Frequency‐sensitive switching control effect induced by two‐photon resonance in an EIT‐based layered medium

The optical response of an atomic vapor can be coherently manipulated by tunable quantum interference occurring in atomic transition processes. A periodic layered medium whose unit cells consist of a dielectric and an EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) atomic vapor is designed for light propagation manipulation. Such an EIT‐based periodic layered medium exhibits a flexible frequency‐sensitive optical response, where a very small change in probe frequency can lead to a drastic variation of reflectance and transmittance. As the destructive quantum interference relevant to two‐photon resonance arises in EIT atoms interacting with both control and probe fields, the controllable optical processes that depend sensitively on the external control field will take place in this EIT‐based periodic layered medium. Such a frequency‐sensitive and field‐controlled optical behavior of reflection and transmission in the EIT photonic crystal can be applicable to designs of new devices such as photonic switches, photonic logic gates and photonic transistors, where one laser field can be controlled by the other one, and would have potential applications in the areas of integrated optical circuits and other related techniques (e.g., all‐optical instrumentations).     

两腔级联纠缠增强的理论分析

高纠缠度的纠缠源是实现高保真度量子信息传输与处理的保障,因为受到光学元器件自身性能不完美的限制,通过有效的操控手段来提高光场的纠缠度是十分必要的.连续变量Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场可以利用工作在阈值以下的非简并光学参量放大器来获得.将两个非简并光学参量放大器级联,可以利用第二个光学腔来操控第一个光学腔输出的纠缠态光场,在一定条件下实现光场的纠缠增强.本文通过理论分析设计出两种光学腔级联的实验系统,其中,纠缠产生装置采用具有三共振结构的半整块驻波腔,输出到目前为止世界上单腔获得两组份纠缠态光场纠缠度的最高值,操控光学腔采用驻波腔或四镜环形腔的结构.详细对比分析了不同结构的操控腔对纠缠增强效果的影响,得出利用不同腔形作为操控腔的最佳实验方案.同时分析了级联腔输出光场的纠缠度随不同物理参量的变化关系,得出进一步优化的最佳实验系统参量,为实验获得更高纠缠度的纠缠态光场提供了依据.     

半导体三量子点中的多透明窗口及弱光孤子的调控

考虑半导体量子点间隧穿耦合效应,研究非对称半导体三量子点分子中的弱探测光的传播特性。线性情况下,由于点间隧穿耦合和外部控制光的协同调控,探测光的吸收特性将出现共振吸收、隧穿诱导透明单窗口、隧穿诱导透明双窗口及隧穿诱导透明三窗口的转变。此外,从反常色散到正常色散的开关效应可通过改变隧穿强度及光学控制场强度来实现。对于非线性情况,发现孤子的振幅随着点间隧穿耦合系数增大呈先增大再减小随即再次增大并减小的波动变化趋势且出现最大振幅及其对应的点间隧穿耦合强度随着外部控制光场的增大而减小。此外,发现孤子的群速度随着耦合强度的增加呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

光纤中单光子传输方程的求解及分析

量子信息在光纤中传输时,会受到光纤损耗、色散、非线性效应等多因素的影响,将产生传输态的演化与能量转移.本文以单模光纤传输方程以及电磁场量子化理论为基础,对单模光纤中基模模场进行量子化处理,推导并建立了考虑损耗、色散、非线性效应后的单光子传输方程.基于微扰法对单光子非线性传输方程进行了求解,给出了稳定解存在的必要条件及其所满足的色散方程.深入讨论了广域光功率随微扰频率的变化关系,并且分析了光纤色散、非线性效应对解的影响.为量子光纤传输系统性能的深入研究奠定了理论基础.     

由相干制备原子系统构成的理想光学介质

电磁感应透明(electromagnetically induced transparency,EIT)发生时所伴随的效应(如可控的线性吸收和色散,可控的非线性增强)是理想光学介质所必需的重要特性。通过理解这种相干制备的多能级原子系统的线性和非线性特征,人们能够更好地设计和利用这种新颖的光学介质,并将其应用到光通信和量子信息处理中。文章简单介绍了与EIT有关的原子介质的基本(线性和非线性)光学特性,并简单评价了几个令人感兴趣的应用。     

Coherent effect of triple-resonant optical parametric amplification inside a cavity with injection of a squeezed vacuum field

In theory, we study the quantum tluctuatlons ot tlae suDllarmonlc renecteu nela Irom a ulplc-rc~ulltUtt IdU~ClIClatC optical parametric amplifier （OPA） inside an optical cavity. We discuss two cases, where the linewidth of the harmonic field is either much narrower or broader than the subharmonic field. Since an electromagnetically-induced-transparency （EIT）-like effect can be simulated in a triple-resonant OPA, the output spectra from a triple-resonant OPA with a squeezed vacuum input may simulate the phenomenon of the response of an EIT medium for squeezed states. This scheme can be implemented with present experimental setups.     

光学-射频双光子耦合作用下的电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收

在通常的Λ型三能级系统中,光学耦合场和探测场分别激发两个不同的光学跃迁,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导透明(EIT)特性.若将此系统拓展为光学-射频双光子耦合场和探测场共同作用下的准Λ型四能级系统,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导吸收(EIA)和EIT两种特性.通过求解系统的密度矩阵方程,分析了EIA和EIT的产生条件,并给出了相应的缀饰态解释.研究结果表明,在准Λ型四能级系统中,光学耦合场对EIA和EIT的形成起决定作用,共振时出现EIA,非共振时出现EIT,而且EIA和EIT的线宽随着光学耦合场拉比频率的增大而增加. 关键词： 电磁诱导透明 电磁诱导吸收 射频场 光学耦合场     

Analysis of space off-axis and performance of Cassegrain optical antenna system

The research of optical antenna is of greatest importance in the field of modern optical communication. For optical antenna, alignment of optical system is a significant factor, which influences the transmission quality of optical antenna system. Antenna off-axis is one of the important factors influencing the transmission quality of optical antenna system. In this paper, we analyze and numerically simulate how power attenuation ratio and gain of Cassegrain antenna vary with the antenna deflection angle and the distance that the central axis of receiving antenna deviates from z-axis, when space off-axis happens to the system. Finally, the coupling efficiency of Cassegrain antenna is tested experimentally, and the results show that the coupling efficiency of the Cassegrain antenna dramatically reduces in the case of off-axis. These studies provide a theoretical basis for optical antenna system to achieve accurate alignment in optical communication.     

冷原子系综中两正交光场偏振模高效率存储的实验研究

高效率光量子信息存储是可扩展光量子信息处理的一个重要工具.本文对一个冷原子系综中两正交光场偏振模的高效率存储进行了实验研究.通过在雪茄型冷原子系统上施加一个中等强度的磁场,消除了原子Zeeman子能级的简并性,从而使磁敏感自旋波从电磁感应透明系统中被移出,由此完成了两正交光场偏振模高效率、长寿命的量子存储.实验测量了两偏振模存储效率与存储时间以及实验重复频率的关系,结果表明,随着重复频率的增加,存储效率逐渐降低,在10 Hz时,测量得到两偏振模存储效率为30%,同时存储寿命达到3 ms.测量结果为偏振纠缠在冷原子系统中的存储提供了重要的实验基础.     

Perfect optical nonreciprocity in a double-cavity optomechanical system

Nonreciprocal devices are indispensable for building quantum networks and ubiquitous in modern communication technology. Here, we propose to take advantage of the interference between optomechanical interaction and linearly-coupled interaction to realize optical nonreciprocal transmission in a double-cavity optomechanical system. Particularly, we have derived essential conditions for perfect optical nonreciprocity and analysed properties of the optical nonreciprocal transmission. These results can be used to control optical transmission in quantum information processing.     

Theoretical simulation of ~(87)Rb absorption spectrum in a thermal cell

In this paper,we present a theoretical simulation of ~(87)Rb absorption spectrum in a thermal cm-cell which is adaptive to the experimental observation.In experiment,the coupling and probe beams are configured to copropagate but perpendicular polarized,making up to five velocity selective optical pumping(VSOP) absorption dips able to be identified.A A-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) is also observed for each group of velocity-selected atoms.The spectrum by only sweeping the probe beam can be decomposed into a combination of Doppier-broadened background and three VSOP dips for each group of velocity-selected atoms,accompanied by an EIT peak.This proposed theoretical model can be used to simulate the spectrum adaptive to the experimental observation by the non-linear least-square fit method.The fit for the high quality of experimental observation can determine valuable transition parameters such as decaying rates and coupling beam power accurately.     

利用腔内四能级原子相干效应实现全光学信号存储

在光学腔与四能级原子组成的非线性光学双稳系统中，利用调谐于不同能级附近的控制信号光脉冲可以使光学腔模产生“IT”或“负”的非线性相移，从而实现了光学双稳迟滞曲线的受控移动及双稳“高态”与“低态”之间的可控跃变，基于上述效应，完成了光学信号的全光存储与腔输出状态的低功率控制开关．这一结果为全光及量子信息处理提供了新的可供利用的物理机制．     

Controllable shape-matched propagation of two signal beams in a double-Λ atomic ensemble

We study a four-level double-Λ atomic ensemble interacting with two time-dependent signal fields and two stationary control fields. Though, in each Λ channel, a pair of signal and control fields couple resonantly with the two lower levels of atoms, the occurrences of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is affected by the coherence of the four fields. In the discussion of atomic susceptibilities, we show that the quantum coherence between the two lower levels can be either formed or released according to the phase matching of the four fields. We analyze the propagation equation of the two signal fields, and find two characteristic solutions: the stationary transmission wave and the transient decay wave. The former corresponds to a correlated EIT effect in which two signal pulses are shape-matched. The latter is an opposite effect to the correlated EIT in which two pulses quench simultaneously, thus named as the correlated two-signal absorption (CTSA). We propose the CTSA condition in correspondence with the EIT condition. The numerical simulation shows that the double-Λ configuration is capable of manipulating synchronous optical signals and thus provides multiplicity and versatility in quantum information process.     

微环耦合谐振光波导中的色散控制模型与数值仿真

本文利用传输矩阵法得到了微环耦合谐振光波导的色散关系,讨论了耦合损耗、传输损耗及耦合系数对微环耦合谐振光波导色散的影响,改变耦合损耗、传输损耗及耦合系数可控制其色散曲线的形状、位置、以及带宽,色散曲线的变化及控制对微环耦合谐振光波导在滤波、光信号延迟及缓存等方面的应用有重要意义. 关键词： 光波导 微环光波导 传输矩阵法     

Ultrafast GaN/AlN modulator based on quantum dot for terabit all-optical communication

An ultrafast all-optical modulator based on spherical quantum dot using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) technique in GaN/AlN structure, associated with inter-sublevel transitions, is proposed and analyzed. The aim of this paper is to modify and enhance the main parameters of an all-optical modulator such as, power consumption, modulation depth, maximum bit-rate and band-width. To realize these points, we have proposed a suitable quantum dot structure based on EIT in a strained GaN/AlN, with an internal barrier. Simulations show this barrier enhances the dot optical properties, such as dipole matrix element, linear susceptibility, and hence absorption coefficient, reducing the power consumption and increasing the modulation depth. Furthermore, using control signal in EIT process, carriers are driven from an upper state to a lower state from where they rapidly decay to the ground state increasing the modulation bit-rate and band-width.     

Nanoscale solid-state single photon router

A novel scheme for a solid-state single-photon router based on a single quantum dot (QD) coupled to a nanomechanical resonator (NR) is proposed and analyzed theoretically. It relies on the coherent coupling between the quantum dot and the NR. We demonstrate that when a single-photon signal is tuned on resonance with the exciton in the QD, one can use a strong pump field to choose to what output port of this signal field is delivered, which is based on the analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect which we refer it as phonon induced transparency (PIT) in this coupled system. The path between the reflection output port and the transmission output port can be achieved by simply turning off and on the pump field. The numerical results also indicate that this router can operate efficiently in the optical regime and at ultralow pump power as well as short switching time (～ns). This nanoscale router presented here will offer potential applications in scalable solid-state quantum networks and quantum information.     

甚长波量子阱红外探测器光栅耦合的研究

采用平面波展开的散射矩阵方法研究n型甚长波量子阱红外探测器的二维衍射光栅，并同时从实验方面研究了其红外透射光谱.研究表明，n型量子阱器件的光栅耦合是传输场和倏逝场共同作用的结果.对于n型量子阱红外探测器的光栅耦合，光栅周期、光栅深度和占空比三者之间相互影响；要达到好的光学耦合效果，需要根据量子阱器件的峰值探测波长选择合适的光栅参数. 关键词： n型量子阱红外探测器 二维光栅 光耦合     

Steady-state linear optical properties and Kerr nonlinear optical response of a four-level quantum dot with phonon-assisted transition

The linear optical properties and Kerr nonlinear optical response in a four-level loop configuration Ga As/Al Ga As semiconductor quantum dot are analytically studied with the phonon-assisted transition(PAT). It is shown that the changes among a single electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) window, a double EIT window and the amplification of the probe field in the absorption curves can be controlled by varying the strength of PAT κ. Meanwhile, double switching from the anomalous dispersion regime to the normal dispersion regime can likely be achieved by increasing the Rabi energy of the external optical control field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the group velocity of the probe field can be practically regulated by varying the PAT and the intensity of the optical control field. In the nonlinear case, it is shown that the large SPM and XPM can be achieved as linear absorption vanishes simultaneously, and the PAT can suppress both third-order self-Kerr and the cross-Kerr nonlinear effect of the QD. Our study is much more practical than its atomic counterpart due to its flexible design and the controllable interference strength, and may provide some new possibilities for technological applications.     

Another model for a multiexcitonic quantum dot in an optical microcavity

Very recently, a multiexcitonic quantum dot in an optical microcavity have been theoretically studied [Herbert Vincka, Boris A. Rodriguez, and Augusto Gonzalez, Physica E, 2006, 35: 99–102]. However, due to the inevitable damping losses through the microcavity, in this work, we will present a more precise and sound model in the Lindblad form master equation to investigate the photonic properties of a single quantum dot (QD) in an optical microcavity system, in which the QD may confine the multiexcitons and be in resonant interaction with a single photonic mode of an optical microcavity. The excitation energies, and the properties of the emission photon from the QD microcavity are computed as functions of the exciton-photon coupling strength, detuning, and pump rate. We further compare our results with their results, and find that the calculated intensity of the emitted photon and the spectra crucially depend on the exciton-photon coupling strength g, the photon detuning, and the number of excitons in the QD. Finally, we will give a physical mechanism of the dressed-state picture for the strong coupling between the single mode of an optical microcavity and the QD emitters to explain the details of the emission photon spectra. Our study establishes useful guidelines for the experimental study of such multiexcitonic quantum dot in an optical microcavity system.      

Influences of control coherence and decay coherence on optical bistability in a semiconductor quantum well

We discuss the influences of two different types of mechanisms of quantum coherence on optical bistability in a semiconductor quantum well structure.In the first mechanism,only quantum coherence induced by the resonant coupling of a strong control laser is considered.In the second mechanism,the decay coherence is taken into account under the condition where the control field is weak.In two different cases,optical bistability can be obtained through choosing appropriate physical parameters.Our studies show quantum coherence makes the optical nonlinear effect of the system become stronger,which takes an important role in the process of generating optical bistability.A semiconductor quantum well with flexibility and easy integration in design could potentially be exploited in real solid-state devices.