单壁碳纳米管的场发射特性研究

利用场发射显微镜(FEM)和四极质谱计分别研究了经过热处理的单壁碳纳米管的场发射图像和热处理过程中样品脱附的残气质谱.当热处理温度达到1000℃左右时得到了单壁碳纳米管的场发射像,此像可能是顶端开口的单根(16,0)锯齿形单壁碳纳米管的具有原子可分辨的场发射图像.四极质谱分析结果表明,在此温度范围W针尖晶粒间隙中有O原子和C原子释放出来.它们对单壁碳纳米管顶端的修饰是我们能观察到这些碳纳米管场发射像的可能原因. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs) 场发射显微镜(FEM) 四极质谱     

掺硼水吸附碳纳米管电子场发射性能的第一性原理研究

运用第一性原理研究了掺硼碳纳米管(BCNT)顶端吸附水分子后的电子场发射性能.结果表明：掺B及吸附H₂O的碳纳米管(BCNT+H₂O)端部形成电子聚集的原子尺度微区,其电子态密度(DOS)在费米能级(E_f)附近有很大提高.根据计算的电子DOS,HOMO/LUMO及Mulliken电荷分布等可知BCNT+H₂O比CNT+H₂O有更好的场发射性能. 关键词： 掺硼碳纳米管 吸附 密度泛函理论 电子场发射     

激光烧蚀对碳纳米管薄膜场发射性能的影响

采用丝网印刷工艺制作了碳纳米管(CNTs)薄膜阴极.经适当能量激光烧蚀后,相互粘连的CNTs随表面粘附有机物的蒸发而分散开,管间隙增加、屏蔽效应减小,使得场发射性能大幅度提高,开启场强降低、场倍增因子β增大.Raman光谱分析表明,随激光能量增加,CNTs表面缺陷增多,成为新的场发射点,对其β增大的贡献加强.相对于两电极结构,三电极中平栅极结构场发射性能经激光烧蚀有更显著的改善.这说明激光烧蚀是提高CNTs场发射性能的有效方法. 关键词： 碳纳米管薄膜 场发射 激光烧蚀 Raman光谱     

钛碳化物改性碳纳米管的场发射性能

通过在碳纳米管(CNTs)表面沉积钛薄膜并经过高温真空退火处理,在CNTs表面形成了低功函数的钛碳化物.研究了钛碳化物改性CNTs的场发射性能,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性碳管进行了结构表征.实验结果表明,高温真空退火可使沉积在CNTs表面的钛原子与碳原子发生化学反应生成钛碳化物;经钛碳化物改性处理的CNTs的场发射性能明显改善,开启电场由改性前的121降低到104V/μm,当电场强度为234V/μm时,场发射电流密度由改性前的23增大到改性后的13.5mA/cm²,同时,CNTs的表面抗离子轰击能力增强,发射稳定性改善.对钛碳化物改性增强CNTs薄膜场发射性能的机理进行了分析. 关键词： 碳纳米管 钛碳化物 场发射 结构表征     

碳、碳氮和硼碳氮纳米管场发射性能的比较研究

采用高温热解法在860℃分别制备出了碳、碳氮和硼碳氮纳米管，提纯后利用丝网印刷工艺分别将它们制备成薄膜，并测试了它们的场发射性能.结果表明：碳纳米管、碳氮纳米管和硼碳氮纳米管薄膜的开启电场分别为2.22，1.1和4.4V/μm，当电场增加到5.7V/μm时，它们的电流密度分别达到1400，3000μA/cm²和小于50μA/cm².碳和碳氮纳米管薄膜的场增强因子分别为10062和11521.可见，碳氮纳米管的场发射性能优于碳纳米管，而硼碳氮纳米管的场发射性能比前两者要差.解释了这三种纳米管场发射性能差别的原因. 关键词： 碳纳米管 碳氮纳米管 硼碳氮纳米管 场发射     

InN纳米线的低压化学气相沉积及其场发射特性研究

利用低压化学气相沉积方法在以Au作催化剂的Si衬底上生长了InN纳米线. 扫描电子显微镜分析表明，这些纳米线的直径在60—100 nm的范围内, 而其长度大于1 μm.高分辨透射电子显微镜图像表明，合成的纳米线中含有六方相和立方相的InN晶体.这些InN纳米线具有良好的场发射特性和稳定的场发射电流，其开启场为10.02 V/μm(电流密度为10 μA/cm²)，在24 V/μm 的电场下，其电流密度达到5.5 mA/cm².此外，对InN纳米线的场发射机理也进行了讨论. 关键词： InN纳米线 场电子发射 非线性Fower-Nordheim曲线     

镜像势对碳纳米管阵列场发射特性的影响

采用多尺度量子化学方法模拟了碳纳米管阵列的场发射特性.碳纳米管镜像势的作用可以等效地用原子尺寸的理想金属球的镜像势来代替.模拟计算结果表明,考虑了镜像势作用后的碳纳米管阵列发射电流密度比没有考虑镜像势的结果增大了约6倍. 关键词： 镜像势 碳纳米管 场致发射     

吡啶B1(nπ*)态(2+3)偏振共振多光子电离谱中6a10带型模拟及转动常量确定

通过模拟吡啶B₁(nπ^*)态(2+3)偏振共振多光子电离谱中转动结构可部分分辨的6a¹₀带型,获得了该态上吡啶分子的转动常量,分别为A′=0.21670cm^-1,B′=0.16758cm^-1,C′=0.09450cm^-1.表明氮原子上的一个孤对电子跃迁进入π^*轨道后氮原子自身电负性减弱,吡啶分子构架总体上张开.此外,比较6a^关键词：     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合体的制备及其三阶非线性光学性能研究

通过原位吸附-受限生长聚合法成功制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米管(PANI/MWCNT)复合体.红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实了在碳纳米管(MWCNT)表面的包覆层为聚苯胺(PANI).紫外—可见吸收光谱表明随着MWCNT含量的增加PANI的吸收发生红移且强度提高.扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察发现，PANI/MWCNT复合体直径为40—70nm，其中PANI的包覆层厚度约为15—20nm.利用四波混频方法测试它们的三阶非线性光学系数，结果发现PANI/MWCNT复合体的三阶非线性光学系数比纯PANI大，这说明在MWC 关键词： 碳纳米管 聚苯胺 复合体 三阶非线性光学系数     

碳纳米管阴极的强流脉冲发射性能研究

采用丝网印刷和涂敷方法制备了两种碳纳米管阴极，并研究了两种阴极的强流脉冲发射特性，表征了阴极表面碳纳米管的形貌及分布.研究结果表明在脉冲宽度为100 ns、电压为1.64×10⁶ V的脉冲电场下，涂敷法制备阴极的场发射电流最高达5.11 kA，最高发射电流密度达260 A/cm².丝网印刷法制备阴极的场发射稳定性优于涂敷法制备阴极，但其发射电流低.阴极表面发射体的形貌与分布影响了阴极的脉冲发射性能.碳纳米管阴极的脉冲发射机理为爆炸电子发射.碳纳米管阴极可以作为强 关键词： 碳纳米管 阴极 脉冲发射 强电流     

多壁碳纳米管外壁高温蒸发的分子动力学模拟

采用经典分子动力学（MD）方法,使用EDIP（environment-dependent interatomic potential)势描述C纳米管内C原子之间相互作用,对多壁C纳米管由于Stone-Wales缺陷引起外层管高温剥落蒸发现象进行了计算模拟.研究结果表明,高温下多壁C纳米管外层管Stone-Wales缺陷处C原子剧烈振动导致C—C键断裂形成悬键,并逐渐向四周扩散导致外层管剥落蒸发.利用Lindemann指数作为判据,得出多壁C纳米管外层管出现剥落蒸发的温度为2290 K左右,与Huang Jianyu等实验中观测到多壁C纳米管外层管剥落蒸发现象产生的温度2000 ℃基本一致. 关键词： 多壁C纳米管 分子动力学 Stone-Wales缺陷 剥落蒸发     

Benign reduction of carbon nanotube agglomerates using a supercritical carbon dioxide process

A method was developed to deagglomerate commercially available multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundles while maintaining the carbon nanotube aspect ratio. The process utilizes the rapid expansion of a supercritical carbon dioxide/MWCNT mixture to separate large primary carbon nanotube agglomerates. High levels of deagglomeration of Baytubes^® C 150 P and Nanocyl? NC-7000 MWCNT bundles were observed on the macroscale and nanoscale, resulting in 30-fold and 50-fold decreases in bulk density, respectively, with median agglomerate sizes <8 μm in diameter. These results were obtained while retaining the aspect ratio of the as-received nanomaterial, irrespective of the MWCNT agglomerate morphology. It was found that a temperature and pressure of 40 °C and 7.86 MP resulted in maximum deagglomeration without damage to the MWCNTs. Thermodynamic principles were applied to describe the effect of processing variables on the efficiency of the deagglomeration. These results suggest that combining this process with a composite processing step, such as melt compounding, will result in nanocomposites with enhanced electrical properties.     

多壁碳纳米管阵列场发射研究

研究了Ar离子束轰击及温度对多壁碳纳米管阵列场发射性能的影响.经Ar离子轰击35min后，发现阵列顶端的Fe催化剂颗粒明显减少，弯曲的顶部被轰击掉，使碳纳米管的场发射电流明显减小而场发射像无明显改变.温度的增加引起碳纳米管的场发射电流也随之增加.还研 究了在透明阳极技术中涂在阳极的荧光粉对场发射电流的影响.对同一碳纳米管阵列样品，发现涂有荧光粉的透明阳极使测量到的场发射电流大幅度减小，只是未涂荧光粉阳极电流的 1/30左右.直接用二氧化锡导电膜作阳极时，测得样品的开启场强为1.0V/μm.沉积了荧光粉的二 关键词： 多壁碳纳米管 场发射     

碳纳米管薄膜场蒸发效应

在超高真空系统中对基于丝网印刷方法制备的碳纳米管薄膜的场蒸发效应进行实验研究. 实验发现, 碳纳米管薄膜样品存在场蒸发现象, 蒸发阈值场在10.0-12.6 V/nm之间, 蒸发离子流可以达到百皮安量级; 扫描电子显微镜分析和场致电子发射测量结果表明, 场蒸发会使碳纳米管分布变得更加不均匀, 会导致薄膜的场致电子发射开启电压上升(240→300V)、场增强因子下降(8300→4200)、蒸发阈值场上升(10→12.6V/nm), 同时使得薄膜场致电子发射的可重复性明显变好. 场蒸发也是薄膜自身电场一致性修复的表现, 这种修复并非表现在形貌上, 而是不同区域场增强因子之间的差距会越来越小, 这样薄膜场致电子发射的可重复性和稳定性自然会得到改善.     

The effect of bernard-marangoni convection on percolation threshold in amorphous polymer-multiwall carbon nanotube composites

The electrical conductivity of amorphous polymer/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films strongly depends on the Bernard-Marangoni (B-M) instability during solvent evaporation. We demonstrate that the films exhibit the lowest surface resistivity and the highest light transmittance near the onset point of B-M instability. The polymer/MWCNT composite films exhibit three-dimensional behavior in spite of the B-M instability. The percolation threshold for PC/MWCNT composite films at stable, onset, and unstable condition is 3.3 × 10⁻³, 2.75 × 10⁻³, and 5.15 × 10⁻³ vol.%, respectively.     

Field electron emission form single-walled carbon nanotubes with deposited cesium atoms

It has been found that deposition g of cesium atoms on single-walled carbon nanotubes covered with potassium atoms not only drastically increases emission current but also considerably changes the shape of current-voltage characteristics of field electron emission, namely, the characteristics become nonlinear in Fowler-Nordheim coordinates. It has been assumed that this effect is associated with the fact that field electron emission in these layers comes from single-walled carbon nanotubes, which have p-type conductivity after potassium treatment, while deposition of cesium leads to the formation of p-n junctions near nanotube tips. Part of the applied voltage drops in p-n junction, thus causing a nonlinearity of current-voltage characteristics.     

Effects of gas composition on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotube

This paper studies the effects of different gas compositions on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films by using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) method. The Raman spectrum was employed to explore the composition of the MWCNT films grown under different mixtures of C₃H₈ and H₂. The results showed that the optimum relative intensity ratio of the D band to G band (i.e., I_D/I_G) is 2 for the cases considered in this study. In addition, the morphology and microstructure of the MWCNTs were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and field emission gun transmission electron microscopy (FEG-TEM). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) were used to study the surface topography and thermal properties of the MWCNTs.     

碳纳米管阴极强流脉冲发射特性实验

 在2 MeV直线感应加速器注入器平台上研究了采用浸渍涂覆方法制备的大面积碳纳米管阴极发射体的强流发射特性。研究结果表明：在脉冲高压电场下,碳纳米管阴极具有强流电子束发射能力,发射电流密度较大;碳纳米管阴极发射电子过程为场致等离子体发射。实验过程中,阴极端取样电阻环收集到的最大发射电流达350 A,阳极端法拉第筒收集的发射电流为167 A,最大阴极发射电流密度为19.4 A/cm²。     

Effect of cross-linkable polymer on the morphology and properties of transparent multi-walled carbon nanotube conductive films

In this study, we fabricated optically transparent and electrically conductive multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) thin films using a spray-coating technique. The transparency and the electrical resistance of thin film are dependent on the nanotube content deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were used as adhesion promoters to improve MWCNT coating more significantly. The cross-linked polymer resulted in a superior bond between the MWCNTs and the substrates. The surface electrical resistance was significantly lower than the original sheet after nitric acid (HNO₃) treatment because of the removed surfactant and the increased interconnecting networks of MWCNT bundles, thus improving the electrical and optical properties of the films. Stronger interaction between the MWCNTs and the substrates resulted in lower decomposition of the polymer chain and less amounts of MWCNTs separated into the HNO₃ solution. The lower sheet electrical resistance of PVP/PAA-g-MWCNT conductive films on the PET substrate was because of a more complete conductive path with the cross-linked polymer than that without. Such an improved sheet of electrical resistance varied from 8.83 × 10⁴ Ω/□ to 2.65 × 10³ Ω/□ with 5.0 wt.% PVP/PAA-g-MWCNT sprayed on the PET after acid treatment.