开槽前扩孔及复合角对气膜冷却的影响

本文对开槽前扩孔及在此基础上加30°、45°和60°不同角度复合角的气膜冷却结构进行了数值模拟,计算了指定冷却壁面的温度场分布以及冷却效率.结果表明:引入复合角后,能够改善冷却气膜在壁面的横向分布,复合角越大,气膜分布越均匀.在高吹风比下,复合角结构能够产生较大的气膜覆盖范围和较好的冷却效果.     

不同复合角对平板气膜冷却特性影响的实验研究

本文对不同复合角的典型单排孔冷却结构的平板气膜冷却特性进行了实验研究,研究对象为α为30°,β分别为30°、45°、60°的射流孔板,对它们在不同吹风比条件下的绝热气膜冷却效率分布特性进行了分析.实验结果表明,所有复合角条件下的冷却性能都优于相同条件下的简单角; M=0.5、β=60°时的冷却性能明显优于其他两个复合角;M=1.0时.三者的下游横向平均冷却效率相差不大; M=1.5、β=30°时的冷却性能最优.     

射流注入角对平板气膜冷却特性影响的实验研究

本文对不同射流注入角的典型单排孔冷却结构的平板气膜冷却特性进行了实验研究,研究对象为轴线与主流来流方向分别成30°、60°、90°的射流孔板,对它们在吹风比为0.5、1.0、1.5条件下的射流孔下游的绝热气膜冷却效率分布特性进行了分析.在吹风比M=0.5时,三个射流注入角条件下近孔区域都能形成较好的冷气覆盖效果;M=1.0时,三者的下游横向平均冷却效率基本相同;M=1.5时,注入角60°的条件下冷却效果最好.     

横流下前向与反向复合角沟槽孔气膜冷却效率

利用红外热像技术实验分析了横流比(Cr=0.08,0.16)和吹风比(BR=0.5,1.0,2.0)对横向沟槽内反向和前向复合角气膜孔的气膜覆盖特性的影响。数据对比指出:沟槽、复合角度和反向冷气出流对于前向简单孔所发生的射流分离现象存在明显的抑制作用,有利于提高气膜覆盖。复合角度在大腔进气(Cr=0)时会引起冷却效率偏转,而横流进气可以有效抑制冷却效率的偏转,使得气膜在横流方向分布更加均匀。在相同横流比时,小吹风比导致反向孔的整体气膜覆盖优于前向孔,大吹风比下情况相反。小横流比时,120°沟槽孔在各吹风比呈现出最好的气膜覆盖,较简单角孔而言,效率提高约42%;大横流比时,60°沟槽孔在各吹风比呈现出最好的气膜覆盖,效率提高约26%。     

斜孔气膜冷却数值模拟分析

本文通过数值模拟分析圆柱孔和扩散孔的单斜孔气膜冷却特性,考察复合角、孔型和吹风比对流场和气膜冷却效果的影响。结果表明,复合角的引入使气膜侧向分布更宽,但冷却效果沿主流方向衰减更快。适中吹风比得到的气膜能更有效的保护壁面。在相同吹风比和复合角条件下,扩散孔的气膜冷却效率比圆柱孔更好,且冷却更为均匀持久。     

带标量修正的气膜冷却各向异性湍流模型

本文采用作者提出的带标量修正的代数各向异性湍流模型,对平板带复合角气膜冷却在带横槽/不带横槽情况下的流动传热进行了研究.通过比较不同工况下的流动传热预测结果,讨论了湍流动量、标量输运对于气膜冷却预测的影响.各向异性修正的雷诺应力项能减弱各向同性湍流模型所带来的肾形涡系强度过预测的问题。而各向异性的湍流标量扩散项则能有效地将雷诺应力和温度梯度对于湍流标量扩散系数的影响体现出来。结果表明带标量修正的各向异性湍流模型能很好地提高气膜冷却的预测精度.     

圆孔与侧扩孔气膜冷却的大涡模拟

本文对圆孔和带有侧向扩散出口的侧扩孔气膜冷却进行了大涡模拟计算,对温度场和流场的发展进行了比较和分析.计算结果表明,圆孔形成的成股的冷却射流,与壁面分离明显,使得高温主流被卷席入气膜区域;侧扩孔所形成的冷却气膜没有脱离壁面,并且通过两侧的小股冷却气膜扩宽了横向扩散,可以很好地将高温主流排挤到气膜的两侧,因此可以获得更好的冷却保护效果.     

气膜冷却计算中湍流黏性系数的修正

燃气轮机高温叶片气膜冷却中的复杂涡系结构使得流动传热很难被准确预测.本文基于平板气膜冷却数值和实验研究结果,指出雷诺平均算法中常用的湍流模型在射流侧向输运和二次涡的捕捉上具有相当的局限性.文中对湍流黏性系数提出了各向异性对数率涡黏模型(ALEV模型)修正,基于ALEV模型修正后的湍流模型增强了射流的侧向输运,减弱了二次...     

凸表面单排孔30°喷射气膜冷却流场近场特性的实验研究

本文对弯曲通道凸壁面单排孔30°喷射时气膜冷却流场的近场特性作了比较精细的测量,测量的数据包括壁面静压分布、速度矢分布及气膜冷却有效温比分布。测量表明,弯曲通道凸壁面上30°喷射时对流场的干扰,在孔近场区是显著的,在孔下游约一倍孔径的范围内,流向及侧向的压力变化均甚大;而在进一步下游,主流绕流射流所产生的结构复杂的“绕流区”也是明显的.由于壁面曲率的影响,射流贴附壁面的程度,在M<1.0时,要优于平壁;而当M>1.0时,由于射流的“穿透”作用,其附壁程度又劣于平壁.在X/D>10之后,射流产生的扰动已趋衰减,射流的侧向扩散使流场的三维特征逐渐消失,而接近于二维连续缝槽气膜冷却流场的规律.在本试验条件下,M=0.5左右,可以获得最佳的气膜冷却效果。     

气膜孔内流动结构对冷却效率的影响

涡轮叶片气膜孔内的流场结构对气膜射流下游的流动有着明显的影响。本文应用数值模拟的方法计算了平板上四种气膜冷却结构的孔内涡流场,从而分析气膜孔内涡结构对气膜冷却效率的作用规律。结果表明:当射流进入气膜孔并发生偏转时,气膜孔内会生成不同强度的旋转涡对;此对涡会导致气膜孔内射流能量的损失,并对主流内的肾型涡产生作用。当孔内涡对与主流肾型涡转向相同时,主流肾型涡湍流强度增加,气膜冷却效率下降;反之,当孔内涡转向与主流肾型涡相反时,主流肾型涡湍流强度降低,气膜冷却效率提升。通过对孔内涡结构的优化,文中所提的两种气膜孔改型结构能够有效地提高气膜冷却效率。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.