具有更好的性能。 相似文献
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高浓度水雾条件下的表面高温温场反演测量在航空航天、冶金铸造等工业领域有着重要的应用。由于水雾的弥散作用,高温表面的辐射透过水雾后,会出现强烈的衰减和散射,导致传统辐射测温方法出现很大误差。现有水雾弥散条件下的温场反演测量主要包括基于试验数据反推及实时测量水雾参数进行修正的测量方法,并基于辐射传输理论对测量结果进行误差分析和评估,测量方式多为单通道或双通道点辐射测温。基于水雾场红外光谱辐射特性的计算,提出了一种水雾强弥散条件下表面高温温场多光谱成像反演方法;根据辐射传输理论,考虑强弥散条件下的邻近效应,建立了相应的反演模型。在水雾场相关参数未知的情况下,通过三个透过水雾场后的高温目标长波红外光谱辐射图像,反演得到表面高温温场的真温分布。反演第一步是辐射温度场反演,即通过长波红外辐射图像,根据定标曲线和高温目标的光谱发射率先验数据,得到高温目标透过弥散水雾场经过发射率校正的辐射温度场;反演的第二步是根据三通道非线性反演模型,得到目标的真温温场分布。设计了一个长波红外三光谱通道反演测量装置,中心波长分别是8.8, 10.7和12.0 μm,对高温目标进行三个长波红外光谱通道的同时探测成像。设计了一套验证测试装置,利用标准高温黑体源和水雾弥散设备,进行了高温目标水雾弥散条件下的辐射图像采集和目标温度的反演试验。试验结果表明8~14 μm长波红外波段比短波波段对水雾弥散具有更强的抗干扰能力,在1 100和1 200 ℃典型温度点反演的平均误差在7%左右,大大减小了未经校正的辐射传输失真,适用于黑体和灰体高温目标,且无需水雾场的浓度和粒径分布等先验信息,基于多光谱成像信息的水雾弥散条件下温场反演方法具有一定的普适性和创新性。 相似文献
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A laser collimator is necessary for testing and verification of the pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) performance of inter-satellite laser communication terminals on the ground. The laser collimator must have a large clear aperture to fit the PAT performance testing system. The PAT subsystem has a large field of view for the acquisition and a high angular accuracy for the fine tracking. To resolve the conflict between large field of view and fine angular resolution, a large-aperture double-focus laser collimator is proposed and its optical design and mechanical structure are described. The collimator mainly consists of a primary lens, a reflector, a beam-splitting plate, a secondary lens, two compensating lenses, two imaging sensors and a laser. The primary lens directly forms the long focal length arm of the collimator. The combination of the primary lens and the secondary lens form the short focal length arm of the collimator. The collimator has an angular resolution <0.75 μrad and a 10 mrad field of view. For the collimator, the incident beam is focused on the two imaging sensors by its two arms, and the beam emitted from the laser is collimated and transmitted. The collimator is combined with an optical scanner and a fine beam deflector to test and verify the PAT performance of the inter-satellite laser communication terminal in a full physical manner. 相似文献
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Xiao-rui Wang Jian-qi Zhang Zhuo-xiang Feng Fang-ming Hu 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2004,25(11):1645-1656
The TOD (triangle orientation discrimination threshold) metric, as a promising sensor performance measure, is suitable for all types of thermal imaging systems and corresponds to the field performance very well. Since this method was proposed, a great progress has been made in some aspects, such as experimental validation, field performance, and TOD sensor performance model. However, what is still missing is a TOD curve prediction model similar to MRTD (minimum resolvable temperature difference) equation. Here, an equation-based TOD performance model was first developed focusing on staring thermal imagers. Specifically, spatial distribution of the triangle standard test pattern is described quantitatively. Resolution transfer characteristic of the staring infrared imagers is modeled with linear system theory, and system noise is characterized with the introduction of three-dimensional noise model. The modulation effect of overall subsystem of staring thermal imager on the non-periodic triangle standard pattern is analyzed. The matched filter idea is adopted to characterize quantitatively the spatial integration of the eye to signal and various noise components over the triangle pattern area, and the perceived signal-to-noise ratio of the staring thermal imager is derived. Then, the TOD performance theoretical model is established. Comparing with experimental results, this theoretical model gives reasonable prediction of the TOD performance curve of staring thermal imagers. Although more tests and modifications are required, these preliminary results suggest that this model can be developed into a model that predicts the TOD for all kinds of sensors. 相似文献
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The optical windows used in aircrafts protect their imaging sensors from environmental effects.Considering the imaging performance,flat surfaces are traditionally used in the design of optical windows.For aircrafts operating at high speeds,the optical windows should be relatively aerodynamic,but a flat optical window may introduce unacceptably high drag to the airframes.The linear scanning infrared sensors used in aircrafts with,respectively,a flat window,a spherical window and a toric window in front of the aircraft sensors are designed and compared.Simulation results show that the optical design using a toric surface has the integrated advantages of field of regard,aerodynamic drag,narcissus effect,and imaging performance,so the optical window with a toric surface is demonstrated to be suited for this application. 相似文献
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动载体光电成像系统视轴稳定精度研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
载体扰动会对光电成像系统的性能产生影响.分析载体扰动的特点及产生的原因,主要分析载体角运动对光电成像系统性能的影响.在此基础上从空间分辨率、人眼观察性能以及跟踪精度3个方面分析光电成像系统对视轴稳定精度的要求,指出对于探测器限制的光电成像系统,应将积分时间内载体的角扰动控制在探测器限制的空间分辨率内,或将像移控制在一个探测单元尺寸内,对于衍射限制的光电成像系统,应将积分时间内载体的角扰动控制在衍射限制的空间分辨率内,得出了视轴稳定精度必须在满足成像系统空间分辨率的基础上,根据实际功能需求进行确定的结论.最后通过实例验证了上述结果. 相似文献
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A robust and reliable gas sensing device is considered as a convenient and practical solution for gas concentration monitoring that has become a mandatory requirement in different field of applications. For in situ hazardous gases detection, a mixed-potential type gas sensor has been regarded as a promising solid-state gas sensor. For the past three decades, there has been a significant progress in achieving high performance in mixed-potential type sensors. Therefore, this review is focused on reporting the development of mixed-potential type gas sensors with combined yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the base solid electrolyte material and various classes of electrode materials for their potential utilization as a high-performance sensing electrode. The underlying sensing mechanism of a mixed-potential type YSZ-based sensor is elaborated here in detail. Transformation in design and configuration of this type of sensor is also covered in this report. In addition, recent progresses on mixed-potential type gas sensors development for detection of several target gases, such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen, and ammonia, are reviewed. Strategies to improve the sensing characteristic, particularly gas sensitivity and selectivity, are also reported. Based on the understanding of the fundamental sensing mechanism and the requirements for high-performance gas sensors, challenges and future trends for this type of gas sensor development are discussed. 相似文献
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在现代信息化战争中,光电侦察与跟瞄装备的研制试验和使用维护都离不开其测试技术的保障。从4方面简述了国内外光电侦察与跟瞄装备测试技术的发展现状,目前,可见光及微光成像性能参数已实现数字化的综合测量,其中,像面均匀性和畸变检校的测量不确定度分别达到1%和0.2%,最小可分辨温差(MRTD)等红外热成像系统性能参数已出现客观的评测方法,最大测程等激光测距系统性能参数的测量允许误差极限达到1%以内,多光轴一致性的检校测量不确定度达到2。未来,我国在该领域的研究热点将集中在发展各种现场快速精准的检校手段,以及继续提升红外、紫外、微光和白光成像测试技术等方面,并建立和完善其相应的测试标准和保障系统。 相似文献
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为提高搭载于运动平台之光电跟踪系统控制回路的设计效率,以运动平台角扰动、目标运动特征以及系统跟踪误差指标为边界条件,基于系统建模和参数辨识,提出一种控制回路一体化设计方法,给出各环路控制器的解析表达及一组经验公式,并以某半实物仿真系统进行验证。在等效正弦125sin(0.4t) (mrad)角扰动环境下,对正弦输入200sin(t)/3 (mrad)的跟踪误差峰值不大于0.5 mrad,满足均方误差小于0.5 mrad的指标要求,表明该控制回路一体化设计方法的有效性。 相似文献
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基于改进巴氏指标和模型更新的视觉跟踪算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的Mean Shift算法采用巴氏系数度量模型与候选模型之间的统计特征相似性,但是由于背景特征的影响,有时应用巴氏指标进行匹配得到最优解的位置并不一定是目标的实际位置,在跟踪过程中可能导致目标定位出现偏差。该文提出一种改进的巴氏系数相似度指标,指标由于引入了前景/背景置信值,能够有效抑制待匹配区域中背景特征的影响,突出目标特征的权重,与原始的巴氏指标相比,明显提高了目标匹配的准确性。基于改进的巴氏指标,对目标与背景区域双模型相似度系数进行综合分析,合理地判断干扰目标匹配的原因,从而采取相应的模型更新策略。采用4段具有挑战性的视频序列对5种跟踪算法进行了测试,通过定量实验分析可知,文中算法处理1帧视频所需的平均时间为75.76 ms,实时性仅次于原始的Mean Shift跟踪算法,同时跟踪误差在5种跟踪算法中取得了最优结果。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效抑制背景干扰和避免模型漂移,在不同的复杂场景下都具有一定的鲁棒性。 相似文献