磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构

首先简要地介绍了磁性材料中磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构以及相互之间的关系. 一方面, 磁畴结构由材料的磁结构、内禀磁性和微结构因素决定; 另一方面, 磁畴结构决定了材料磁化和退磁化过程以及技术磁性. 拓扑学与材料物理、材料性能的联系越来越紧密. 最近的研究兴趣集中在一些拓扑磁性组态, 如涡旋、磁泡、麦纫、斯格米子等. 研究发现这些拓扑磁结构的拓扑性质与磁性能密切相关. 然后从尺寸效应、缺陷、晶界三个方面介绍国际学术界在磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构方面的进展. 最后介绍了在稀土永磁薄膜材料的微观结构、磁畴结构和磁性能关系、交换耦合纳米盘中的拓扑磁结构及其动力学行为方面的工作. 通过对文献的评述, 得到以下结论: 开展各向异性纳米复合稀土永磁材料的研究对更好地利用稀土资源具有重要的意义. 可以有目的地改变材料的微结构, 可控地进行磁性材料的磁畴工程, 最终获得优秀的磁性能. 拓扑学的概念正在应用于越来越多的学科领域, 在越来越多的材料中发现拓扑学的贡献. 研究磁畴结构、拓扑磁性基态或者激发态的形成规律以及动力学行为对理解量子拓扑相变以及其他与拓扑相关的物理效应是十分重要的. 也会帮助理解不同拓扑学态之间相互作用的物理机制及其与磁性能之间的关系, 同时拓展拓扑学在新型磁性材料中的应用.     

ZnO一维纳米结构的形貌调控与亲疏水性研究

分别使用金属、半导体等类型的基片作沉积衬底,采用气相沉积的方法合成了多种ZnO一维纳米结构,如塔状结构、锥状结构、蘑菇状结构、环状结构等等.用扫描电镜,透射电镜等对合成产物的形貌和结构进行了研究,结果发现沉积衬底对合成产物形貌和结构有着重要的影响.同时对合成塔状纳米结构的生长机理做了系统地分析,并研究了其相应的亲疏水性能. 关键词： 纳米结构 气相沉积 形貌调控 结构表征     

锥形半导体激光器研究进展

锥形半导体激光器具有高功率、高光束质量等特点,因此受到广泛关注并成为研究热点。从3种结构(传统结构、分布式布拉格反射(DBR)结构、侧向光栅条纹结构)的锥形半导体激光器出发,对国内外近十年具有代表性研究成果进行综述,介绍其理论研究和实验进展,并对锥形半导体激光器的未来发展进行展望。     

半导体量子器件物理讲座 第一讲 异质结构和量子结构

随着半导体材料超薄层外延生长和微细加工技术的进展,人们已研制成功多种多样的半导体量子器件,以量子理论为基础,以半导体量子器件为研究对象,形成了一门新的学科－半导体量子电子学和量子光电子学,文章着重介绍半导体异质结构和量子结构,包括其能带结构、态密度分布等性质。     

镓原子链的结构稳定性和电子结构

使用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理赝势法,研究了Ga-原子链的结构稳定性和电子结构性质.结果表明,Ga原子可以形成线性链,平面之字型以及梯子型等一系列的一维链式结构．其中之字型结构最为稳定,其他结构均为亚稳的．通过第一原理计算的电子结构和JahnTeller 效应,讨论了这些结构的相对稳定性以及各链式结构的电子能带和电荷密度等性质．     

ZnO原子链的结构稳定性和电子性质的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势法,研究了ZnO原子链的结构稳定性和电子性质.结果表明：ZnO分子可以形成直线形结构、梯子形结构以及双梯子形结构等一维链式结构,而之字形链状结构是不能稳定存在的.计算结果也表明：这些稳定存在的一维原子链结构均表现出间接带隙的特征,而之字形结构的原子链却表现出了类似金属的能带特征. 关键词： 原子链 结构稳定性 电子结构 第一性原理计算     

多层级夹芯结构的变形与能量吸收

采用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法研究了多层级波纹板夹芯结构在准静态压缩载荷下的变形规律与能量吸收性能,建立了结构临界失效载荷的计算公式,并与数值模拟结果进行了对比,理论预测与数值模拟结果吻合较好。分析了芯层厚度对二级芯层结构在压缩载荷下的变形模式及能量吸收性能的影响,并与一级结构进行了对比。结果表明:二级芯层结构的能量吸收性能显著优于一级芯层结构;随着结构芯层厚度增加,二级结构的比吸能和载荷效率增大;芯层厚度较小时二级单层结构的比吸能高于二级双层和三层结构,二级双层结构的比吸能略高于二级三层结构。     

0～15 GPa外压下ZnO结构相变的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理的计算方法,结合热力学和弹性力学的计算详细分析0～15 GPa外压下ZnO的结构、弹性模量和电子结构.结果表明:在研究压强范围内,B4结构的ZnO能量始终比B3结构的低,但随着外压的增加,无论是B4结构还是B3结构,都会在一定压强下转变成B1结构.B4至B1的压强转变点为12.4 GPa,B3至B1的压强转变点是11.8 GPa.B4结构转变成B1结构的瞬间,体系体积缩小约17%.结果与已有的实验与理论结果相符.B4结构的ZnO剪切模量在6～8 GPa时急剧下降,与已有的实验和理论计算结果相符.电子结构特征表明,随着外压的增强,体系中Zn 3d电子与O 2p电子相互作用减弱.     

振动结构耦合动刚度的间接逆子结构辨识方法

耦合动刚度是复杂耦合结构振动分析中的一个非常关键的参数,其精确辨识对于结构振动特性评估与控制设计非常重要。为将逆子结构动态分析方法推广应用于振动结构耦合动刚度辨识,在建立了耦合动刚度逆子结构分析模型后,提供一种通过频率响应函数反演耦合结构动刚度的方法——间接逆子结构辨识法。最后采用单点和三点耦合二级子结构“质量-胶垫”实验模型,验证了逆子结构辨识方法的理论有效性,包括辨识精度的误差分析.实验与理论分析结果的一致性表明,与现有的直接逆子结构动态分析方法相比,该方法较常规辨识方法具有适用条件范围更宽、辨识精度更高的优点,可以提高工程结构参数的辨识精度,具有更好的工程应用可行性与有效性,为逆子结构动态分析方法辨识振动结构耦合动刚度进一步提供理论依据。      

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主要针对偏滤器的单元结构进行了设计,重点研究了靶板表面结构的尺寸以及偏滤器靶板和拱顶两种水冷结构的几何参数、流动参数等对偏滤器结构和性能的影响。在此基础上,确定偏滤器单元结构设计和优化的指导原则,并针对偏滤器靶板和拱顶的水冷结构进行了高热负荷的热工水力试验,对偏滤器冷却结构的换热性能进行试验评估。最后,对偏滤器单元在热载荷、电磁载荷和机械载荷共同作用下的结构应力和安全性进行分析。     

大庆油田和南阳油田采出水的分析

采用高压消解罐法消解处理样品,对大庆油田和南阳油田几个驱块的采出水样品进行了全离子分析.用ICP-AES测定了其中Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Ba、Sr、Mn、Si元素的含量.方法回收率在95.00%-106.00%,相对标准偏差小于2.15%.采用离子色谱测定了各驱采出水中Cl<'->、SO<,4><'2->含量,方...     

基于高光谱图像的生菜叶片水分预测研究

为了便于生菜合理施水管理,力求构建生菜叶片水分检测模型。采集生菜叶片获取高光谱图像并同时测量叶片含水率,分析高光谱图像寻求生菜叶片水分特征波段,处理特征波段处的波段图像,求取生菜叶片水分的图像特征,并通过相关性分析筛选出其中与水分相关性高的图像特征。由于图像特征之间存在可能的相关性,利用偏最小二乘PLS提取图像特征的主成分,作为具有回归预测能力的BP神经网络的输入,构建PLS-ANN模型。同时分别利用BP神经网络、传统的多元回归方法MLR建模,采用相同的样本数据分别对三种模型进行预测试验,结果表明,发棵期的PLS-ANN网络模型的生菜叶片水分预测平均误差率达到9.323%,比BP-ANN和MLR预测模型均有了改善。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究核辐照对三七总皂苷粉成分的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(卷积谱)法对经不同剂量y-射线核辐照的三七总皂苷粉进行了对比研究.辐照剂量不高于9kGy时,三七总皂苷粉样品的化学成分几乎没有发生变化;三七总皂苷粉样品经15kGy及以上的辐照剂量辐照后,可能产生新的化学成分;经21kGy的剂量辐照,三七总皂苷粉产生了人参、三七粉所含的普通成分(非三七总皂苷成分...     

ICP-AES分析茶叶中Mg和K含量的不确定度评定

对用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定茶叶中的金属元素Mg、K含量的不确定度来源进行分析和计算.其分析方法的标准不确定度主要来源包括物质称量、线性回归拟合、溶液稀释等过程,并依据不确定度的评定方法计算各不确定度分量,结果表示茶叶中Mg、K的含量依次为1773、16666mg/kg,标准不确定度依次为...     

Fabrication and characterization of fullerene/porphyrin bulk heterojunction solar cells

Fullerene/porphyrin bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated and, the electronic and optical properties were investigated. Effects of exciton-diffusion blocking layer of perylene derivative on the solar cells between active layer and metal layer were also investigated. Optimized structures with the exciton-diffusion blocking layer improved conversion efficiencies. Energy levels of the molecules were calculated and discussed. Nanostructures of the solar cells were investigated by X-ray and electron diffraction, which indicated formation of fullerene/porphyrin mixed crystals. Electronic structures of the molecules were investigated by molecular orbital calculation, and energy levels of the solar cells were discussed.     

聚苯乙烯多孔薄膜的密度梯度控制

利用单分散的SiO2微球自组装制备了含一种尺寸微球的SiO2胶体晶体和含多种尺寸微球的多层异质结构。对含一种尺寸微球的SiO2胶体晶体进行煅烧和刻蚀处理后,胶体晶体中空隙所占比例大于立方密堆结构的26%,形成了非密堆结构,而且刻蚀时间越长,空隙比例越大。在同样的热处理和刻蚀条件下,微球尺寸越小的胶体晶体被刻蚀的程度越高,结构中空气空隙所占的比例越大。对SiO2多层异质结构经过煅烧和刻蚀处理后,得到了空隙梯度变化的多层结构,以此为模板制备了密度梯度变化的聚苯乙烯多孔薄膜。薄膜各层之间形成了平滑的过渡,没有显示出明显的层间缺陷,且孔与孔之间没有出现3维有序多孔结构中常见的大的连通孔道。     

Preparation of Polymethylacrylic Acid Standard Samples for GPC Applications via a Precipitation Fractionation-Separated Step Hydrolysis Method

A series of polymethylacrylic acid (PMAA) standard samples were prepared from fractionated PMMA samples followed by a two-step hydrolysis. The six PMMA standard samples with narrow molecular weight distributions were produced by free radical polymerization and fractionated with toluene-petroleum ether. Their average molecular weights ranged from 3.1 × 10³ to 4.3 × 10⁴, dispersion coefficients were less than 1.5, and their gel permeation chromatography (GPC) peak shapes were symmetrical. The PMMA standard samples were dissolved in dioxane, and then hydrolyzed in a saturated NaOH-methanol solution for 24 h, the methanol then evaporated, and after that the PMMA samples were hydrolyzed in a 2 mol ·L ^?1 NaOH aqueous solution for 24 h. The ¹H-NMR results showed that the two-step hydrolysis degree was higher than 98.70%. The PMAA standard samples were obtained after acidifying the hydrolysates, namely polymethacrylic acid sodium salt, and their molecular weights were constant during the separation process. The acid–base titration results showed the purities of the PMAA samples were greater than 98.6%, and their molecular weight distributions were symmetrical and narrow. The molecular weights of the PMAA were determined by the stoichiometric relationship of the hydrolysis reaction. Compared with viscosimetry, the results of both methods were basically the same, and their errors were less than 10%.     

Vertebrae length and ultra-structure measurements of collagen fibrils and mineral content in the vertebrae of lordotic gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata)

Skeletal deformities of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are a major factor affecting the production cost, the external morphology and survival and growth of the fish. Adult individuals of S. aurata were collected from a commercial fish farm in Greece and were divided into two groups: one with the presence of lordosis, a skeletal deformity, and one without any skeletal deformity. Fishes were X-rayed, and cervical, abdominal and caudal vertebrae lengths were measured. Vertebrae were taken from the site of the vertebral column where lordosis occurred. One part was decalcified and prepared for collagen examination with transmission electron microscopy, and the rest were incinerated, and the Ca and P contents were measured. The stoichiometries of the samples were obtained by EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). The same procedure was followed for fish without skeletal deformities (vertebrae were taken from the middle region of the vertebral column). The decalcified vertebrae parts were examined with TEM, collagen micrographs were taken and the fibrils’ periods and diameters were measured. There were no significant differences for both Ca and P or the collagen fibrils’ periods between the two fish groups. The mean lengths of the cervical, abdominal and caudal vertebrae where lordosis occurred were similar to the lengths of the respective regions of the individuals without the skeletal deformity. The TEM examination showed a significantly smaller mean vertebrae collagen fibril diameter from the fishes with lordosis compared with those from the controls, revealing the significance of collagen to bone structure.     

ICP-MS测定中药煎制前后8种重金属元素的含量及溶出率

建立电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定5种药材及其水煎液中8种重金属元素Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Hg、Sb、Sn含量的方法。使用微波消解处理样品,研究并优化了微波消解条件,对电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪的各项技术参数进行了选择。方法表明,8种元素的检出限小于等于0.003μg/L,精密度在1.3%—3.0%,药材加标回收率在93.6%—100.2%,药材水煎液加标回收率在94.2%—103.5%,煎煮前后药材重金属溶出率0%—33.33%,表明中药煎煮过程重金属元素不易溶出。     

Shifts in Relative Prevalence of Laryngeal Pathology in a Treatment-Seeking Population

The prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population of southwestern Ohio underwent a 15-year reexamination. Relationships between pathology and demographic variables of age, gender, and occupation were investigated. Data were collected from 1,158 new patients seen by participating otolaryngologists between 1996 and 1998. The most frequent pathologies were reflux laryngitis, functional (including diagnoses of laryngeal myasthenia and hoarseness), vocal fold paralysis, nodules, and laryngitis. Pathologies were found to occur more often in females, with some pathologies more common to one gender. Pathologies occurred more often in the older age categories. The most common occupations found in the sample were retired persons, executives/managers, and homemakers. Comparisons were made to an earlier investigation of laryngeal pathology in the same otolaryngology practices. Differences from the previous study were noted in the prevalence of pathology and the distribution of demographic variables. Relationships between pathology and demographic variables reported by the two studies were examined for consistency.