Robustness of the unidirectional stripe order in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5

V-based kagome materials AV₃Sb₅ (A=K, Rb, Cs) have attracted much attention due to their novel properties such as unconventional superconductivity, giant anomalous Hall effect, charge density wave (CDW) and pair density wave. Except for the 2a₀×2a₀ CDW (charge density wave with in-plane 2×2 superlattice modulation) in AV₃Sb₅, an additional 1×4 (4a₀) unidirectional stripe order has been observed at the Sb surface of RbV₃Sb₅ and CsV₃Sb₅. However, the stability and electronic nature of the 4a₀ stripe order remain controversial and unclear. Here, by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), we systematically study the 4a₀ stripe order on the Sb-terminated surface of CsV₃Sb₅. We find that the 4a₀ stripe order is visible in a large energy range. The STM images with positive and negative bias show contrast inversion, which is the hallmark for the Peierls-type CDW. In addition, below the critical temperature about 60 K, the 4a₀ stripe order keeps unaffected against the topmost Cs atoms, point defects, step edges and magnetic field up to 8 T. Our results provide experimental evidences on the existence of unidirectional CDW in CsV₃Sb₅.     

Evolution of superconductivity and charge order in pressurized RbV3Sb5

The kagome metals AV₃Sb₅(A=K,Rb,Cs)under ambient pressure exhibit an unusual charge order,from which superconductivity emerges.In this work,by applying hydrostatic pressure using a liquid pressure medium and carrying out electrical resistance measurements for RbV₃Sb₅,we find that the charge order becomes suppressed under a modest pressure pc(1.4 GPa3Sb₅.Our findings point to qualitatively similar temperature-pressure phase diagrams in KV₃Sb₅ and RbV₃Sb₅,{and suggest a close link}between the second superconducting dome and the high-pressure resistance anomalies.     

A density-wave-like transition in the polycrystalline V3Sb2 sample with bilayer kagome lattice

Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties of a bilayer kagome lattice compound V₃Sb₂.The polycrystalline V₃Sb₂ samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state-reaction method in a sealed quartz tube at temperatures below 850℃.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity revealed consistently a density-wave-like transition at Tdw≈160 K with a large thermal hysteresis,even though some sample-dependent behaviors were observed presumably due to the different preparation conditions.Upon cooling through Tdw,no strong anomaly in lattice parameters and no indication of symmetry lowering were detected in powder x-ray diffraction measurements.This transition can be suppressed completely by applying hydrostatic pressures of about 1.8 GPa,around which no sign of superconductivity was observed down to 1.5 K.Specific-heat measurements revealed a relatively large Sommerfeld coefficientγ=18.5 mJ·mol^-1·K^-2,confirming the metallic ground state with moderate electronic correlations.Density functional theory calculations indicate that V₃Sb₂ shows a non-trivial topological crystalline property.Thus,our study makes V₃Sb₂ a new candidate of metallic kagome compound to study the interplay between density-wave-order,nontrivial band topology,and possible superconductivity.     

Surface-induced orbital-selective band reconstruction in kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5

The two-dimensional (2D) kagome superconductor CsV₃Sb₅ has attracted much recent attention due to the coexistence of superconductivity, charge orders, topology and kagome physics, which manifest themselves as distinct electronic structures in both bulk and surface states of the material. An interesting next step is to manipulate the electronic states in this system. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) evidence for a surface-induced orbital-selective band reconstruction in CsV₃Sb₅. A significant energy shift of the electron-like band around Γ and a moderate energy shift of the hole-like band around M are observed as a function of time. This evolution is reproduced in a much shorter time scale by in-situ annealing of the CsV₃Sb₅ sample. Orbital-resolved density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the momentum-dependent band reconstruction is associated with different orbitals for the bands around Γ and M, and the time-dependent evolution points to the change of sample surface that is likely caused by the formation of Cs vacancies on the surface. Our results indicate the possibility of orbital-selective control of the band structure via surface modification, which may open a new avenue for manipulating exotic phenomena in this material system, including superconductivity.     

Pressure tuning of the anomalous Hall effect in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5

Controlling the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)inspires potential applications of quantum materials in the next generation of electronics.The recently discovered quasi-2D kagome superconductor CsV₃Sb₅ exhibits large AHE accompanying with the charge-density-wave(CDW)order which provides us an ideal platform to study the interplay among nontrivial band topology,CDW,and unconventional superconductivity.Here,we systematically investigated the pressure effect of the AHE in CsV₃Sb₅.Our high-pressure transport measurements confirm the concurrence of AHE and CDW in the compressed CsV₃Sb₅.Remarkably,distinct from the negative AHE at ambient pressure,a positive anomalous Hall resistivity sets in below 35 K with pressure around 0.75 GPa,which can be attributed to the Fermi surface reconstruction and/or Fermi energy shift in the new CDW phase under pressure.Our work indicates that the anomalous Hall effect in CsV₃Sb₅ is tunable and highly related to the band structure.     

Tri-hexagonal charge order in kagome metal CsV3Sb5 revealed by 121Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance

We report ¹²¹Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR)measurements on kagome superconductor CsV₃Sb₅ with Tc=2.5 K.¹²¹Sb NQR spectra split after a charge density wave(CDW)transition at 94 K,which demonstrates a commensurate CDW state.The coexistence of the high temperature phase and the CDW phase between 91 K and 94 K manifests that it is a first order phase transition.The CDW order exhibits tri-hexagonal deformation with a lateral shift between the adjacent kagome layers,which is consistent with 2×2×2 superlattice modulation.The superconducting state coexists with CDW order and shows a conventional s-wave behavior in the bulk state.     

重费米子超导与竞争序

与其他非常规超导系列相比, 重费米子超导体往往具有丰富多样的竞争序, 超导与各种竞争序相伴而生, 电子配对与反铁磁涨落、铁磁涨落、价态涨落、电四极矩涨落等量子临界涨落密切相关, 扩充了非常规超导的研究内容. 重费米子材料中的f电子往往同时参与超导与各种竞争序的形成, 表现出局域与巡游的二重性. 重费米子二流体理论为理解重费米子超导与竞争序的关系提供了新的思路.     

Substitution Effects on MgB2 Superconductivity

With the help of supercell method, the first-principle calculations were performed for the study of doping crystal Mg_1-xAl_xB₂ and Mg(B_1-yC_y)₂. Analyzing the variations of the charge distribution and the partial densities of states, we found that the compounds with doping Al to MgB₂ compound and/or replacing boron by carbon exhibit new covalent bond effects and unexpected electronic properties, related to superconductivity. The study of the density of states indicates that superconductivity decreases with the increase of Al fraction and carbon concentration. There exists a transition of superconductor to non-superconductor with the change of Al doping fraction. The substitution of boron by carbon results in the decrease of the transition temperature since the decrease of the electron concentration and the lattice constant. The theoretical predictions agree with experimental observations.     

ZnSb掺杂的Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜的相变性能研究

本文采用双靶(ZnSb靶和Ge₂Sb₂Te₅靶)共溅射制备了系列ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅(GST)薄膜. 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、原位等温/变温电阻测量、X射线光电子能谱等测试研究了薄膜样品的非晶形态、电学及原子成键特性. 利用等温原位电阻测试表明ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更高的结晶温度. 采用Arrhenius 公式计算发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的十年数据保持温度均高于传统的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的88.9℃. 薄膜在200, 250, 300和350℃ 下退火后的X射线衍射图谱表明ZnSb的掺杂抑制了Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜从fcc态到hex态的转变. 通过对薄膜的光电子能谱和透射电镜分析可知Zn, Sb, Te原子之间键进行重组, 形成Zn–Sb 和Zn–Te 键, 且构成非晶物质存在于晶体周围. 采用相变静态检测仪测试样品的相变行为发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更快的结晶速度. 特别是(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜, 其结晶温度达到250℃, 十年数据保持温度达到130.1℃, 并且在70 mW激光脉冲功率下晶化时间仅～64 ns, 远快于传统Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的晶化时间～280 ns. 以上结果表明(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜是一种热稳定性好且结晶速度快的相变存储材料.     

压力下碱金属铁硒基超导体中的现象与物理

在凝聚态物理研究中, 压力作为对物质状态调控的独立变量得到了广泛的应用. 压力对发现物质的新现象、新规律及对其形成机理的理解和对相关理论的验证起到了重要的作用, 尤其在超导电性的研究中取得了巨大的成功. 文章简要的介绍了通过利用压力手段对具有相分离结构的碱金属铁硒基超导体A_xFe_2-ySe₂ (A=K, Rb, Tl/Rb)开展的系列研究所取得的实验结果, 以及其他一些文献中报道的在此方面的主要实验与理论研究工作, 包括压力导致的超导再进入现象和其产生的量子临界机理、其特有的反铁磁绝缘体相在该类超导体实现超导电性中的作用、化学负压力对超导电性的影响、构成该类超导体的反铁磁序与其寄居的超晶格的关系等.     

Stability,electronic structure,and optical properties of lead-free perovskite monolayer Cs3B2X9(B=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)and bilayer vertical heterostructure Cs3B2X9/Cs3B’2X9(B,B’=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)

The lead-free perovskites Cs₃B₂X₉(B=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)as the popular photoelectric materials have excellent optical properties with lower toxicity.In this study,we systematically investigate the stable monolayer Cs₃B₂X₉and bilayer vertical heterostructure Cs₃B₂X₉/Cs3B02X9(B,B0=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)via first-principles simulations.By exploring the electrical structures and band edge positions,we find the band gap reduction and the band type transition in the heterostructure Cs₃B₂X₉/Cs3B02X9 due to the charge transfer between layers.Furthermore,the results of optical properties reveal light absorption from the visible light to UV region,especially monolayer Cs3Sb2I9 and heterostructure Cs3Sb2I9/Cs3Bi2I9,which have absorption peaks in the visible light region,leading to the possibility of photocatalytic water splitting.These results provide insights for more two-dimensional semiconductors applied in the optoelectronic and photocatalytic fields.     

Li2C2中电声耦合及超导电性的第一性原理计算研究

通过第一性原理密度泛函和超导Eliashberg理论计算, 我们研究了Li₂C₂在Cmcm相的电子结构和电声耦合特性, 预言这种材料在常压和5GPa下是由电声耦合导致的转变温度分别为13.2 K 和9.8 K的超导体, 为实验上探索包含一维碳原子链的材料中是否可能存在超导电性、发现新的超导体提供了理论依据. 如果理论所预言的Li₂C₂超导电性得到实验的证实, 这将是锂碳化物中转变温度最高的超导体, 高于实验观测到的LiC₂的1.9 K和理论预言的单层LiC₆的8.1 K超导转变温度.     

Magnetic and transport properties of some U3T3X4-compounds (T = Co, Ni, Cu and X = Sb, Sn)

We have prepared and studied a new series of isostructural U₃T₃X₄-compounds with T = Co, Ni, Cu for X = Sb and T = Ni for X = Sn. Ferromagnetism is found for U₃Co₃Sb₄ and U₃Cu₃Sb₄ below 10 and 88 K, respectively. In contrast, no magnetic order was observed down to 1.7 K for the semiconductor U₃Ni₃Sb₄ and the “moderately” heavy-fermion system U₃Ni₃Sb₄.     

Energy excitations in three-axial magnets with single-ion and exchange anisotropies

The energy spectra of three-axial ferromagnets like U₃P₄ and ferrimagnets like U₃Sb₄ are presented and their properties are discussed. In case of U₃Sb₄ we find an interesting example of a magnetic structure which, due to the single-ion anisotropy, is unstable in the spin wave approximation. The k² dependence of magnon energies requires re-examination of the temperature dependence of the magnetisation and of the specific heat.     

ALT in the nucleon-nucleon polarized Drell-Yan process

We present a leading order (LO) estimate for the longitidinal-transverse spin asymmetry (A ) in the nucleon-nucleon polarized Drell-Yan process at RHIC and energies in comparison with A and A . A receives contribution from g₁, the transversity distribution h₁, and the twist-3 distributions g and h . For the twist-3 contribution we use the bag model prediction evolved to a high energy scale by the large-N_c evolution equation. We found that A (normalized by the asymmetry in the parton level) is much smaller than the corresponding A . Twist-3 contribution given by the bag model turned out to be negligible.     

Structural and electrical transport properties of charge density wave material LaAgSb_2 under high pressure

Layered lanthanum silver antimonide LaAgSb_2 exhibits both charge density wave(CDW) order and Dirac-cone-like band structure at ambient pressure.Here,we systematically investigate the pressure evolution of structural and electronic properties of LaAgSb_2 single crystal.We show that the CDW order is destabilized under compression,as evidenced by the gradual suppression of magnetoresistance.At P_C～22 GPa,synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal a structural modification at room-temperature.Meanwhile,the sign change of the Hall coefficient is observed at 5 K.Our results demonstrate the tunability of CDW order in the pressurized LaAgSb_2 single crystal,which can be helpful for its potential applications in the next-generation devices.     

Superconductivity in self-flux-synthesized single crystalline R_2Pt_3Ge_5(R=La,Ce,Pr)

In order to study the basic superconductivity properties of R_2Pt_3Ge_5, we synthesized the single crystalline samples by the Pt–Ge self-flux method. R_2Pt_3Ge_5(R = La, Ce) were also grown for a systematic study. Zero-resistivity was observed in both the La-and Pr-based samples below the reported superconducting transition temperatures. However, magnetic susceptibility measurements showed low superconductivity volume fractions in both La_2Pt_3Ge_5 and R_2Pt_3Ge_5(less than2%). Ce_2Pt_3Ge_5 did not show any signature of superconductivity. From the specific heat measurements, we did not observe a superconducting transition peak in R_2Pt_3Ge_5, suggesting that it is not a bulk superconductor. The magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements revealed two antiferromagnetic(AFM) orders in R_2Pt_3Ge_5 at T_(N1)= 4.2 K and T_(N2)= 3.5K, as well as a single AFM transition at TN= 3.8 K in Ce_2Pt_3Ge_5.     

Classical and quantum molecular dynamics of cation in (CH3NH3)3 Sb2Br9 polycrystal as studied by 1H NMR.

¹H spin-lattice relaxation times and second moments were determined for polycrystalline (CH₃NH₃)₃Sb₂Br₉ sample in a wide range of temperature (5–200 K) at 24.6 and 55.2 MHz. ²H NMR spectra of (CD₃NH₃)₃Sb₂Br₉ were recorded between 5 K and room temperature. The relaxation time is interpreted as a result of motion of two different non-equivalent types of monomethylammonium cations occurring at the 2:1 proportion in a unit cell. Below 30 K, the relaxation processes via tunneling are suggested to dominate. Above 30 K, only classical behaviour of methylammonium cations is detected. Two monomethylammonium cations relax with the classical correlated C₃ reorientation and the rotational tunnelling mechanism, while the third cation exhibits only the classical correlated reorientation. The dynamic parameters of these motions have been determined.     

掺铒硫系玻璃的制备及其微结构光纤的中红外信号放大特性研究

为进一步揭示硫系玻璃基掺Er³⁺微结构光纤对于中红外波段信号的放大特性, 采用熔融淬火法研制了Er³⁺离子掺杂的Ga₅Ge₂₀Sb₁₀S₆₅硫系玻璃, 测试了玻璃样品的吸收光谱和2.7 μm波段荧光光谱, 利用Judd-Ofelt和Futchbauer-Ladenburg理论分别计算得到了Er³⁺离子的辐射跃迁概率、辐射寿命以及2.7 μm波段受激发射截面. 在此基础上, 建立了一个980 nm抽运下该玻璃基掺Er³⁺微结构光纤2.7 μm波段中红外信号的放大模型, 理论上研究了其作为2.7 μm波段中红外信号增益介质时的光放大特性. 结果显示, 硫系玻璃基掺Er³⁺微结构光纤具有优异的高增益和宽带放大品性. 在200 mW抽运功率激励下的100 cm光纤长度上, 最大小信号增益超过了40 dB, 高于30 dB信号增益的放大带宽达到了120 nm (2696—2816 nm). 研究表明, Ga₅Ge₂₀Sb₁₀S₆₅硫系玻璃基掺Er³⁺微结构光纤是一种理想的可应用于2.7 μm波段中红外宽带放大器的增益介质.     

Quantum critical behavior in an antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion Kondo lattice system(Ce_(1-x)La_x)_2Ir_3Ge_5

The measurements on temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility χ(T), specific heat C(T), and electrical resistivity ρ(T) were carried out for the antiferromagnetic(AFM)(Ce_(1-x)La_x)_2Ir_3Ge_5(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.66) system. It was found that the Neel temperature TNdecreases with increasing La content x, and reaches 0 K near a critical content xcr =0.6. A new phase diagram was constructed based on these measurements. A non-Fermi liquid behavior in ρ(T) and a log T relationship in C(T) were found in the samples near xcr, indicating them to be near an AFM quantum critical point(QCP) with strong spin fluctuation. Our finding indicates that(Ce_(1-x)La_x)_2Ir_3Ge_5 may be a new platform to search for unconventional superconductivity.