场效应晶体管—自电光效应器件灵巧像素的实验研究

在一块印刷电路板上通过将自电效应器件（ＳＥＥＤ）与ＧａＡｓ场效应晶体管（ＦＥＴ）进行互连制作一种简单的场效应晶体管－自电光效应器件（ＦＥＴ－ＳＥＥＤ）灵巧像素，这种灵巧像素由一个输入自电光效应器件，一个输出自电光效应器件及一个ＧａＡｓ场效应晶体管放大器构成，设计了一个光学系统，在这个系统以对这种灵巧像素进行了演示及测试，并对其工作原理及过程进行了描述。     

CCD摄像头圆目标中心定位方法

在大型设备自动对接系统中,需要CCD摄像头对一设备截面的圆目标进行图像获取,并找出图像的中心点坐标,用于两设备的中心对准。为了满足实时性测量和高精度定位要求,提出一种CCD摄像头圆目标中心定位方法。先对图像使用中值滤波方法进行图像增强,利用广义数字形态学中的多结构抗噪膨胀腐蚀型算子提取单像素宽图像边缘,用多项式插值法对图像边缘进行亚像素定位,用半径约束最小二乘圆拟合法对圆中心进行精确定位。实验测量结果表明,该方法测量时间短、精度高、稳定性好,亚像素定位精度优于1/20像素,中心点总标准偏差小于0.01,可满足设备自动对接系统要求。     

用于印刷电路板缺陷检测的光学视觉

本文提出了一种利用光学形态变换探测印刷电路板缺陷的新方法。以非相干光学相关器为基础，构成了一个实现印刷电路板微小缺陷检测的形态变换光学视觉系统给出了原理性实验结果。     

绘制印刷电路板的简单方法

物理实验经常做印刷电路板 ,用透明不干胶带代替漆层绘制印刷电路板 ,方法简单 ,材料易找 ,成本低而且效果好 .现将方法介绍如下 .先用砂纸把敷铜板打磨干净 ,用复写纸把草图复印在敷铜板上 .用市场上易买到的包装用宽透明不干胶带把敷铜板全贴满 ,并用手掌压平整 .找一把小刻刀 ,刀刃要平直锋利 ,用直尺对准要去掉部分的边线 ,用刀尖沿尺划透胶层 .要去掉部分的两边都划透后 ,用镊子撕下要去掉部分上的胶膜 .把要去掉部分胶膜都这样处理后 ,再检查一次 ,看要留下的线路上是否有没盖上的 ,如果有 ,就用不干胶带补上 .如果我们要做的电路板线…     

用于印刷电路板缺陷检测的光学视觉

本文提出了一种利用光学形态变换探测印刷电路板缺陷的新方法。以非相干光学相关器为基础,构成了一个实现印刷电路板微小缺陷检测的形态变换光学视觉系统给出了原理性实验结果。     

多功能在线电路检测仪表

在线测试技术是近年来发展起来的一种测试技术.以往检测印刷电路板上的元件参数和电参数时,需要把元件焊下来以防止并联效应;检测电流时,需要把电路割断以串联电流表.现在采用在线测试技术,可以在印刷电路板上直接测得元件参数,基本上不受并联元件的影响.人们只要将表笔接触导体,就可以知道流过导体的电流.显然,这种测试技术既方便又不易损坏电路板和电气元件,同时还为自动测试打下基础. 随着科学技术的发展,交通、电信、工业自动化的控制系统越来越精密,印刷电路板越来越复杂,元件的密度越来越高.在高密度的线路板上往往由于蚀刻和焊接的不…     

高精度自动贴片机视觉对准系统及其图像处理

阐述了高精度自动贴片机视觉对准系统的构成和原理。介绍了利用模式识别理论和图像的不变矩实现定位标志存在性判断的原理及算法和定位标志对准的原理及相关的图像处理算法,以及其中的点模式匹配算法。试验结果表明,定位标志存在性判断算法可以有效地区分不同的定位标志和判断定位标志是否在视场之内;定位标志对准算法在输入图像旋转、平移、定位标志被部分遮挡时,能精确地得到定位标志的位置偏差。     

高清医用电子内窥镜微型CMOS摄像模组(英文)

研发并报道一个全新的130万像素电子内窥镜微型摄像模组.该模组采用低压差分信号技术实现图像数据的长距离高保真传输,它包括一个1/5.5英寸、分辨率为1280×1024像素的CMOS图像传感器,一个视场角为140°的小型镜头以及2个电路板.小型镜头座直接粘合到图像传感器的非光学窗口部分,两块印刷电路板垂直装配,使模组的尺寸缩小到长宽高分别为15.0mm、5.5mm、5.2mm的空间.编码芯片将并行数字信号编码成低压差分信号经双绞线传出模组.搭建了实验系统并对摄像模组的实践性能进行评价.实验表明:模组分辨率达到136lp.mm-1,图像传输距离达到2m以上.紧凑的结构、高清分辨率图像、大视场和长传输距离使其适用于内窥镜诊治,特别是高清胃镜和结肠镜.     

高清医用电子内窥镜微型CMOS摄像模组

研发并报道一个全新的130万像素电子内窥镜微型摄像模组.该模组采用低压差分信号技术实现图像数据的长距离高保真传输,它包括一个1/5.5英寸、分辨率为1 280×1 024像素的CMOS图像传感器,一个视场角为140°的小型镜头以及2个电路板.小型镜头座直接粘合到图像传感器的非光学窗口部分,两块印刷电路板垂直装配,使模组的尺寸缩小到长宽高分别为15.0 mm、5.5 mm、5.2 mm的空间.编码芯片将并行数字信号编码成低压差分信号经双绞线传出模组.搭建了实验系统并对摄像模组的实践性能进行评价.实验表明:模组分辨率达到136 lp·mm-1,图像传输距离达到2 m以上.紧凑的结构、高清分辨率图像、大视场和长传输距离使其适用于内窥镜诊治,特别是高清胃镜和结肠镜.     

基于曲线拟合的亚像素边缘定位方法的研究

图像的边缘定位是图像测量的关键之一,随着测量精度要求的提高,已由早期的像素级边缘定位发展到了现在的亚像素级边缘定位。根据地球在地球敏感器CCD阵面中的成像特性,提出了一种基于曲线拟合的亚像素边缘定位方法以获取地球“灼热圆盘”的边缘。该方法利用曲线拟合获得的拟合斜率以及灰度值来提取图像的边缘。仿真结果表明,采用曲线拟合亚像素边缘定位法可使图像的边缘定位精度达到百分之几个像素,具有较高的精度。     

改进的插值法用于IIM影像条带噪声去除

摘 要：针对嫦娥一号(CE-1)干涉成像光谱仪(IIM)影像中的条带噪声,应用常用的频域滤波方法和线性插值法进行了IIM条带去除试验,并提出结合了三阶插值的改进线性插值方法。对噪声点定位后,根据图像中噪声点上下行相应点的数值差别是否超过预设阈值,确定是采用线性插值还是三阶插值算法,修正噪声点像素值。实验结果的均值和标准偏差以及图像质量因子(IQ因子)的比较表明：改进的方法IQ值达到13.9081,而线性插值算法为9.8428,改进的线性插值方法在去除IIM影像条带噪声方面明显优于线性插值方法。     

一种快速检测圆的抗干扰变形模板方法

提出了一种新的参量式变形模板方法，用于检测带有缺陷和噪声的圆。根据圆的几何形状特性和梯度信息定义了模板的能量函数。然后通过动态调整模板的参量使能量函数和图像进行交互以把能量函数最大化。根据能量函数的定义，在其取得最大值时的参量即为所检测圆的位置参量。为了提高匹配运算速度，先求出被检测圆的圆心和半径的估计值，然后给出缩小了的搜索区域。在此搜索区域内采用贪婪优化的算法得到最终检测结果。实验结果表明算法可以在圆有较大缺陷和噪声的情况下，定位精度在1个像素以内，速度在0．5s左右；有很好的抗干扰和抗噪声能力，并有较快的运算速度。     

The smoothing of electronic speckle pattern interferometric images

A simple method of smoothing electronic speckle pattern interferometric images is demonstrated. A new image is created from the original by assuming that the speckles can be modelled as multiplicative noise, and replacing each pixel by the variance of grey level intensities taken over a rectangular window. Results from several window sizes are presented. The amount of smoothing is estimated by inspection of the amount of noise left following the application of a fringe minima detection algorithm to the smoothed image.     

基于平面估计的三维测量相位展开新方法

工业自动化生产中微米级的三维测量大多采用相位测量轮廓术,但其中现有的包裹相位展开方法容易受图像噪声和相位突变的干扰;在电路板贴片安装的锡膏三维测量中,利用电路板的平面区域包裹相位信息进行平面估计,然后全局相位展开向拟合平面靠拢,根据统计信息确定参数,得到连续相位;利用展开后的相位再进行电路板平面的二次曲面拟合,提高基平面的拟合精度和相对高度;对比实验证明了该方法的鲁棒性和快速性,处理时间短,不受噪声、相位突变、阴影等干扰。     

一种基于圆内接直角三角形的圆检测方法

提出一种基于圆内接直角三角形的圆检测方法.创建基于有效像素位置的数组存储空间,将图像空间的搜索任务转移到压缩的数组空间中完成,配以特定的搜索算法,降低了该方法复杂度.在存储空间中分级别搜索直角三角形,将圆参量的求解转化为三角形参量的计算,避免了反复的平方、开方运算,减少了运算时间.在结果计算过程中,将单个直角三角形求解结果进行聚合,最终得到合理全局解.合成图以及实际图像的实验结果表明,该方法用于一般图像的圆检测时,具有独特的抑制噪声以及非圆上边缘点干扰的优势,实验快速、可靠,具有可重复性,检测精度小于1 pixel.     

Further improvement of edge location accuracy of double fiber spherical coupling sensor using orthogonal Jacobi–Fourier moments

In order to further improve the edge location accuracy of double fiber spherical coupling sensor, an approach based on OJFMs is proposed. In this paper, OJFMs with high order spatial moment and simple calculation is built. Then, its edge location method and fast discrete algorithm is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is tested by locating the edge of standard pattern and the image acquired by double fiber spherical coupling sensor with lot of noise. Experiment results show that the location accuracy is up to 0.05 pixel and 0.08 pixel for standard lines and standard circle, respectively. The accuracy of double fiber spherical coupling sensor is 0.026 pixel in 2σ band and a actual accuracy of 36 nm is obtained by OJFMs after a moving average filter (N = 7).     

Real-time application of critical dimension measurement of TFT-LCD pattern using a newly proposed 2D image-processing algorithm

A critical dimension measurement system for TFT-LCD patterns has been implemented in this study. To improve the measurement accuracy, an imaging auto-focus algorithm, fast pattern-matching algorithm, and precise edge detection algorithm with subpixel accuracy have been developed and implemented in the system.The optimum focusing position can be calculated using the image focus estimator. The two-step auto-focusing technique has been newly proposed for various LCD patterns, and various focus estimators have been compared to select a stable and accurate one.Fast pattern matching and subpixel edge detection have been developed for measurement. The new approach, called NEMC, is based on edge detection for the selection of influential points; in this approach, points having a strong edge magnitude are only used in the matching procedure. To accelerate pattern matching, point correlation and an image pyramid structure are combined.Edge detection is the most important technique in a vision inspection system. A two-stage edge detection algorithm has been introduced. In the first stage, a first order derivative operator such as the Sobel operator is used to place the edge points and to find the edge directions using a least-square estimation method with pixel accuracy. In the second stage, an eight-connected neighborhood of the estimated edge points is convolved with the LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) operator, and the LoG-filtered image can be modeled as a continuous function using the facet model. The measurement results of the various patterns are finally presented.The developed system has been successfully used in the TFT-LCD manufacturing industry, and repeatability of less than 30 nm (3σ) can be obtained with a very fast inspection time.     

Multi-sampling and filtering technology of IRFPA

In order to overcome the drawbacks of low SNR of IR (infrared) images and resolve the problem that widely used 2D-TDI (two dimensional time delay integration) algorithm could only be applied to static or slow-moving targets, the application of multi-sampling and filtering technology is discussed in this paper. The technology adopted the method of sampling the same pixel repeatedly in one image which ensured that it could be applied to fast-moving targets and lowered random noise of IR images in the meantime. Both the images effects and the experimental data show that multi-sampling and filtering technology of infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) have the same ability of improving SNR (signal noise ratio) of IR images as the 2D-TDI algorithm which can raise the SNR of IR images to times of the original ones (m equals to the sampling times at the same pixel), and the experimental result also proves that the technology can be applied to all moving targets.     

LCD pixel shape and far-field diffraction patterns

The shape and diffraction pattern of a liquid crystal display (LCD) pixel used in a point-diffraction interferometer is qualitatively evaluated using the experimental diffraction patterns of computer-generated apertures. The diffraction patterns for apertures with contours between a circle and a square were numerically plotted from analytical expressions of these topological forms. The observed patterns are qualitatively in accordance with previous calculations of such apertures using scalar diffraction theory in the far field.     

Algorithm of far-field centre estimation based on phase-only matched filter

Estimation of the far-field centre is carried out in beam auto-alignment. In this paper, the features of the far-field of a square beam are presented. Based on these features, a phase-only matched filter is designed, and the algorithm of centre estimation is developed. Using the simulated images with different kinds of noise and the 40 test images that are taken in sequence, the accuracy of this algorithm is estimated. Results show that the error is no more than one pixel for simulated noise images with a 99% probability, and the stability is restricted within one pixel for test images. Using the improved algorithm, the consumed time is reduced to 0.049s.