用于印刷电路板缺陷检测的光学视觉

本文提出了一种利用光学形态变换探测印刷电路板缺陷的新方法。以非相干光学相关器为基础,构成了一个实现印刷电路板微小缺陷检测的形态变换光学视觉系统给出了原理性实验结果。     

一种快速检测圆心的抗噪声亚像素算法

在印刷电路板的自动光学检测中，被检对象的空间对准是一个关键步骤，而传统的图像匹配技术由于其只能在像素级定位，而无法适应印刷电路板精确对准的要求。本文利用圆的几何对称性，提出一种在亚像素精度快速定位圆心的算法。     

基于ACR9000控制器的自动光学检测平台设计 

针对自动光学检测（AOI）平台运行过程中的定位精度控制问题,提出了一种基于速度和加速度前馈控制与PID反馈控制的复合控制算法,该算法对输入量进行跟踪补偿控制以消除系统稳态误差,用于提高AOI平台定位精度。基于开放式的数控系统设计方法设计了AOI平台。在Matlab/Simulink环境下,构建了基于该复合控制算法的定位精度控制仿真模型,仿真结果验证了复合控制算法的有效性。将该复合控制算法作为ACR9000控制器的控制算法,并基于ACR9000控制器进行AOI平台实验研究。应用该AOI平台进行了印刷电路板（PCB）检测实验,实验结果表明文中复合控制算法能够提高AOI平台定位精度,AOI平台的定位精度满足印刷电路板检测要求,可以将该AOI平台用于印刷电路板检测。     

印刷电路板的激光探伤

<正> 希迈电子公司研制出了一种称为“计算机自动处理目检系统”(CAVIS)的电光质量控制系统,该系统能以100cm/s 的速度检查印刷电路板的缺陷,检查宽度为50cm。     

变换光学透镜天线研究进展

龙伯透镜天线是一种独特的渐变折射率透镜天线,但因为某些缺陷其应用受到限制。近年来,人们采用变换光学方法和超材料理论设计了许多以平板龙伯透镜为代表的新型透镜天线。本文对比总结了变换光学设计透镜的3种方法,即坐标变换法、保角变换法和准保角变换法;指出了准保角变换法由于设计灵活、可使用全介电材料制备而更具研究和应用前景;详细阐述了准保角变换法设计透镜的原理和步骤;介绍了国内外关于透镜变换和制备具有影响力的研究成果;指出了变换光学透镜天线今后的研究方向。     

击中击不中变换在光学全息关联存储中的应用

应用形态击中周不中变换，提出了一种提高光学全息关联存储寻址准确性的方法，并给出了实验演示。     

光学可分离小波变换的研究

为改进光学小波变换,提出了光学可分离小波变换的概念。通过对光学小波变换的必要条件进行分析,采用层叠算法和二维可分离小波变换构造方法计算出了尺度和小波函数的二维离散近似序列。将新的母小波引入到光学小波变换中,获得了光学可分离小波变换。通过与现有光学小波变换及二维可分离离散小波变换进行比较说明了其优点。     

可编程光学击中击不中变换及其在模式识别中的应用

提出了一种利用击中击不中变换实现具有边缘噪声的模式的形态识别方法并给出计算模拟结果。利用一个非相干光学相关器，构成了一个实时可编程光学击中击不变处理器。演示了字符识别过程并给出了实验结果。     

基于矩变换的生物组织光学特性参量反演

针对漫射模型在近光源区具有较大模型误差,导致光学特性参量反演准确度较低的问题,提出了一种利用矩变换,改变原始数据形态,提高反演准确度的方法.比较了不同阶次条件下的光学特性参量反演准确度和拟合残差的统计分布状况,分析了不同信噪比下重构系数的相对误差.对25组数据的研究结果表明:3阶矩变换可显著提高两个光学参量(μa、μ′s)的估计准确度.在无噪音条件下,吸收系数μa重构的平均相对误差为7.04%;有效散射系数μ′s重构的平均相对误差为5.55%,相比于自然对数变换,μa降低了8.57%;μ′s降低了32.73%.在信号噪音满足一定条件情况下(大于50dB),3阶矩变换仍然能获得较高的光学参量反演准确度.矩变换方法能有效地提高光学特性参量反演估计准确度.     

光学膜层缺陷分布特征对损伤行为的影响

 对多层介质反射膜与单层化学增透膜的损伤形貌、损伤过程及膜层的吸收特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：缺陷除了可以从其形态和光学特征分类外,还可以按缺陷的功能来划分,即以缺陷的损伤阈值来区分不同缺陷的抗激光损伤能力。通过对缺陷吸收率的测量,表明膜层的损伤阈值与缺陷的分布密度和热吸收具有显著的一致性。通过对损伤阈值分布曲线研究,可以有效地对缺陷进行分级判断,从而分析光学元件表面功能性缺陷的分布状况。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.