激光拉曼指纹图谱鉴别石油产品初探

利用激光拉曼指纹图谱对石油产品进行特性测试与分析。通过比较主要指纹峰的拉曼位移和相同拉曼位移处的拉曼强度比值,鉴别了不同种类的石油产品;对不同社会加油站相同型号汽油的拉曼光谱进行测试,检测了汽油的质量。该方法在油品鉴别和质量检测中取得了良好效果,具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、对样品无损伤等优点。     

Bi2223长带临界电流不均匀性的检测

高温超导长带临界电流不均匀性的检测是实现高温超导带材大规模应用需要解决的一个问题。文中介绍了B i2223超导长带临界电流和n值不均匀性的检测方法,包括非接触检测法和四引线抽样检测法;并对四引线抽样检测法进行了仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明:这种方法工作量小、简单可行。     

高效液相色谱指纹图谱结合聚类分析法对不同产地穿心莲药材的质量评价

建立了穿心莲药材的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱,并对指纹图谱信息进行了数据化处理,为穿心莲药材的质量控制提供比较全面的评价方法。采用水浴回流法提取穿心莲药材中的主要成份,应用高效液相色谱分离-紫外检测法,选用Kromasil C₁₈色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,以含5%乙腈的甲醇溶液-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行线性梯度洗脱,检测波长260nm,确定了20个共有峰,并对不同产地的10批穿心莲药材指纹图谱进行了相似度比较和聚类分析,初步评价了药材质量优劣。方法具有良好的稳定性和重现性,可有效用于穿心莲药材的质量控制。     

海天复杂背景下红外目标的检测跟踪算法

在分析海天复杂背景下红外目标图像特征的基础上,提出适合该环境的红外目标检测算法.该算法采用行均值相减的方法抑制海平面非线性温度场的影响,并进行中值滤波处理.对于更加复杂的环境,选用数学形态滤波法抑制背景中的大面积云团或海浪,从而确定出目标区域来进行目标图像的分割及增强.同时,综合使用图像捕获区域指定、运动目标检测法、弱目标的增强提取、记忆外推功能、数据融合加权跟踪方法,来保证在海天复杂背景下红外目标的可靠跟踪.实验表明,该算法能较好地处理海天复杂背景下红外目标的检测,且算法易于硬件实现,提高目标检测的实时效率.     

表面等离子体共振传感技术应用于小分子检测

人体内的生物小分子对维持生命体健康具有重要影响,此类分子参与生命体的血液循环及免疫系统,因此检测生命体中生物小分子对研究小分子在生命体中的生理功能有着重要的意义。傅里叶变换-表面等离子体共振（Fourier transform-surface plasmon resonance,FT-SPR）光谱技术具有操作简便、灵敏度高、所需样品少、可实时检测等优点,近年越来越多应用于分子的检测。对于部分分子尤其是分子量非常小的生物小分子,FT-SPR直接检测法存在信号稳定性差、灵敏度不高等缺点,因此可以针对不同的检测目标构建系列SPR小分子生物传感器通过信号扩增弥补以上缺点。该研究分类并列举了用于小分子检测的SPR免疫传感器（直接检测法、“三明治”法、竞争检测法以及抑制检测法）、SPR分子印迹传感器以及其他基于SPR传感器,系统综述了SPR技术检测小分子的研究进展,并对其发展远景进行了展望。     

冷冲压阀片表面压痕精确检测方法

亮光构件表面缺陷引起的微小形状突变能够通过反射条纹的畸变凸显,因此反射条纹技术可应用于反光物体的表面质量检测。提出了一种基于反射条纹图像的冷冲压阀片表面压痕机器视觉检测方法,通过该方法提取阀片的条纹图像信息,并进行缺陷特征的自动识别。采用滤波去噪和多尺度Retinex算法等系列预处理方法提高图像质量,通过条纹中心线、子窗口像素和及投影向量等特征参量的选择降低计算的复杂度,增加计算系统的稳健性。实验结果表明:基于反射条纹图像的阀片表面压痕检测方法具有高精度、高效率等特点,实现了阀片表面细微压痕的有效识别,识别精度可达0.1mm,检测效率(单张检测目标耗时2s)可以满足阀片生产线的实际在线检测需求。     

基于主副瓣比加权的未知线谱目标检测方法研究

针对目标辐射线谱信号未知时的目标检测问题,依据水下目标辐射噪声含有高强度稳定线谱这一特征,该文提出了一种基于波束形成主副瓣比加权的宽带波束形成目标检测方法。该方法首先用二阶锥优化各频带波束形成,得到低旁瓣高增益波束形成;其次利用各频率单元波束形成主副瓣差异形成加权因子;然后利用加权因子对各频率单元波束形成进行加权统计,可以抑制背景噪声能量干扰,增强目标检测信噪比增益,克服传统线谱检测四维显示难点。理论分析和实验结果表明：该方法可以较好地增强目标线谱单元能量、抑制噪声、提高信噪比,改善能量累积检测法在远程目标检测方面的性能。     

一种基于弱监督学习的声图小目标快速检测方法*

小目标检测是声呐图像理解中最引人瞩目,同时又极具挑战性的任务之一。该文基于离散余弦变换和K-近邻聚类,提出了一种快速检测方法。离散余弦变换用于生成图像的指纹,是原始图像在二维频域的一种稀疏表达;改进的K-近邻模型对于带有标签数据的需求量相对较低,提升了算法的处理效率和对弱监督场景的适应性。经试验验证,该方法可在准确率和召回率之间达到一个恰当的平衡点,同时在实时成像的合成孔径声呐图像小目标检测中,获得了较为可靠的结果。     

基于改进DenseNet网络的室外太阳能电池板缺陷检测方法

太阳能电池板的表面是否完整无损对于其发电效率起着决定性的作用,传统的人工检测法、红外穿透检测法、机器视觉检测法等都存在各自的缺点.由于室外太阳能电池板具有图像获取难度大、样本数量小、样本相似度高等问题,大多深度学习算法并不能出色地完成室外太阳能电池板缺陷检测任务.针对该任务的特殊性,提出基于改进DenseNet网络模型...     

普洱生茶的HPLC指纹图谱

采用Phenomenex synergi色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,4μm）,乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL.min^-1,检测波长210nm。对10批不同产地、不同生产年限普洱生茶样品进行处理,运用中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件,建立了该普洱生茶的HPLC指纹图谱;与绿茶指纹图谱比较,存在较大的差异,该法简单精确,为控制普洱生茶的质量提供了依据。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.