基于GPRS的下水道气体远程监测系统设计

为了提高城市下水道气体监测的实时性和可靠性,本文设计了基于GPRS的下水道气体远程监测系统。该系统主要包括前端气体采集模块、GPRS数据无线传输模块、数据接收模块及监控中心;气体采集模块由气体传感器和数据采集单片机组成;单片机实时采集气体传感器中的数据,并将采集到的数据通过GPRS无线传输模块进行实时上传;数据接收模块把接收到的数据传送至监控中心服务器,由服务器对数据进行处理、显示、存储和统计等。通过对18个监测点的监测实验效果表明,该系统运行稳定可靠,能实现对下水道气体远程采集、无线传输和实时监测的目的。     

基于Android平台的微型光谱仪数据传输与显示研究

光谱仪的体积庞大和笨重给户外数据采集带来了一定的困难,为了实现系统的微型化和可移动化,提出了一种基于安卓系统的便捷式光谱采集系统。该系统将光谱探测采集系统与数据显示系统相分离,将他们各自微型化并通过无线网络的方式相互通信,并以直观的图形界面将数据显示,方便用户对光谱仪进行控制和数据分析。数据的显示系统是在ARM嵌入式硬件平台上通过无线网络接收模块和JAVA软件算法编程与光谱探测信号采集系统进行通信,将数据实时的传输到光谱数据显示系统上,通过对系统软硬件的开发和试验表明该系统能够很好的完成数据的采集、传输和显示,实现了设备的移动化、智能化和微型化。     

基于物联网的水质在线监测系统设计与实现

针对以往水质监控系统水质传感器数据采集盲区多,传统处理器、通信模块无法满足大量的数据的处理和传输等问题。设计并实现了一种基于物联网技术的水质在线监测系统。该系统由数据采集节点、数据汇聚节点与监测中心计算机构成。设计了以INA118仪用放大器为核心的微弱信号调理电路,通过STM32微处理器进行实时数据采集和处理,结合ZigBee低速短距离和CDMA2000高速远距离通信等物联网技术将水质数据上传至物联网云平台。监测中心计算机通过下载物联网云平台数据实时显示。通过测量数据的对比性实验,结果表明整个系统的实时性好、测量精度较高,温度,pH值和电导率的平均相对误差分别约为0.64%,1.33%和2.33%,能够较好地满足水质监测的要求。     

基于RFID的仪器通信和数据采集控制技术

目前舰船电子装备故障检测原始技术数据采集与传输控制是测试技术专家与现场技术人员之间信息交互的难题,本文提出了一种基于RFID的仪器通信和数据采集控制技术。依托RFID的无线组网技术,介绍了该仪器通信和数据传输控制系统的总体设计、软硬件组成与功能,引出仪器通信与数据传输过程中主控机的监听服务和并发设计等控制机制,从而论述了主控机与仪器的数据采集和传输情况。最后分析了整个系统应用时的上传、接收、存储、解析浏览和反馈的功能和效果。实验结果表明该该系统满足了组网维修系统信息传递、共享与复用的需求。     

基于WiFi和虚拟仪器的噪声监测系统的设计

提出一种基于WiFi和虚拟仪器的嵌入式噪声监测方案,主要由噪声采集单元、主控电路、存储单元、WiFi模块及监控中心组成。噪声提取电路将数据通过单片机控制器处理后输出到与其相连接的存储器中,并通过WiFi模块输出,监控中心通过无线AP点接收噪声数据,利用虚拟仪器软件对噪声数据进行解析和实时显示数据。实验结果表明,该装置功耗低、通信速率高、抗干扰性能好,具有全双工通信的特点。     

基于FPGA和单片机的多路信号光纤传输系统设计

基于FPGA和单片机技术,设计了多路信号光纤传输系统,利用单片机实现了模拟数据的高精度采集和通信信号的双向传输,利用FPGA实现了多路复杂信号的处理与传输。实验证明：该系统不仅能传输多路模拟与数字信号,以及低速数字信号与高速脉冲信号,还能实现双向CAN通信。与现有光纤传输系统相比,多路信号光纤传输系统不仅实现了多路复杂信号的采集,而且使用一根光纤实现了大容量多数据的双向传输,一方面减小了产品体积,另一方面降低了产品成本。     

基于无线通信的激光超声测量系统

激光超声测量技术是一种重要和先进的非接触式超声测量技术.为了减少测量系统各构成部分间的电缆连接,将无线通信技术与激光测量技术的特点相结合,研究了一种激光超声无损测量系统,分析了该测量系统的原理及构成.系统用掺钕钇铝石榴石固体激光器在材料中激励超声波,压电换能器接收超声信号.该信号经系统级芯片MSP430F2274单片机放大、模数转换成数字信号,然后由单片机控制nRF905芯片进行信号的无线传输.接收部分的单片机采用RS-232-C接口标准实现与计算机的串行通信,把信号送入计算机显示记录存储和处理.结果表明该系统实现了激光超声的近程无线测量, 简化了系统的结构,传输性能稳定,对周围电子仪器干扰小,显示了很好的应用前景.     

一种传感器线性校正表格的自动生成方法

介绍一种由单片机控制的传感器线性校正表格自动生成系统，该系统由一个标准检测仪和一个待生成表格的检测仪组成，两个检测仪在同一压力下同时进行数据采集，通过串口通信，生成线性校正表格。     

基于3G的能耗数据采集器设计

针对大型公共建筑实时监控能耗的需求,借助3G网络传输的优势,提出了一种基于3G的能耗数据采集器的设计方案。该方案使用STM32为主控制器,根据Modbus通信规约通过RS485方式实现对智能电表的能耗数据采集,再将数据通过3G无线网络远传至服务器。重点设计了采集器的硬件电路,数据采集与传输驱动程序。经实验室测试,该采集器能实时、准确地采集数据并传送至服务器,性能稳定可靠,能够满足能耗监测系统的需求。     

单片机串口通信在物理实验仪器联机控制中的应用

阐述了通过单片机串口与计算机串口通信的方式,实现计算机对物理实验仪器的控制和数据采集的方法,详细说明了单片机串口通信的软硬件设计,并以具体实验为例做了进一步分析。     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

Polarity of the Medium and Quenching of Fluorescence of Caratenoids and Phthalimides

The relation for the dependence of the rate of radiationless energy conversion of the S ₁ state k _q on the polarity of the medium, obtained previously by the author, has been used to interpret the known literature data on the lifetime of the S ₁ state of solutions of some caratenoids and phthalimides. It has been shown that in alcohols and water (normal and deuterated ones) the fluorescence quenching of 4-amino-, 4-methylamino-, and 4-dimethylamino-N-methylphthalimides (4AMP, 4MAMP, and 4DMAMP) as well as of peridinine in alcohols is due to H-bond formation. It has been established that a twofold increase in the number of amine atoms of hydrogen on passing from 4MAMP to 4AMP, as well as deuteration of solvents in the case of 4DMAMP, is followed by a decrease in k _q by a factor of 1.6 and 1.75, respectively. The mechanism of quenching in complexes formed with solvent molecules by means of the H-bond is discussed. It has been concluded that the quenching of fluorescence of phthalimides in such complexes is mainly due to the intersystem crossing initiated by the oscillations of the protons or deuterons of the H-bonds.     

单链核糖体失活蛋白的Raman和红外光谱

我们测定了两种单链核糖体失活蛋白(肥皂草素和天花粉蛋白)的FTIR和FTRaman光谱。利用FTIR光谱酰胺Ⅲ区域对蛋白质的二级结构进行定量分析,计算了各种二级结构的含量。从肥皂草素和天花粉蛋白的二级结构分析可见,二者在结构上具有某种相似性,为二者功能上的相似性提供了依据。     

Equation of state and thermal expansivity of LiF and NaF

The high-pressure and high-temperature behaviors of LiF and NaF have been studied up to 37 GPa and 1000 K. No phase transformations have been observed for LiF up to the maximum pressure reached. The B1 to B2 transition of NaF at room temperature was observed at ～28 GPa, this transition pressure decreases with temperature. Unit-cell volumes of LiF and NaF B1 phase measured at various pressures and temperatures were fitted using a P–V–T Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. For LiF, the determined parameters are: α₀ = 1.05 (3)×10^?4 K^?1, dK/dT = ?0.025 (2) GPa/K, V ₀ = 65.7 (1) Å³, K ₀ = 73 (2) GPa, and K′ = 3.9 (2). For NaF, α₀ = 1.34 (4)×10^?4 K^?1, dK/dT = ?0.020 (1) GPa/K, V ₀ = 100.2 (2) Å³, K ₀ = 46 (1) GPa, and K′ = 4.5 (1).     

受控核聚变两大途径的对比与结合

目前人们探索受控核聚变主要是从两个方向着手：磁约束受控核聚变和惯性约束受控核聚变，但目前还无法判定到底哪一种途径更为可取，文章首先对这两种途径进行对比，指出各自的特点和困难，在此基础上提出了一种结构相对简单，成本相对较低的三轴六极磁镜系统设想，希望能将磁约束和惯性约束和惯性约束结合起来，以实现受控核聚变反应。     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Geometry and scaling laws of excursion and iso-sets of enstrophy and dissipation in isotropic turbulence

Motivated by interest in the geometry of high intensity events of turbulent flows, we examine the spatial correlation functions of sets where turbulent events are particularly intense. These sets are defined using indicator functions on excursion and iso-value sets. Their geometric scaling properties are analysed by examining possible power-law decay of their radial correlation function. We apply the analysis to enstrophy, dissipation and velocity gradient invariants Q and R and their joint spatial distributions, using data from a direct numerical simulation of isotropic turbulence at Re_λ ≈ 430. While no fractal scaling is found in the inertial range using box-counting in the finite Reynolds number flow considered here, power-law scaling in the inertial range is found in the radial correlation functions. Thus, a geometric characterisation in terms of these sets’ correlation dimension is possible. Strong dependence on the enstrophy and dissipation threshold is found, consistent with multifractal behaviour. Nevertheless, the lack of scaling of the box-counting analysis precludes direct quantitative comparisons with earlier work based on multifractal formalism. Surprising trends, such as a lower correlation dimension for strong dissipation events compared to strong enstrophy events, are observed and interpreted in terms of spatial coherence of vortices in the flow.     

酸碱染料离子的缔合及等色化

本文阐述了等色染料离子对形成的实验方法,等色染料离子对的缔全机理及其形式,用吸收光谱的能级图,从电子理论角度论述了等色染料离子对的缔合效应等色化,溶剂效应等以化机理。列表示出等色染料离子对的高灵敏度,从而证明了等色染料离子对的萃取光度,浮选光度及萃取荧光光度法是高灵敏度和超灵敏度的新体系,为金属痕量和超痕量分析开辟了更为宽广的前景。     

Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of alkoxymethylidene malonate and malononitrile with hydrazines and anilines

The kinetics and mechanism of the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of dialkyl (alkoxymethylidene)malonates (alkyl: methyl, ethyl) and (ethoxymethylidene)malononitrile with substituted hydrazines and anilines R¹–NH₂ (R¹: (CH₃)₂N, CH₃NH, NH₂, C₆H₅NH, CH₃CONH, 4‐CH₃C₆H₄SO₂NH, 3‐ and 4‐X‐C₆H₄; X: H, 4‐Br, 4‐CH₃, 4‐CH₃O, 3‐Cl) were studied at 25 °C in methanol. It was found that the reactions with all hydrazines (the only exception was the reaction of (ethoxymethylidene)malononitrile with N,N‐dimethylhydrazine) showed overall second‐order kinetics and k_obs were linearly dependent on the hydrazine concentration which is consistent with the rate‐limiting attack of the hydrazine on the double bond of the substrate. Corresponding Brønsted plots are linear (without deviating N‐methyl and N,N‐dimethylhydrazine), and their slopes (β_Nuc) gradually increase from 0.59 to 0.71 which reflects gradually increasing order of the C–N bond formed in the transition state. The deviation of both methylated hydrazines is probably caused by the different site of nucleophilicity/basicity in these compounds (tertiary/secondary vs. primary nitrogen). A somewhat different situation was observed with the anilines (and once with N,N‐dimethylhydrazine) where parabolic dependences of the kinetics gradually changing to linear dependences as the concentration of nucleophile/base increases. The second‐order term in the nucleophile indicates the presence of a steady‐state intermediate ‐ most probably T^±. Brønsted and Hammett plots gave β_Nuc = 1.08 and ρ = ?3.7 which is consistent with a late transition state whose structure resembles T^±. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Infrared Spectra and Configuration of Anion Radical and Dianion of Benzil and Benzil-18o

Abstract

Infrared spectra of the products of one- and two -step reduction of both benzil and benzil-¹⁸0 have been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide-d₆ and tetrahydrofurane solutions. Anion-radicals have been obtained by electrochemical reduction of benzil and benzil-¹⁸0; dinegative ions have been prepared by reduction of the same ketones with potassium mirror in vacuo. The band assignment has been performed using the group vibrational concept and isotopic shift data. The previous assignment of the C[dbnd]O stretching band of benzil anion-radical-has been discussed and corrected. Two bands in the infrared spectra of benzil dianion have been found to be sensitive upon ¹⁸0 isotope labelling. This result certifies the presence of cis-configuration of benzil dianion in the investigated solutions. A decrease of ca. 290 cm-¹ has been found for vC[dbnd]O after the transformation of the neutral benzil into an anion-radical. Conversion of benzil anion-radical into dianion has been accompanied by an additional vC[dbnd]O downward shift of 105 cm^?1