超声辅助法提取刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的工艺

采用超声辅助法提取刘寄奴中的黄酮类化合物,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了超声辅助法提取条件(超声波功率、乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间)对刘寄奴黄酮类化合物提取率的影响。结果表明,刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率200W、乙醇体积分数80%、提取温度40℃、提取时间45min,在此工艺条件下刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的提取率可达63.27mg/g。     

超声波在棉织物退煮漂一浴法中的应用

利用超声波技术对棉织物进行退煮漂,采用正交试验法研究了超声波退煮漂一浴法的工艺,最佳的工艺条件为：超声波功率50W,超声波退煮漂一浴时间30min,温度70℃,表面活性剂（DLEO9）浓度6g/L,NaOH浓度20g/L。在此条件下,棉织物的退浆率、毛细管效应能达到常规一浴退煮漂较长时间（60min）和高温（90℃）的效果,且织物的强力损失小。超声波的使用能显著地缩短退煮漂时间和降低退煮漂温度。     

微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖工艺

利用微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖物质,采用正交试验法考察料液比、浸提温度、微波和超声波功率以及时间等对枸杞中多糖物质提取效率的影响,得到最佳提取工艺:料液比为1∶10(g/mL),微波提取温度为100℃,微波功率为300W,提取时间6min,超声处理时间20min,超声功率80W,温度为70℃.     

超声波法提取石榴皮多酚的最佳工艺

以石榴皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对石榴皮多酚的提取工艺进行了研究.通过对提取溶剂的筛选,确定乙醇为提取溶剂,考察液固比、超声处理功率、超声处理温度和处理时间等因素对石榴皮多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率为180W,提取温度为70℃,液固比为15∶1(mg/mL),提取时间为40min,在此条件下石榴皮多酚得率为12.71％.     

均匀设计法优化超声波辅助提取枸杞多糖的工艺

实验采用超声波辅助技术提取枸杞多糖,并通过均匀设计法研究了液料比、提取时间、提取温度和超声功率对枸杞多糖提取的影响.枸杞多糖超声提取的最佳工艺为:液料比21mL/g,提取时间27min,提取温度63℃,超声功率200W,在该条件下枸杞多糖得率为5.16％,且表现稳定.均匀设计法在优化枸杞多糖提取条件中应用效果良好.     

超声波辅助提取枸杞中的色素

研究了利用超声波辅助提取枸杞色素的实验条件.由L9(34)正交试验确定了影响提取效果最主要的因素是料液比,并得出枸杞色素提取的最佳工艺:超声波功率为80W,提取溶剂为石油醚,提取时间25min,提取温度40℃,料液比为1∶6(g/mL),枸杞色素的提取率为97.68％.     

微波萃取-分光光度法研究关黄柏中小檗碱的提取

微波萃取是利用微波能来提高萃取率的-种新技术,用正交法优化微波萃取条件,与传统的酸碱法浸提小檗碱进行了对比研究,确定了微波萃取技术用于中药关黄柏中提取小檗碱的工艺条件.结果表明,使用微波萃取的优化条件为:80℃萃取温度,固液比为1:15,时间1.5min,传统溶剂法:萃取温度70℃,固液比为1:20,时间24h,与稀硫酸浸泡提取法相比,微波萃取工艺提取时间大大缩短,产量可提高30%,工艺操作简便、省时、节能,易于控制.     

超声波-微波协同萃取南五味子木脂素及五味子酯甲的制备

考察了超声波-微波协同萃取南五味子木脂素的工艺条件.采用L9(34)的正交实验考查了萃取剂浓度,萃取时间,微波功率,液固比的影响效果.实验结果表明,优化的提取条件是:萃取剂乙醇浓度为90％,萃取时间为10min,微波功率为70W,液固比为15∶1(mL/g)(超声波功率内置为50W).优化条件下木脂素得率为5.86％.将提取物利用高效液相制备色谱分离纯化,得到了五味子酯甲,产品纯度为98％,得率为0.16％.     

超声辅助法提取白筋茎皮总黄酮的工艺研究

采用超声辅助法提取白霸茎皮中总黄酮化合物,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了超声提取条件（超声功率,乙醇浓度,料液比,时间）对其中总黄酮提取的影响。白筋茎皮总黄酮最佳提取工艺为：料液比1：30．乙醇浓度70％,超声功率120W,提取时间25min。在此工艺条件下提取,总黄酮含量为53．0843mg／g。     

超声萃取-酶标仪-微量法测定污染土壤中的总石油烃

石油的开采、运输、泄漏及石油产品使用量的不断增加,导致了严重的土壤石油污染,改变了土壤的理化性质,引起土壤中的微生物大量死亡,影响植物的正常生长,并能通过皮肤、呼吸、饮食等方式进入人体,危害健康。因此,土壤石油污染的修复刻不容缓,但修复效果的评价离不开土壤中残留石油的提取和检测,建立快速高效的石油提取和分析测定方法是非常重要的。该研究讨论了检测波长、提取剂种类、提取剂用量以及超声萃取次数、萃取时间、超声萃取功率等影响污染土壤中总石油烃提取的参数和变量,最终建立了一种超声萃取-酶标仪-微量法提取检测污染土壤中总石油烃的方法。确定优化的提取和检测条件为：紫外检测波长为304 nm,用石油醚作提取剂,土液比为1∶4,超声萃取2次,每次萃取时间为20 min,超声萃取功率为100 W。该优化条件下,土壤石油添加回收率是88.4%～101.6%,相对标准偏差均小于4.7%,提取测定结果符合环境分析化学检测要求。利用酶标仪代替紫外分光光度计进行检测,能更方便快速的得出结果,且测定溶液用量少,可以更好地推广应用于微量石油污染环境样品的定量检测。此外,该方法用石油醚和乙醇作为提取和定容试剂,克服了采用二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等有机试剂提取而造成溶剂消耗量大、易产生二次污染、不利于环境友好发展等缺点,是一种快速、高效、绿色的提取和测定污染土壤中总石油烃的方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定青蒿不同生长环境对青蒿素含量的影响

采集了15种不同产地青蒿,通过紫外分光光度法对比研究了它们的青蒿素含量.南方蒿中青蒿素含量要高于北方蒿,青蒿中青篙素含量要比灰蒿、铁杆蒿、大杆蒿、小白蒿中青蒿素含量高,不带籽青蒿中青蒿素含量比带籽的含量高,南方种子在北方种植后青蒿素含量较原来低,但高于北方野生青蒿青蒿素含量.通过对青蒿资源的勘察和对比分析,为青蒿素科学...     

黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的紫外分光光度法测定

建立了黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的紫外分光光度法测定。并对该方法提取溶剂的选择、黄花蒿提取物与NaOH反应情况及最佳青蒿素碱转化条件进行了讨论。以正己烷或石油醚等非极性类溶剂作提取剂,对青蒿素的提取率较高,提取物中杂质含量较低;提取物中非青蒿素成分与NaOH反应能快速完成,且一般不引起292nm附近吸收值的变化,因此不干扰青蒿素含量的测定;青蒿素碱转化反应可选择在25℃下与0.3%的NaOH作用30min,或50℃下与0.2%的NaOH作用20min。方法的相对标准偏差RSD=1.84%,相关系数r=0.9995,回收率为98%—102%。     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from green tiger (Penaeus semisulcatus) shrimp shell

This study was aimed at optimizing the astaxanthin extraction efficiency from shrimp shell (green tiger, Penaeus semisulcatus). Astaxanthin was extracted using selected nonpolar/polar solvents (petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol, acetone) individually and in ternary mixtures of petroleum ether, acetone, and water in ratios of 15:50:35, 50:45:5, and 15:75:10 for different times (2,4 and 6 h). The results showed that solvents with higher polarity were more suitable for the extraction of astaxanthin, and increasing the extraction time from 2 to 6 h improved the extraction yield. The conditions of extraction of astaxanthin with the desirable solvent were then optimized with the ultrasonic method using the Box-Behnken design [variables included: extraction temperature (25 to 45 °C), extraction time (5 to 15 min), and ultrasound amplitude (20 to 100%)]. Optimal extraction conditions were determined as the ultrasonic amplitude of 23.6%, extraction time of 13.9 min, and extraction temperature of 26.3 °C. Under this optimum condition, the amount of astaxanthin, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and free radical scavenging capacity of the extract were obtained as 51.5%, 1705 μmol of Fe²⁺/g, and 73.9%, respectively. Extraction and analysis of the extract at the optimum point were used to validate the results.     

广藿香挥发油提取工艺的优化选择

采用正交试验探讨了不同提取温度、提取剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对广藿香中挥发油提取率的影响,最终确定了广藿香挥发油的最佳提取工艺,即采用5倍量的石油醚在40℃下浸提4次,提取时间为24h.     

拉曼光谱定性和定量检测青蒿素研究

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的含有过氧基团的倍半萜内酯药物,具有良好的抗疟特性,是治疗疟疾的特效药。运用激光拉曼光谱分析了100～3 500 cm-1光谱范围内青蒿素的声子振动特性。指出位于724 cm-1的拉曼峰为与青蒿素中过氧基团直接相关的一个特性声子振动模式,可用于检测过氧桥键的存在。位于1 734 cm-1的拉曼峰为与青蒿素中内酯基团直接相关的一个特性声子振动模式,可用于进一步检测分析青蒿素。由于这两个特征拉曼峰对应于青蒿素分子中特征化学键的振动,而且在实验上较容易观察分析,因而它们可以很好的用于拉曼光谱法快速初步定性检测青蒿素。同时,通过分析比较不同纯度青蒿素样品中724和1 734 cm-1处特征拉曼峰的平均散射信号强度比,拉曼光谱法可以用于定量检测青蒿素样品的纯度。与常用的高效液相色谱法相比,拉曼光谱法更快速方便,检测精度更高,而且可以检测青蒿素样品纯度的均匀性。拉曼光谱法定性和定量检测青蒿素纯度的功能对分析检测中药青蒿的品质也有重要意义。     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil

The effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was evaluated using a variety of solvents. Petroleum ether was the most effective for oil extraction, followed by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, and isopropanol. Several variables, such as ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the ratio of solvent volume and seed weight (S/S ratio) were studied for optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). The highest oil yield, 25.11% (w/w), was obtained using petroleum ether under optimal conditions for ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and S/S ratio at 140 W, 40 °C, 36 min, and 10 ml/g, respectively. The PSO yield extracted by UAE was significantly higher than by using Soxhlet extraction (SE; 20.50%) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE; 15.72%). The fatty acid compositions were significantly different among the PSO extracted by Soxhlet extraction, SFE, and UAE, with punicic acid (>65%) being the most dominant using UAE.     

Ultrasonic extraction of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds

The ultrasonic extraction (UE) of oil from the seeds of a semi-oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant strain by using n-hexane and petroleum ether was studied at different temperatures and seeds-to-solvent ratios. The oil yield depended on the seed comminution, the extraction temperature, the seeds-to-solvent ratio and the type of solvent. The oil yield was much higher if the seeds were ground before extraction. The oil yield increased with increasing the extraction temperature and with decreasing the seeds-to-solvent ratio. n-Hexane was somewhat more efficient in the oil extraction than petroleum ether. In recovering the tobacco seed oil (TSO), the UE was less efficient than the Soxhlet extraction. The advantage of the UE was a relatively high oil yield at 25 degrees C in a shorter time. The kinetics of UE of TSO was described using the model of unsteady diffusion through plant material.     

水蒸汽蒸馏法及顶空-固相微萃取法提取青蒿花挥发性成分比较分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(HD)及顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取青蒿花的挥发性成分,GC-MS法分析其化学组成.已鉴定化合物占挥发性成分的95.01%(HD)和89.55%(HS-SPME).其中1.8-桉叶素(21.32%,20.96%),樟脑(24.34%,19.18%),莰烯(3.04%,5.26%),侧柏烯(3...