大面积染料敏化太阳电池的实验研究

通过对大面积染料敏化太阳电池的实验研究，探讨了串联电阻对大面积染料敏化太阳电池光伏特性的影响问题，给出了解决这一问题的有效方法. 在此基础上制作的大面积条状电池(0.8cm×18cm)光电转换效率达到6.89%，而由此条状电池并联组成的大面积电池(15cm×20cm)的效率接近6%. 使得大面积染料敏化太阳电池的研究工作取得突破性进展，迈出了实用化的关键一步，为其工业化生产及商业化应用提供了理论和实验依据. 关键词： 大面积 染料敏化 太阳电池 串联电阻     

染料敏化纳米ZnO薄膜太阳电池机理初探

讨论利用ZnO代替TiO2作为光阳极制作染料敏化薄膜太阳电池的可行性.使用LSV法，IR光谱和UV-vis光谱探讨了电池的工作机理和性能，并与染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳电池作了比较.结果发现ZnO薄膜表面与染料的吸附键合力太弱是导致ZnO太阳电池效率低下的主要原因. 关键词： 纳米ZnO 太阳电池 染料敏化 量子效率     

锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管的制备及其染科敏化太阳电池

以商用金红石相TiO2粉末为原料,通过在碱性溶液中150℃水热48h的方法合TiO2纳米管.采用SEM,TEN,XRD分析手段对TiO2纳米管的形貌和结构演变进行了表征.制成的TiO2纳米管与TritonX-100,乙酰丙酮混合后,通过丝网印刷的方法涂敷到ITO导电玻璃衬底上,并且在450℃下烧结30min后得到可应用于染料敏化太阳电池的多孔光阳极.将此光阳极浸泡于N719染料敏化后,与镀铂对电极组装电池,两者之间灌入液态电解质,电池的有效面积为0.28 cm2.在标准氙灯模拟器下(AM 1.5,100 roW/cm2)测试r电池的J-V特性,得到2.17%的光电转换效率.     

大面积染料敏化太阳电池的串联阻抗特性研究

在电子扩散微分方程的基础上,研究了染料敏化太阳电池光生电流和光生电压随光照强度不同的变化关系.提出敏化太阳电池串联阻抗功率损耗模型,理论模拟了大面积电池（有效面积>1 cm²）光电转换效率随多孔薄膜有效面积宽度变化的曲线、透明导电基底膜与银栅极的比接触电阻以及在不同入射光强下银栅极体电阻对大面积染料敏化太阳电池光伏性能的影响.结果表明透明导电基底膜的方块电阻和银栅极体电阻对大面积染料敏化太阳电池的性能有很大影响,而这种影响随光强的减弱逐渐减小. 关键词： 染料敏化 太阳电池 串联阻抗 光电转换效率     

染料敏化太阳电池及其进展

文章介绍了染料敏化太阳电池的研究背景和发展过程,简述了基于纳米TiO2半导体电极材料的染料敏化太阳电池的基本结构和工作机理.详细阐述了该电池国内外各项关键技术的实验和产业化研究最新成果,着重分析了染料敏化太阳电池的未来发展趋势,并对该电池的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

对近几年石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究成果进行了追踪,分析了多种改性石墨烯电极应用于染料敏化太阳能电池后能量转换效率变化的原因,深入研究了改善石墨烯对电解质的还原电催化反应活性物理机理,为解决该电池存在的问题理清了思路,对该方向未来的研究工作给出了建议,探索和制备新材料以进一步打破石墨烯的层间堆叠是提高该电池性能的关键。     

基于石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

对近几年石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究成果进行了追踪,分析了多种改性石墨烯电极应用于染料敏化太阳能电池后能量转换效率变化的原因,深入研究了改善石墨烯对电解质的还原电催化反应活性物理机理,为解决该电池存在的问题理清了思路,对该方向未来的研究工作给出了建议,探索和制备新材料以进一步打破石墨烯的层间堆叠是提高该电池性能的关键。     

三芳胺和二氢吲哚作为给体的染料对钴电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

合成了两种有机染料,三芳胺染料XS51和二氢吲哚染料XS52,并分别用于钴基电解质和碘基电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池中. 考察了染料结构对光物理性能、电化学性能和电池性能的影响. XS51为含有四个己氧基的三芳胺结构,表现出较好的空间位阻,从而提高了光电压. XS52中二氢吲哚的给电子能力强,从而短路电流较大. 同碘电解质相比,所合成的染料更适合用于钴电解质的染料敏化电池中. 在100 mW/cm²的光强下,基于染料XS52的钴电解质太阳能电池总的光电转换效率达到6.58%.     

电沉积处理与染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的优化

采用阳极氧化水解法对染料敏化纳米TiO₂薄膜太阳电池的光阳极进行不同方式的电沉积优化处理.借助x射线衍射仪对处理后的样品进行分析，通过超高分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜对导电玻璃以及电沉积处理前后纳米多孔薄膜表面进行了粒径和形貌的扫描.染料敏化太阳电池实验测试结果表明，电沉积处理和修饰后可以明显提高光生电子的收集率，增大短路电流密度，提高电池效率. 关键词： 2')" href="#">纳米TiO₂ 染料敏化 电沉积 太阳电池     

染料敏化太阳能电池二氧化锡光阳极表面原子层沉积氧化铝研究

染料敏化薄膜太阳能电池作为一种新型的太阳能电池吸引了世界范围内的研究。采用二氧化锡代替传统的二氧化钛作为染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极,使用含有I-/I-3氧化还原电解对的液态电解质。同时,通过原子层沉积(ALD)法,在150℃下使用三甲基铝(TMA)和水作为前驱体和氧化剂沉积氧化铝。并研究了ALD超薄氧化铝包覆二氧化锡颗粒对染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换效率的影响。椭圆偏振仪(SE)分析结果表明ALD每周期沉积速率约为1.2。X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)的结果表明,超薄氧化铝包覆没有影响多孔二氧化锡纳米晶薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌。紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)研究发现随着氧化铝的沉积周期数增加,染料敏化电池光阳极吸附染料的能力增加。最后,对ALD氧化铝对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响机理进行了探讨。     

电化学染料增感对聚苯胺/硅异质结电池的影响

采用电化学氧化聚合染料增感方法，利用有机染料直接耐晒翠兰对太阳电池顶区材料聚苯胺进行了有机染料增感研究，制备出了Al栅/DS-PAn/n-Si/Al结构的染料增感聚苯胺/硅异质结太阳电池.研究表明，染料增感可使聚苯胺在光照射下光生载流子明显增强，较大幅度地改善聚苯胺的可见光谱响应；J-V特性表明，电池二极管的曲线因子约为6.3，p-n结的潜在势垒高度为0.89 eV；与未增感的PAn/n-Si异质结太阳电池相比，染料增感的DS-PAn/n-Si异质结太阳电池的短路电流和转换效率得到了较大提高，在37.2 W/m2的光照射下，经染料增感的电池短路电流较增感前提高了约6倍，填充因子可达57%，转换效率达1.42%.     

A new direction in design and manufacture of co-sensitized dye solar cells: Toward concurrent optimization of power conversion efficiency and durability

A novel methodology was implemented in the present study to concurrently control power conversion efficiency (η) and durability (D) of co-sensitized dye solar cells. Applying response surface methodology (RSM) and Desirability Function (DF), the main influential assembling (dye volume ratio and anti-aggregation agent concentration) and operational (performance temperature) parameters were systematically changed to probe their main and interactive effects on the η and D responses. Individual optimization based on RSM elucidated that D can be solely controlled by changing the ratio of vat-based organic photosensitizers, whereas η takes both effects of dye volume ratio and anti-aggregation concentration into account. Among the studied factors, the performance temperature played the most vital role in η and D regulation. In particular, however, multi-objective optimization by DF explored the degree to which one should be careful about manipulation of assembling and operational parameters in the way maximization of performance of a co-sensitized dye solar cell.     

Mixed cation effect and iodide ion conductivity in electrolytes for dye sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer an alternative to conventional silicon solar cell because of low cost and easy fabrication. However, one major drawback in DSSCs is their low efficiency. This paper reports the effect of using a binary iodide salt mixture with different size cations on the efficiency enhancement in dye sensitized solar cells based on polymer gel electrolytes. Several different polymers, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly (vinylidenefluoride (PVdF)), and polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been used as host polymers. A binary iodide mixture consisting of an alkaline iodide salt (small cation) and a quaternary ammonium iodide salt such as tetrapropyl ammonium iodide (Pr₄NI) (large cation) has been used as the iodide ion source. In some of these systems, efficiency enhancement of more than 25% has been reached due to the “mixed cation effect”. From these studies, it was established that the variation of the power conversion efficiency with the concentration ratio of the two iodide salts follows the same trend as the short circuit current density (J _sc) and goes through a maximum at a particular salt concentration ratio. The maximum efficiency was found to be higher than the efficiencies of the DSSCs with only a single iodide salt in the electrolyte. The J _sc in these DSSCs appears to be governed by the iodide ion conductivity of the gel electrolyte. The observed efficiency enhancement has been explained on the basis of the electrode effects as well as electrolyte effects where the cations play a dominant role.

     

An enhancement of efficiency of a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell due to cocktail effect of N719 and black dye

The solar cell performance of the black dye, N719 dye and the cocktail of two dyes on TiO₂ films were studied by mean of the utilization as light harvesting electrodes in solid-state FTO|TiO₂|dye|CuI|Cr–FTO cells. The power conversion efficiencies of 3.8% and 3.0% are obtained when N719 and black dye were used. When the mixture of 1:1 of two dyes was used, the conversion efficiency rises to 4.6%. In the mixture of N719 and black dye, the N719 dye acts as the aggregation preventer and a co-absorber on TiO₂ surfaces. The increased absorption of light by the two dyes results in increase of electron injection thus enhancing both the short-circuit current density and the open circuit voltage contributing to increased power conversion efficiency of the cell.     

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation generation in the irregular point of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation(CR) is generated by the soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS) in the irregular point of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber(HC-PCF) in our laboratory.The impacts of pump power and wavelength on the CR are investigated,and the corresponding nonlinear processes are discussed.When the average power of the 120 fs pump pulse increases from 500 mW to 700 mW,the Raman soliton shifts from 2210 nm to 2360 nm,the output power of the CR increases by 2.3 times,the maximum output power ratio of the CR at 539 nm to that of the residual pump is calculated to be 24.32:1,the width of the output optical spectrum at the visible wavelength broadens from 35 nm to 62 nm,and the conversion efficiency η of the CR in the experiment can be above 32%.     

Tunable,narrow bandwidth, 2 MW dye laser pumped by a KrF1 discharge laser

Characteristics of p-terphenyl and PBD, the most efficient uv dyes, have been investigated under high intensity pumping by a multi-atmosphere KrF¹ discharge laser at 248 nm wavelength. Energy conversion efficiencies, spectral features and temporal behaviour of the dyes were studied parametrically. A maximum powerof 2 MW uv emission with a bandwidth of ～2×10^-2 nm was obtained for PBD. It was found that a mixture of both dyes provided higher (by a factor of 1.3) output in the range 348–366 nm than either of the dyes alone. Significant pump intensity dependent conversion efficiency and pulse shape variations were observed for the most efficient uv dye, p-terphenyl and were related to triplet-triplet adsorption processes in the dye.     

Investigation of a High-Beam-Quality Dual-End-Pumped Stable Tm:YLF Laser in Single Rod Geometry

We report a high-beam-quality stable Tm:YLF laser with a single rod crystal. By optimizing the output coupler parameters and regulating an F–P etalon combined with the VBG, we obtain a maximum continuous-wave output power exceeding 15Wwith a wavelength of 1,908.2 nm and a narrow linewidth of 0.18 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 39.4% and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 34.6%; the beam quality factor M² is less than 1.4 at the maximum output power.     

Performances of ZnO-Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated by Hydrothermal Synthesis and Sol-Gel Technique

ZnO is introduced as an alternative to TiO2 in dye sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） due to its band gap similar to TiO2, higher electron mobility, and flexible procedures of preparations. Several samples of ZnO films are prepared with the hydrothermal synthesis method and the sol-gel technique, respectively. These ZnO films were assembled as photoanodes in DSSCs using N3 dye as the sensitizer. The ZnO-based cells prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis show typical current source characteristics, whose fill factor （FF） is 0.44 and photo-to-electric power conversion efficiency is 0.34%. On the other hand, all the samples prepared with the sol-gel technique show accompanied source characteristics with relatively higher power conversion efficiencies （1%） but a lower FF （0.26）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） measurements indicate that the sol-gel samples have small particles sizes. Therefore, sol-gel samples could adsorb more dye molecules to generate high conversion efficiencies. At the same time, more grain boundaries make it more possible for injected electrons to recombine with the oxidized electrolyte. Hydrothermal samples have bigger grains, so they show poor conversion efficiency and relatively high FF.     

355 nm Nd:YAG激光在H2中的高效一级斯托克斯转换

对脉冲Nd:YAG激光(355 nm)在H2和H2:He-Ar混合气体中的受激拉曼散射(SRS)进行了研究.在0.5 MPa的氢气中,同时测量到从二级反斯托克斯到三级斯托克斯的多波长输出,其总转化效率达88%;而高压下只剩下一级和二级斯托克斯输出,其中二级斯托克斯最大能量转化效率达44%(对应量子效率为63%).由于高级斯托克斯的竞争,纯氢气中一级斯托克斯的最大能量转换效率不超过43%.通过向3 MPa氢气中掺入2 MPaAr气后,很好地抑制了二级斯托克斯的产生,从而获得了能量转换效率高达71%(对应量子效率为83%)的一级斯托克斯输出.对四波混频和级联受激拉曼散射在氢气多级斯托克斯产生中的作用以及惰性气体对它们的影响进行了讨论.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals in different basic pHs and their applications in dye sensitized solar cells

In this research TiO₂ nanocrystals with sizes about 11–70 nm were grown by hydrothermal method. The process was performed in basic autoclaving pH in the range of 8.0–12.0. The synthesized anatase phase TiO₂ nanocrystals were then applied in the phtoanode of the dye sensitized solar cells. It was shown that the final average size of the nanocrystals was larger when the growth was carried out in higher autoclaving pHs. The photoanodes made of TiO₂ nanocrystals prepared in the pHs of 8.0 and 9.0 represented low amounts of dye adsorption and light scattering. The performance of the corresponding dye sensitized solar cells was also not acceptable. Nevertheless, the energy conversion efficiency was better for the state of pH of 9.0. For the photoanodes made of TiO₂ nanocrystals prepared at autoclaving pH of 10.0, the dye adsorption and light scattering were quite higher. The photovoltaic characteristics of the best cell in this state were 15.25 mA/cm², 740 mV, 0.6 and 6.8% for the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and efficiency, respectively. The photoanodes composed of TiO₂ nanocrystals prepared in autoclaving pHs of 11.0 and 12.0 demonstrated lower amount of dye adsorption and higher light scattering. This was quite considerable for the state of pH of 12.0. The energy conversion efficiencies were consequently decreased compared to that of the pH of 10.0. The optimum situation was finally discussed based on the nanocrystals size and its influence on the sensitization and light harvesting efficiency.