Convertible two-dimensional-three-dimensional display using an LED array based on modified integral imaging

We propose a two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) convertible display technique using a light-emitting diode (LED) array based on the principle of modified integral imaging. This system can be electrically converted between 3D and 2D modes by using different combinations of LEDs in the LED array without any mechanical movement. The LED array, which is controlled electrically, is used for backlight, and a lens array is used for making a point light source array with higher density. We explain the principle of operation and present experimental results.     

Crosstalk elimination in multi-view autostereoscopic display based on polarized lenticular lens array

An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight,an image display panel,a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed.The directional backlight emitting the parallel light can redirect the cones of light to lenticular lens array and reduce the chromatic spatial-interference effect.The striped half-wave plate,located in front of the image display panel,transformed the polarization direction of the lights from the directional backlight into two mutually perpendicular directions.The polarized lenticular lens array not only can divide the light from the left and right view images to send to left and right eyes but also can reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic images.The proposed autostereoscopic display can produce high quality stereoscopic images without crosstalk at the optimal viewing distance.     

Autostereoscopic three-dimensional display with high dense views and the narrow structure pitch

An auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional （3D） display method with the narrow structure pitch and high dense viewpoints is presented. Normally, the number of views is proportional to the structure pitch of the lenticular lens array. Increasing the density of views will decrease the spatial display resolution. Here a lenticular lens array with one pitch covering 5.333 subpiexels and a novel subpixel arrangement method are designed, and a 32 view 3D display is demonstrated. Compared with the traditional 6-view 3D display, the angular resolution and the displayed depth of field are significantly improved.     

One-dimensional integral imaging based on parallax barrier

One-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) which only has horizontal disparity is a practical solution of high resolution in the vertical direction, low-cost, easy-viewable three-dimensional (3D) display. A 1DII based on a parallax barrier is proposed in this paper. The 1DII consists of a parallax barrier and a display panel. The operation principle and parameter calculation of the 1DII are described in detail. Two prototypes of the proposed 1DII and conventional 1DII based on a lenticular lens array are developed. The proposed 1DII improves the quality of the 3D image and provides larger viewing angle than that based on a lenticular lens array, and it is simpler and has lower cost than that based on a lenticular lens array.     

Modified wide radiating lenses of the power-chip light emitting diodes for a direct-lit backlight

Modified wide radiating lenses of the power-chip light emitting diodes (LEDs) for a direct-lit backlight unit of a liquid crystal display (LCD) are numerically investigated. To improve the optical properties of the backlight, the lens of the Golden DRAGON^® ARGUS^® LED, the cluster of LEDs, and the cluster arrangement for the 32-in bottom-lit backlight unit of a LCD are modified and verified by optical tracing simulation software. First, the central section shape is modified and analyzed to reduce the angular luminous intensity in the small angle range. The results show that the modifying lens method can effectively realize the aim. Then, several LEDs with the modified lenses are put in 32-in backlight. It is shown that the uniformity and efficiency of the new backlight are obviously better than the ones of the original type.     

基于插值算法的立体显示的图像合成与嵌入式实现

在多视点自由立体显示中,针对柱透镜光栅参数与显示器像素不匹配造成的串扰问题,提出利用图像插值的合成方法对图像进行缩放处理。以9视点为例,提出缩放比例系数k,实现双线性插值算法的改进。嵌入式样机测试结果表明,该方法能够满足显示器像素宽度与柱透镜参数的完全匹配,串扰度从13.55%降低到1.40%,降低了12.15%,图像分辨率明显提高,立体显示效果更好。     

Combined lenticular lens for autostereoscopic three dimensional display

When an autostereoscopic three dimensional (3D) display based on a single lenticular lens keeps working for a long period, the thermal expansion of lenticular lens results in serious crosstalk and 3D image deterioration. To overcome this problem, a combined lenticular lens is proposed. The combined lenticular lens is composed of a single lenticular lens used in the traditional autostereoscopic 3D display, a transparent glue layer and a glass substrate. The design method of the combined lenticular lens and analysis of thermal expansion effect is given. A 42-inch autostereoscopic 3D display based on the combined lenticular lens is developed. The experiment results verify that the proposed combined lenticular lens effectively avoids the crosstalk and 3D image deterioration happened in the traditional autostereoscopic 3D display.     

狭缝光栅、柱面透镜光栅及其新构型在三维显示中的应用

介绍了三维显示技术的研究现状,综述了狭缝光栅和柱面透镜光栅在自由立体显示技术中的重要应用。回顾了各种光栅式自由立体显示系统的结构和原理;提出了如何根据狭缝光栅和柱面透镜光栅的特殊光学性质,在传统的立体显示系统中添加各种光栅形成灵活组合结构来提高立体显示效果,强调了它们在减小串扰、增大视场角、避免摩尔条纹以及提供更全面的三维信息等方面的作用。最后指出基于两种光栅的叠加构成面积大、参数均匀、价格低廉的新型透镜可实现全视差立体显示,对探索自由立体显示技术的研究很有意义。     

Nonspherical LED packaging lens for uniformity improvement

Light emitting diode (LED) has more advantages compared with a traditional incandescent light bulb and a fluorescent lamp, such as small size, low quantity of heat, long life, low power consumption, fast response, plain packaging and ease of develop ment of a frivolous short product. A methodology is proposed to improve the uniformity of the LED illumination system. As a light source in a backlight unit (BLU), the requirement for optical characteristics of a LED is different from highly directional conventional ones. New diffused-type LEDs need to be developed to fulfill the requirement of the BLU industry. A non-spherical lens is designed to optimize uniformity, and a great improvement in uniformity from 28.4 to 64% is demonstrated. In the future, it may used in an LED display to improve the unevenness of illumination.     

用于头盔显示液晶像源的透镜薄膜设计与制备

LED已经成为头盔液晶显示的主流背光光源,为了提升LED主视角亮度,减小背光模块的体积,对双自由曲面透镜进行了扁平化设计,形成透镜薄膜,仿真结果表明光线透过透镜薄膜后,存在中心亮度升高、光斑缩小的问题。采用反馈优化方法修改了双自由曲面透镜设计时的能量分布,并重新设计了透镜薄膜,仿真结果表明优化后的光斑尺寸从2.3 mm增加到7.1 mm。采用无掩模直写光刻技术制备了两层透镜薄膜,分别包含一个扁平化后的自由曲面。对包含和不包含透镜薄膜的背光模块进行了测试,测试结果表明:包含透镜薄膜的背光模块平均亮度比不包含的提升了18.1%,设计的透镜薄膜可有效提升LED背光亮度,减小背光模块体积。     

裸眼3D LED显示的全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法

全息透镜板的高精度拼接与装配是基于全息透镜技术的大屏幕LED裸眼3D显示系统搭建中的关键问题。理论计算与实验结果表明,全息透镜板与LED显示模组横向相对位置误差小于1.332mm时,可以满足显示的要求。基于裸眼3D显示系统的投射条纹,提出了基于投射条纹的全息透镜板位置实时调整方法。依据此方法提出了基于极大值测量条纹中心间距的图像处理算法,并结合LabView编写了图像处理程序。实验结果表明,使用该方法测得的亮暗条纹间距的测量精度为0.1mm,反算出全息透镜板与LED屏之间的位置误差小于0.03mm,满足实时调整全息透镜板位置的要求,可以作为全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法。     

基于视场拼接的全视差三维显示系统

提出了一种新的基于视场拼接的全视差三维显示方法及图像生成方案.系统核心部分由一个微投影机阵列、一个反射光路和一个散射屏组构成,图像生成方案采用基于OpenGL的算法实现.为了验证所提出的基于视场拼接理论的正确性,利用液晶显示器、菲涅耳镜组、定向散射屏和背投式反射光路搭建了实验样机.该装置可以在更紧凑的系统结构下显示包括横向视差和纵向视差在内的三维图像,并且通过图像生成算法的配合实现了动态三维显示效果.     

Image-like illumination with LED arrays: design

An array of spatially distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can produce an illumination pattern that approaches an image by individually modulating each LED. In this letter, I analyze the first-order design of such systems in order to achieve the best match between the illumination distribution and a desired image. In particular, simple formulas are given for the optimal number of LEDs, working distance, array size, and LED beam pattern. The analysis developed here may be applied to the design of LED systems such as architecture lighting, energy-efficient lighting, backlight local dimming for displays, and structured illumination microscopy with micro-LED arrays.     

LED柔性照明及显示用超弹性柔性荧光膜

柔性LED是近年来照明及显示领域研究的热点之一.本文提出了一种新的基于有机硅胶(PDMS)制备的兼具超弹性和柔性的荧光薄膜,它不仅在-50~230℃这一较宽的温度范围内展现了良好的热稳定性,还保持了原料荧光粉的光学性能.所制备的透明PDMS基质膜和相应的荧光膜具有完全的柔性和超弹性,其最大伸长率分别高达400%与275%.此外,采用所制掺YAG荧光膜和普通商用1 W蓝光芯片简单封装的白光LED灯珠满足日常白光照明的应用要求,呈现出约6925 K的平均色温,约71的平均显色指数,115.7 lm/W左右的平均发光效率.最后,基于所提出荧光膜成膜工艺而制备的三色3×3柔性阵列显示,可以轻易被拉伸、卷曲和折叠,显示了它在柔性照明及显示器件方面具有应用价值和潜力.     

DMD微投影显示的LED光学引擎设计

提出了基于矩形CPC的微投影显示匀光方法,设计了由LED、CPC、矩形复眼透镜及微显示芯片DMD构成的光学引擎。利用基于蒙特卡罗法的光线追迹软件分析了圆形CPC和矩形CPC对微投影显示匀光效果、光能利用率的影响。实验结果表明基于矩形CPC的光学引擎相对于基于圆形CPC的光学引擎有如下优点:体积小,光学扩展量小,照度均匀性高达到92%以上,能量利用率高达到43%以上,满足微显示芯片DMD的要求。     

一种新的用于直下式LCD背光源的LED

传统的薄膜晶体管液晶显示器作为一种被动发光器件,本身不会发光,必须依靠背光源提供照明。在背光照明用到的光源中,LED最具竞争力。在分析LED性能的基础上,设计了一种用于大尺寸直下式背光源的LED,新设计的LED结构简单,性能优良。通过设计26英寸背光源验证了新的LED。模拟结果表明,新的LED可以满足大尺寸LCD背光源对亮度均匀性和颜色均匀性的要求。     

Crosstalk reduction in multi-view autostereoscopic three-dimensional display based on lenticular sheet

A method to reduce crosstalk in multi-view autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays based on the lenticular sheet is proposed. Correcting the luminance values of each parallax image displayed on the display screen is employed. We analyze the causes of crosstalk. We deduce the formulas of crosstalk reduction according to the relationship between crosstalk coefficients of each parallax image observed through the lenticular sheet, luminance values of each parallax image displayed on the display screen,...     

Microlens array diffuser for a light-emitting diode backlight system

Microlens array (MLA) diffusers for light-emitting diode (LED) backlight systems have been developed. A high fill-factor photoresist mold for the MLA was fabricated using three-dimensional diffuser lithography, and the patterns were transferred to a nickel master mold for UV-curable polymer replication. The fabricated microlens had various paraboloidal profiles, and its aspect ratio was controlled from 1.0 to 2.1. The MLA diffuser showed a batwing radiation pattern with a radiation angle of 150 degrees. The fabricated MLA diffuser may greatly enhance the color-mixing characteristics of LED backlight systems and help reduce the number of LEDs required.     

立体显示用柱面透镜光栅的设计

分析了柱面透镜光栅的单柱面透镜的光传输特性,进而推导出柱面透镜光栅的曲率半径、节距和厚度等重要参量的计算公式.根据这些理论公式,为15英寸柱面透镜光栅自由立体显示器设计了柱面透镜光栅的参量,通过应用光学软件ASAP模拟该立体显示器的立体视区分布,得出该立体显示器能显示良好立体图像,从而验证了理论的正确性.     

狭缝光栅、柱面透镜光栅及其新构型在三维显示中的应用

介绍了三维显示技术的研究现状,综述了狭缝光栅和柱面透镜光栅在自由立体显示技术中的重要应用。回顾了各种光栅式自由立体显示系统的结构和原理;提出了如何根据狭缝光栅和柱面透镜光栅的特殊光学性质,在传统的立体显示系统中添加各种光栅形成灵活组合结构来提高立体显示效果,强调了它们在减小串扰、增大视场角、避免摩尔条纹以及提供更全面的三维信息等方面的作用。最后指出基于两种光栅的叠加构成面积大、参数均匀、价格低廉的新型透镜可实现全视差立体显示,对探索自由立体显示技术的研究很有意义。