离子液体[bmim][PF6]对氧杂蒽酮光解行为的影响

选择氧杂蒽酮(XAN)为探针分子,利用纳秒级瞬态光解技术研究在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([bmim][PF6])以及离子液体与常规溶剂中的光化学行为,探索不同溶剂对氧杂蒽酮激发三线态态(3 XAN*)的最大吸收峰的影响:3 XAN*在纯乙腈(MeCN)中的吸收峰在630nm,而在[bmim][PF6]作溶剂的体系中激发态的吸收峰发生蓝移,而且纯离子液体体系中3 XAN*的产额显著增加。进一步探索离子液体对光诱导3 XAN*与萘(NAP)之间的能量转移及与N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)之间的电子转移的影响,结果表明:[bmim][PF6]/MeCN的二元体系中随着[bmim][PF6]浓度的增大,氧杂蒽酮与萘之间的能量转移速率减小,测得在乙腈和纯离子液体中3 XAN*与NAP之间能量转移速率常数分别为1.2×1010 mol·L-1·s-1和1.1×108 mol·L-1·s-1。     

芘在离子液体及常规溶剂中的激光闪光光解研究

利用纳秒级时间分辨激光光解装置,以Nd:YAG激光器三倍频后的355 nm激光作为激发光源,研究了芘在常规溶剂乙腈、丙酮、环己烷、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体([Bmim][PF6])、N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸离子液体([BuPy][BF4])以及三乙基庚基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺(R4NNTf2)的瞬态光解行为,比较...     

离子液体对酪氨酸酶碳糊电极电化学行为的影响

分别用循环伏安法、计时电量法和交流阻抗法考察了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6)对酪氨酸酶碳糊电极(T-CPE)电化学行为的影响.结果表明:离子液体酪氨酸酶碳糊电极(T-CPE-IL)比T-CPE对邻苯二酚有更灵敏的响应.离子液体的加入改善了T-CPE的表面性能,使邻苯二酚在电极表面的吸附电量由2.08mC增至5.67mC,电子转移标准速率常数增加了约2个数量级,使电极反应的控制步骤由受电子转移控制转化为受扩散控制.     

紫外光谱法检测水中咪唑类离子液体的含量

介绍了用紫外光谱测定水中离子液体含量的方法.测定了7种离子液体([C4 mim][c1]、[C4 mim][BF4]、[C4 mim][PF6]、[c5 mim][Cl]、[C6 mim][BF4]、[C8 mim][Cl]和[C8mIm][BF4])的最大吸收波长,并且绘制了校准曲线.结果表明,在实验试剂用量范围内.离子液体在波长211nm附近的吸光度与浓度呈线性关系,其线性相关系数均大于0.999.说明用紫外光谱法检测水中离子液体含量简单、快速且测定结果准确可靠.     

一种二氧化碳-离子液体吸收式制冷系统性能的分析研究

吸收式制冷利用低品位热源为驱动,具有结构简单、运转安静、节能环保等特点,有很大的发展空间。适当的离子液体和CO2可以构成吸收式制冷的工质对,这类吸收制冷工质对可以工作在较高压力,有利于吸收制冷系统的小型化,具有潜在的应用前景。以1-丁基-3-甲基咪挫六氟硼酸盐[bmim][PF6]为例,计算分析了一种离子液体-CO2跨临界吸收式制冷循环的性能,发现该循环的热力性能还并不理想,然后从工质对溶解度和反应热方面分析了原因,给出了进一步研究的方向。     

疏水性离子液体萃取-原子吸收光谱法分离分析微量金

以N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷及六氟磷酸铵合成了疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim][PF6])。运用该离子液体分离富集分析了微量金。以火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)为分析检测手段,探讨了离子液体萃取预富集微量金的条件。实验结果表明:金的浓度在0.40～16.00μg·mL-1范围内与吸光度成线性关系,线性方程为A=0.00763c+0.07387(c:μg·mL-1),r=0.9991,检测限为0.072μg·mL-1。该法用于样品测定结果令人满意。     

吡啶离子液体与水混合体系中蒽醌-2-磺酸钠的激光闪光光解机理

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了蒽醌-2-磺酸钠(AQS)在吡啶离子液体N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([BPy][BF₄])与水(H₂O)混合体系中的光化学反应过程. 实验结果表明,AQS的激发三重态(³AQS^*) 会与H₂O快速反应,不断增加[BPy][BF₄]在混合体系中的体积比(V_IL),瞬态吸收光谱发生了很大变化. 510 nm附近的瞬态吸收带变化最大,在0< V_IL< 0.1时,吸光度会随着[BPy][BF₄]的增加而增加;而在V_IL>0.1时,吸光度则随着比例的增加而减小. 然而380 nm附近吸收带的吸光度却一直在增加. 通过拟合近似地得到了瞬态物种B和³AQS^*的表观动力学参数. 另外还讨论了³AQS^* 与阳离子之间的夺氢反应,通过对350~420 nm处光谱图的分析,推断出这一范围的瞬态吸收光谱是³AQS^*与AQSH^·的叠加谱. 在混合体系中,³AQS^*分别与H₂O和[BPy][BF₄]的反应是一对竞争反应. 还发现在高浓度的离子液体环境下,体系的整体反应速率会减弱.     

离子液体[BDMIM]PF_6修饰碳糊电极的制备及其电化学性能

以离子液体1,2-二甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[BDMIM]PF6）代替传统液态石蜡为粘合剂与石墨粉相混合,制备了一种新型的离子液体修饰碳糊电极（IL/CPE）。采用扫描电子显微镜分别对其表面形貌和石蜡碳糊电极（CPE）表面形貌进行了表征。以亚铁氰化钾为电化学探针对IL/CPE的电化学行为进行了研究,并与CPE进行了比较。结果表明,[BDMIM]PF6由于具有较高的导电性,使IL/CPE比CPE具有更高的导电效率,铁氰化钾在电极上的可逆性变好,ΔEP值变小,峰电流响应增加10倍,电极过程由CPE上的吸附控制变为扩散控制,根据计时库仑法求解出铁氰化钾的扩散系数为5.52×10^-6cm2/s（25℃）。电化学交流阻抗图亦表明与不导电的液态石蜡油相比,离子液体的存在加快了电子传递。     

离子液体/微波萃取海红果渣中总黄酮工艺

以离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Br)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取海红果渣中的总黄酮,系统考察了[bmim]Br浓度、萃取温度、料液比等因素的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为离子液体浓度0.6mol/L,萃取温度70C,液固比30 (mL/g),萃取时间15min,重复萃取2次,在该条件下,海红果渣中总黄酮提取率为0.259％.     

离子液体存在下银的电沉积及其表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

离子液体作为一种绿色介质,在电化学领域的应用研究正在兴起,并已引起了研究者的浓厚兴趣。运用循环伏安法研究了离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐,[bmim]NO₃)添加剂存在时,AgNO₃溶液中的Ag在玻碳电极上的电化学沉积行为。研究表明,离子液体的加入对Ag的沉积具有阻化作用。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对沉积层的表面形貌进行表征,结果显示离子液体的存在可使沉积层更加致密,Ag颗粒的尺寸减小。以甲基橙为探针分子,研究了在加入及不加[bmim]NO₃添加剂的AgNO₃溶液中电沉积所得银颗粒膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,增强因子分别为1.7×105和1.1×105,表明在离子液体存在下制得的Ag颗粒膜具有相对较好的SERS活性。     

Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules

采用离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐改性的溶胶-凝胶法以及表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进一步改性的溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔二氧化硅. 通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附和扫描电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行表征. 结果表明,与仅用离子液体为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅相比,采用表面活性剂和离子液体的混合物为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅具有较小的孔径和较规则的孔结构. 说明利用该方法制备介孔二氧化硅,表面活性剂的加入会在一定程度上影响所制介孔二氧化硅的微结构.     

Novel room temperature ionic liquid for fluorescence enhancement of Eu and Tb

The newly prepared ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium benzoate, ([bmim][BA]), was found to enhance the fluorescence of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺. The fluorescence enhancement resulted from a sensitization of the lanthanide fluorescence by the benzoate anion of the ionic liquid, [bmim][BA], and a reduction in the non-radiative channels in the non-aqueous environment provided by the ionic liquid. However, the fluorescence enhancement of the lanthanides in the ionic liquid was limited due to the operation of the inner filter effect, which resulted from the strong absorption of the benzoate. The inner filter effect was minimized by observing the Eu³⁺ fluorescence using a front face geometry and also by diluting the lanthanide-[bmim][BA] system, using another ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf₂N]), as a solvent. In the case of Tb³⁺, the emission from the lanthanide was masked by the strong emission from the ionic liquid in the region 450-580 nm. The long lived Tb³⁺ emission was therefore observed using delayed gated detection, where an appropriate delay was used to discriminate against the short lived emission from the ionic liquid. The large fluorescence enhancement due to ligand sensitized fluorescence observed with [bmim][BA] diluted in [bmim][Tf₂N], leads to nanomolar detection of the lanthanides. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of an ionic liquid being employed for ligand sensitized fluorescence enhancement of lanthanides.     

Ionic liquid; possibility of protein-preserving solvent under high pressure

We have investigated the pressure-induced phase transition behavior (～3.0 GPa) of aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) solutions with N-methylacetamide (NMA), which is a simple protein model compound, using Raman spectroscopy. From Raman spectral changes and optical observation in the sequence of elevated pressure, we found that the aqueous [bmim][Cl] solution with NMA in the water-rich condition induces the high pressure crystallization at 2.6 GPa. On the other hand, in the [bmim][Cl]-rich condition, high pressure crystalline phase was not observed even up to 3.0 GPa. Our results show that the aqueous [bmim][Cl] solution in the ionic liquid-rich condition along with the use of pressure has a potential for protein-preserving solvent.     

Binary composite ionic liquids [bmim][BF4] and [bmim][Ac] for electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene

The binary composite ionic liquid mixtures composed of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([bmim][Ac]) were studied and used in electroreduction of nitrobenzene for the first time. ¹H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were carried out to acquire a deep understanding of the interaction of binary ionic liquids, and UV/Vis spectroscopy was used to study the interaction between the mixture of ionic liquids and nitrobenzene. It was found that chemical shifts of all protons were changed and significant changes in the anion IR bands were induced, and the UV maximum absorption wavelength and absorbance of nitrobenzene in binary ionic liquids were different from those in the neat ionic liquid. The electrochemical reduction behavior of nitrobenzene in binary composite ionic liquids on platinum electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and constant potential electrolysis. Results indicated that the reduction of nitrobenzene in binary composite ionic liquids demonstrated higher current densities with a more positive potential, and the product (azobenzene) showed higher yield and selectivity in the composite ionic liquids than in the neat ionic liquids; the concentrations of water in the binary mixtures of ionic liquids had great effect on the electrochemical behavior of nitrobenzene. In the end, the mechanism of reduction of nitrobenzene in binary mixtures of ionic liquids was discussed.     

Kinetics study of a Diels‐Alder reaction in mixtures of an ionic liquid with molecular solvents

The second‐order rate constants for cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene with naphthoquinone were determined spectrophotometrically in various compositions of 1‐(1‐butyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium terafluoroborate ([bmim]BF₄) with water and methanol at 25 °C. Rate constants of the reaction in pure solvents are in the order of water > [bmim]BF₄ > methanol. Rate constants of the reaction decrease sharply with mole fraction of the ionic liquid in aqueous solutions and increase slightly to a maximum in alcoholic mixtures. Multi‐parameter correlation of logk₂ versus solute–solvent interaction parameters demonstrated that solvophobicity parameter (Sp), hydrogen‐bond donor acidity (α) and hydrogen‐bond acceptor basicity (β) of media are the main factors influencing the reaction rate constant. The proposed three‐parameter model shows that the reaction rate constant increases with Sp, α and β parameters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ionic liquid structure: the conformational isomerism in 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4])

As a probe of local structure, the vibrational properties of the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF₄] ionic liquid were studied by infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. The coexistence of at least four [bmim]⁺ conformers (GG, GA, TA, and AA) at room temperature was established through unique spectral responses. The Raman modes characteristic of the two most stable [bmim]⁺ conformers, GA and AA, according to the ab initio calculations, increase in intensity with decreasing temperature. To assess the total spectral behavior of the ionic liquid both the contributions of different [bmim]⁺ conformers and the [bmim]⁺− [BF₄]⁻ interactions to the vibrational spectra are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红外光谱法和量子化学法对离子液体提取水中壬基酚的机理研究

采用红外光游法和毓子化学计算法(密度泛函B3LYP方法),分别对常见离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐和含羟基的咪唑型离子液体提取水环境中的壬基酚的提取机理进行了研究.研究结果显示常见离子液体与壬基酚相互作用前后的红外谱图上没有氢键存在的迹象,而含羟基的离子液体在与壬基酚作用后其羟基峰发生了明显的红移.量子化学计...     

离子液体阳离子在空气/[bmim][BF4]水溶液界面的取向和结构

采用和频振动光谱研究了空气/[bmim][BF₄]低浓度水溶液界面的取向结构. 研究发现,在体相浓度非常低时,丁基链具有较大的旁式扭曲,表明此时的取向比较无序;阳离子咪唑环则采取一个较小的取向角. 随着浓度的升高,阳离子咪唑环趋向平躺在界面. 由于链-链相互作用,此时丁基链的旁式扭曲也减小,说明界面分子的取向变得有序. 进一步研究发现,PPP和SPS光谱上甲基反对称的峰存在位移,表明界面丁基链上的甲基存在不同取向或具有不同的化学环境.结果有助于从微观层次理解水溶性离子液体和基于咪唑的表面活性剂在界面上的物理化学行为.     

离子液体热分解机理的原位变温多核核磁共振研究

利用原位变温核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）、核磁共振氟谱（¹⁹F NMR）和核磁共振磷谱（³¹P NMR）等NMR技术研究特定温度下离子液体的热分解机理．在温度低至80℃时,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子（C₄mim⁺）和六氟磷酸根阴离子（PF₅-）组成的离子液体[C₄mim][PF₅]呈现1个缓慢但明显的分解过程．无水[C₄mim][PF₅]在温度高于80℃时开始分解,生成少量的五氟化磷（PF₅）和氟化氢（HF）,氟化氢中的氢原子来自于1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑环2位上的氢原子．在丢掉这个氢原子后,阳离子成环形成一个卡宾,并与PF₅形成卡宾/PF₅复合物．定量NMR分析显示在分解反应达到平衡状态时,自由态PF₅和卡宾/PF₅复合物的比例为7∶3．