ICP-MS分析14种中药铀、钍、铊含量

微量元素尤其是有害元素的监测控制与中药质量密切相关。对14种肿瘤治疗常用中药用微波消解法进行处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测了其中铀、钍和铊的含量。结果显示14种中药中铀、钍和铊含量的变化范围分别为,铀,0.005 153～0.153 4 μg·g-1;钍,0.035 01～0.462 8 μg·g-1;铊,0.001 43～1.600 μg·g-1。铀、钍和铊的含量都较低,但个体含量差异较大。 采用统计软件SPSS11.5对结果进行分析比较,结果显示清热解毒类中药与以毒攻毒类中药中铀、钍和铊含量都无显著性差异;植物类药与动物类药中铀、钍和铊的含量也无显著性差异。ICP-MS法快速、灵敏、准确,可作为中药中铀、钍和铊含量分析的可靠方法,另一方面本研究结果为临床中药的安全使用和药物开发提供了参考数据。     

TRPO萃淋树脂分离富集—偶氮胂Ⅲ分光光度法测定水中钍

本文研究了萃淋树脂TRPO分离富集水中钍。在0.96摩尔/升HNO_3介质中,Th与共存的Re和稀土元素分离。Th与偶氮胂Ⅲ络合物的最大吸收波长位于660纳米,表观摩尔吸收系数为4.87×10~5升。摩尔~(-1),厘米~(-1),此法已用于水中Th的测定,结果满意,Th的回收率为96.8%。     

离线测量钍快中子裂变反应率方法

钍快中子裂变反应率是钍铀燃料循环中的重要数据.为了测量基于聚变-裂变混合能源堆包层概念设计的钍样品在宏观中子学装置中的钍快中子裂变数据,发展了钍快中子裂变率的离线活化γ测量方法.通过测量232Th裂变碎片85mKr的β衰变产物85Rb发射的151.16 keV特征γ射线,并结合钍裂变产额数据,获得了钍样品装置中232Th裂变反应率的分布.详细介绍了此方法的原理和影响因素,并利用14 MeV的D-T中子源在贫铀球壳中开展了校验实验,实验不确定度为5.3%—5.5%.采用MCNP5程序和ENDF/B-VI及ENDF/B-VII数据库模拟计算的结果与实验结果在实验不确定度内基本符合,这证明该方法能够有效地模拟装置中232Th裂变反应率.     

平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定合金钢中痕量镉

本文研究了平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定合金钢中的痕量镉,不需分离,不需加基体改进剂。测定范围为Cd 1μg/g～10μg/g;相对标准偏差为9.0%～14.0%;回收率为98%～102%。     

一维贫铀/聚乙烯交替系统中D-T中子诱发的~(232)Th(n,γ)反应率的测定与分析

开展了钍样品装置内钍核参数的积分中子学基础研究.参考混合堆概念设计搭建了内部放置了钍样品的一维贫铀/聚乙烯交替系统装置,采用加速器D-T中子源模拟聚变堆芯,利用前期开发的离线伽马测量方法测定了不同位置、不同中子谱情况下的232Th(n,γ)反应率,不确定度约为5%.结果显示,聚乙烯对14.1 MeV中子的慢化作用可有效提升钍俘获率,且贫铀对钍俘获率也有显著提升作用.实验结果与主流核数据库计算结果的对比显示,ENDF/B-VI.6和JENDL-3.3数据库的计算值比实验值平均约大6%,而较新的ENDF/B-VII.0数据库的计算值比实验值平均约大4%.因此,相比于之前数据库的钍核数据,ENDF/B-VII.0的计算值与实验结果匹配得较好,可作为相关概念设计的推荐核数据库.     

离子交换分离3,5-二溴水杨基荧光酮-EDTA-CTMAB分光光度法测定微量钍

在EDTA和CTMAB存在下 ,在pH 8 8～ 10 2NH4 Cl NH3 ·H2 O缓冲体系中 ,钍 (Ⅳ )与 3,5 二溴水杨基荧光酮 (3,5 DBSF)形成红紫色多元配合物 ,其最大吸收波长为 5 5 7nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为 2 19× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1,钍含量在 0～ 7μg·(2 5mL) -1范围内 ,符合比耳定律。经离子交换分离除去干扰离子 ,用本法测定了稀土精矿和寻乌矿中的微量钍。     

钍俘获反应率离线伽马测量方法

为了测定聚变-裂变反应堆模型钍包层中的钍俘获率以及钍-铀转化率, 探索了一种新的钍活化离线γ测量法. 利用测量²³²Th俘获反应产物²³³Th衰变链中²³³Pa衰变放出的311.98 keV 特征γ射线, 来反推计算并最终确定²³²Th(n,γ)²³³Th的反应率, 测试实验中不确定度约6% (²³³Th/²³²Th量级为10^-17情况下). 详细介绍了此方法的背景和原理方法, 并进行简单的校验实验, 证明其能够较好地得到模拟装置中的俘获率. 与瞬发γ测量法以及质谱分析法进行对比, 本方法更适合用于聚变-裂变反应堆模型钍包层中的钍俘获率以及钍-铀转化率测量, 并有望进一步测量其他相关参数.     

荧光光谱法测定血中的三氟拉嗪

利用固相萃取技术分离血中三氟拉嗪 ,荧光法进行了测定。方法的线性范围为 0 .1— 30μg/m L ,回收率为 75 %— 86 % ,相对标准偏差为 2 .7%— 5 .2 % ,检出限为 0 .1μg/m L。     

ICP(水平式)-AES测定铀和铀化合物中微量钍及全稀土杂质元素

本方法将100毫克铀或相当的铀化合物转化为氯化铀酰,在7mol/L盐酸介质中用TFA-Kel-F粉柱进行反相色层分离,用ICP(水平式)。-AES测定铀或铀化合物中微量钍及全稀土等十六个杂质元素。其检测限总的含量为2.22ppm;对应的硼当量总和为0.1614ppm;方法回收率在87%至112%之间;相对标准偏差小于±9%。一、实验设备及其条件摄谱仪:WPG-100型平面光栅摄谱仪,中心波长为330.0nm,单透镜照明,物:像=1:1。     

化学光谱法测定金属锂中6种微量杂质的研究

应用阴离子交换树脂分离锂与待测元素,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属锂中钙、钴、铁、钼、锡和锌6种微量元素.考察了锂的基体效应,锂与待测元素的分离条件,酸浓度的影响,选择了载气流量和元素的分析线.取样量为1g时,元素的测定范围为20-640μg/g,方法回收率在93.0%-108%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在4.6%-7.2%之间.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.