电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中的总磷

建立了ICP-OES测定水中总磷的方法,并对最佳测试条件的选择进行了探讨.在优化条件下,总磷的校准曲线在0.1010mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系.在低、中、高3个添加水平,总磷的回收率为97.5％-101％,相对标准偏差为1.18％-2.13.本方法检出限为0.012mg/L.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定恩施富硒土壤中的总硒

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定恩施富硒土壤中的总硒,优化了各项实验条件,确定了最佳方法。在最佳实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.04μg/L,线性范围为0.12—80μg/L,RSD为0.87%。测得样品含量在3.449—115.070μg/g之间,回收率为97.8%—101.1%,方法简单、结果准确、重现性好,适合测定富硒土壤中的总硒含量。     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定卷烟辅料中汞

研究了氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定卷烟辅料中汞的方法,样品采用HNO3H2O2微波消解,然后以硼氢化钠为还原剂,用氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定卷烟辅料中的汞.在最佳微波消化条件和测定条件下,线性范围为0.06-200μg/L,检出限为0.01μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%-2.9%,回收率为97%-104%.结果令人满意.     

溴酸钾-猩红3B体系中催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于稀磷酸介质中亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化猩红3B的褪色反应,建立测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法.方法检出限为1.36×10-3μg/mL,线性范围为0.012-0.080μg/mL,回收率为98.8%-101.0%.方法已用于水中亚硝酸根的测定,结果令人满意.     

毛细管柱-顶空气相色谱法测定化妆品中的甲醇

建立了毛细管柱-自动顶空气相色谱法测定化妆品中甲醇的方法.研究了样品平衡温度、样品平衡时间、盐析剂等实验条件对测定结果的影响.甲醇含量在9.504-594.0mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）为0.99998.在50-250μg/g添加水平的回收率为90.4％-105.6％,检出限为49.9μg/g.实验结果证明,该方法适于化妆品中甲醇含量的检测.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的铅

研究了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测土壤中铅的适宜检测条件,建立了王水-HF-HClO4的消解体系。以草酸、氨磺酸铵、硫氢化钠为掩敝剂,用硼氢化钾为还原剂。本方法检出限为0.2μg/L,线性范围分别为0.5—30μg/L和5—250μg/L,相关系数均≥0.999,相对标准偏差在5%以内,可广泛应用于各类土壤中铅的测定。     

流动注射-鲁米诺-Ag(Ⅲ)化学发光法测定金银花中绿原酸

碱性介质中绿原酸对鲁米诺-Ag(Ⅲ)化学发光体系有显著增敏作用,在一定范围内,绿原酸的浓度与化学发光强度成正比.据此,结合流动注射技术,建立了绿原酸化学发光测定的新方法,并研究了影响化学发光强度的因素.在最优条件下测得方法的检出限为0.50μg/L,线性范围1.0-200.0μg/L.对25.0μg/L的绿原酸进行平行...     

自制固相微萃取涂层测定水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

用溶胶-凝胶法制备的离子液体键合固相微萃取(SPME)涂层,采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱法(HS-SPME-GC)测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs).优化了固相微萃取的实验条件.方法的检测限为0.0005-0.0500μg/L,线性范围在0.01-100μg/L.用该法测定了东湖水样、自来水及桶装水中PAEs的含量,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的含量在1.10-3.10μg/L,其他3种未检出.东湖水样的加标回收率为81.0％-98.6％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2％-9.2％.     

超声波提取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定稻米中的硒

建立了超声波提取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定稻米硒含量的分析方法,对仪器条件和反应条件进行了选择、优化.样品加硝酸-高氯酸(3+2)混酸,超声波提取20min,热消解.在铁氰化钾-盐酸体系中,采用校准曲线法定量分析.结果表明,大米标准物质中硒的测定值与标准值相吻合.该法线性范围为0-20μg/L,检出限为0.2μg/L,回收率为92.4％-103.9％,相对标准偏差为3.1％-5.8％.方法准确、灵敏、简便、快速,是测定稻米中硒含量的理想方法.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的微量钒

采用加入基体改进剂-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中微量钒.研究了不同基体改进剂对钒测定结果的影响,确定了石墨炉原子吸收测定钒的最佳条件.结果表明,采用镧为基体改进剂,在5%的HC1介质中进行钒的测定可获得满意的结果.方法的检出限为2.11μg/L,线性范围0-300.0 μg/L,相关系数r=0.9959.该方法用...     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.