短脉冲强X光泵浦产生光电离三体复合X光激光

 介绍了激光打靶产生短脉冲强X光辐射的方法,给出了打钠靶的数值模拟结果。 数值研究短脉冲强钠X光泵浦氖激光介质的X光激光,通过在氖中加氢的办法降低了电子温 度,有效地提高了激光增益。研究了短脉冲强X光泵浦的高增益光电离三体复合X光激光机 制,提出了在大中型激光器上开展这种X光激光研究的想法。     

我国同步辐射小角X光散射装置

小角X光散射是当X光照射到物质上时发生的在原光束附近小角度范围内的电子相干散射,凡是存在纳米尺度的电子密度不均匀区的物质均会产生小角X光散射现象,因此它是表征纳米、多孔材料结构的理想手段。普通X光源产生的X光强度弱,限制了小角X光散射的应用,采用同步辐射为X光源,则可以大大提高X光强度。目前我国已建立同步辐射小角X光散射站,本文对其装置进行了介绍。     

X光学的重要突破——谈X光透镜

 自从1895年德国科学家伦琴发现X射线,迄今已近百年.在此期间,人们不仅认识到X射线是短波长(10^-2～10²（?）)的电磁波,它是怎样产生的,而且深入研究了它和物质的各种相互作用.在X射线物理发展的同时,X射线得到了广泛的应用.我们无需查阅那些浩如烟海的文献库,就能说出X射线的若干应用:X光诊断、X光治疗、X光分析、X光探伤…….本世纪70年代以前,X光设备有一个明显的弱点,就是X光束无法调控,我们不能改变X光束的传播方向,不能会聚X光,也得不到平行的X光束.     

内爆腔X光发射机制研究

介绍了首次利用三台亚千X光能谱仪和一台针孔相机研究腔靶内爆区X光发射机制,实验结果表明内爆区X光发射主要是壁X光面发射。     

模拟 ps激光驱动的类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光

 瞬态电子碰撞激发产生X光激光的机制可以极大减少X光激光的泵浦能量。模拟了脉宽为1 ps,波长1.053 μm的钕玻璃激光驱动的类氖锗X光激光。模拟表明,在临界面附近可以产生高达60 cm ^-1的增益,还计算了X光激光在等离子体中的传播,计算表明X光激光在等离子体中的折射效应仍然是影响X光激光输出强度及分布的重要因素。     

基于平面孔靶对本底X光及激光挂边的研究

在神光-Ⅲ和神光-Ⅲ原型装置上基于平面孔靶研究了激光挂边及本底X光发射情况。能量卡计直接测量激光挂边份额;X光针孔相机给出本底X光发射的空间图像;平响应X光探测器测量本底X光的强度。实验结果表明:在神光-Ⅲ原型上800 m注入孔时,针孔图像中本底X光计数与黑腔漏失辐射流计数的比值约为1.2%;在神光-Ⅲ上1000 m注入孔时,平响应X光探测器测得的本底X光干扰的峰值约为2.7%,能量卡计测得的激光挂边份额约为2.6%。此外,根据神光-Ⅲ的实验参数模拟计算了激光挂边份额和本底X光的干扰。与实验结果的对比说明了该模型的正确性,可以用该模型评估激光挂边及本底X光发射情况,同时可以用该模型指导注入孔尺寸的选择。     

12MeV直线感应加速器X光能谱的实验测量

12MeV直线感应加速器能够产生能量～12MeV、流强2.2kA的电子束, 被传输、聚焦后形成～4mm的束斑, 与轫致辐射靶靶作用来产生高剂量的X光. 首先设计了X光探测器, 并利用多层吸收拟合法来对X光能谱进行了测量, 得到了X光的轫致辐射能谱, X光峰值大约在2MeV,最后对实验结果进行了分析.     

用于激光等离子体测量的X光量热计

 由于X光量热计具有体型吸收、线性响应及抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,可用于对激光等离子体辐射的X光总量测量。介绍了X光量热计的原理和结构,量热计主要由吸收体、热电堆、恒温体和外壳4个部分组成;量热计吸收体接收X光能量后,在瞬时内温度迅速上升,同时又通过热传导或辐射而损失能量。电加热法作为X光量热计的传统标定方法,标定结果不可靠。为此采用经过绝对标定的XRD阵列谱仪（SXS）对X光量热计在神光-Ⅱ装置上进行了在线绝对标定。结果表明：X光量热计性能稳定,其灵敏度为(84.1±3.4) μV/mJ,X光能量测量的相对合成标准不确定度约为31%,可用于X光定量测量。     

内爆芯部温度空间分布计算

利用空间分划的平衡辐射输运方程,结合Multi1D辐射流体程序计算了辐射驱动内爆芯部的X光发射空间分布,计算结果表明:高能X光的发射区域随X光子能量的增大而减小,低能X光的发射区域随X光子能量的减小而减小。考虑芯部中间区域和芯部边缘区域物质的不透明度,利用遗传算法计算了芯部的温度空间分布,并与模拟结果作了比较,二者的不确定度小于4%。     

精确测定X光透镜发散度的实验方法

为了建立精确测定X光透镜发散度的实验方法,提出了有效X光源的概念,得到X光束发散度的准确值.推导出了X光束发散度的理论计算公式.零点扫描实验方法证明了理论公式的正确性.晶体转动实验方法测量了X光束的发散度,与理论值符合得很好,晶体转动实验方法应用到对X光透镜发散度的测定可以消除分析晶体不完整性的影响.     

TIG焊焊缝X光照相异常图象形成机制的研究

采用Ｘ光照相检测ＧＨ１６３合金ＴＩＧ（ｔｕｎｇｓｔｅｎ－ｉｎｅｒｔ－ｇａｓａｒｃｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ）焊结构时，在胶片上发现焊缝中心有一黑线。本文通过Ｘ光偏转实验和光学金相对其形成机制进行了研究，并提出了防治措施。     

活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱与热分析

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,利用光谱分析方法对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧进行光谱分析,采用红外热像伪着色法测定活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧温度场,并建立活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧热流密度径向分布模型,对焊接电弧的成分及焊接电弧温度场进行了研究。研究结果表明,常规等离子焊焊接电弧以氩原子和氩一次电离离子的谱线为主,金属蒸气谱线不突出,焊接电弧以气体粒子为主,属于气体电弧;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱中氩原子及氩一次离子谱线的辐射强度增强,Ti,Cr,Fe金属谱线大量涌现;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的温度分布比较紧凑,温度场外形窄,温度分布范围较集中,电弧径向温度梯度较大;电弧径向温度分布呈现正态Gauss分布模式。     

不同焊接位置对5A90铝锂合金激光焊接质量的影响(英)

针对铝锂合金激光焊接产生的成形不良和气孔缺陷,探究不同焊接位置对焊缝成形及气孔的影响,并对比分析不同焊接位置熔池受力状态、熔融金属流动和小孔动态行为,解释缺陷形成及其抑制机理。研究发现:不同焊接位置熔池受力状态和熔融金属流动决定焊缝成形。平焊时焊缝成形差、下榻严重;横焊时背面焊缝不连续,有飞溅;立向上焊时背面焊缝内凹严重;立向下焊可得到最优焊缝成形和最优的气孔缺陷。焊缝气孔受小孔动态行为影响,不同焊接位置气孔随热输入的变化规律一致,气孔先增后减,在仅熔池透状态下有气孔最大值。立上焊时小孔不稳定,焊缝气孔多且分布杂乱;立向下焊时小孔稳定性高,气孔最少,主要分布在焊缝中心线上。     

Approximate entropy a new statistic to quantify arc and welding process stability in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding

Based on the phase state reconstruction of welding current in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding using carbon dioxide as shielding gas, the approximate entropy of welding current as well as its standard deviation has been calculated and analysed to investigate their relation with the stability of electric arc and welding process. The extensive experimental and calculated results show that the approximate entropy of welding current is significantly and positively correlated with arc and welding process stability, whereas its standard deviation is correlated with them negatively. A larger approximate entropy and a smaller standard deviation imply a more stable arc and welding process, and vice versa. As a result, the approximate entropy of welding current promises well in assessing and quantifying the stability of electric arc and welding process in short-circuiting gas metal arc welding.     

Experimental study of temperature and clamping force during Nd:YAG laser butt welding

During welding, a high quality clamping device not only holds workpieces firmly together, but should also take the thermal strain of the welding heat without undermining the strength of the weld joint, inducing any excessive distortions, misalignment of workpieces or reducing the weld joint strength. This paper studies the clamping force during laser butt welding of steel workpieces. The clamping force and welding temperature for a butt welded joint during laser welding are measured simultaneously. The preset clamping force is varied during welding for different thicknesses of workpieces and weld joint strengths. The thermal expansion, cooling contraction, and workpiece width reduction during welding induce variations in the preset clamping force and consequently change the weld joint strength. Our study also reveals that there is an optimal preset clamping force that improves the weld joint strength significantly and the welding temperature during steady welding process remains unchanged for any preset clamping force.     

大功率盘形激光焊飞溅特征分析

焊接过程的在线监控是保证激光焊接质量的关键, 为此, 首先要找到焊接过程传感特征量变化规律以及与焊缝质量间的关系. 飞溅是大功率盘型激光焊接过程中的一个重要现象, 其特征与焊接质量、焊接过程稳定性以及能量利用率等有着密切的联系. 以大功率盘形激光焊接304不锈钢为试验对象, 研究焊接过程中的飞溅特征. 在紫外波段和可见光波段应用高速摄像机摄取焊接过程中产生飞溅的瞬态特征, 通过计算机图像处理技术分析飞溅的数量、面积、行程和质心高度特征参量. 以焊件熔宽作为衡量焊接质量与焊接过程稳定性的因素, 对飞溅特征量进行线性和高次拟合, 研究飞溅特征参量的波动规律, 并与焊件熔宽的变化对比, 探索焊接过程的飞溅特征参量变化规律. 试验结果表明, 根据飞溅特征量变化规律能够对大功率盘形激光焊接304不锈钢板焊接质量做出动态评估, 为实现焊接质量的在线监控提供了试验依据.     

Influence of shielding gas pressure on welding characteristics in CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding process

The droplet transfer behavior and weld characteristics have been investigated under different pressures of shielding gas in CO2 laser and metal inert/active gas (laser-MIG) hybrid welding process. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer frequency and stable welding range of conventional MIG arc are changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in laser-MIG hybrid welding process, and the shielding gas pressure has a crucial effect on welding characteristics. When the pressure of shielding gas is low in comparison with MIG welding, the frequency of droplet transfer decreases, and thedroplet transfer becomes unstable in laser-MIG hybrid welding. So the penetration depth decreases, which shows the characteristic of unstable hybrid welding. However, when the pressure of shielding gas increases to a critical value, the hybrid welding characteristic is changed from unstable hybrid welding to stablehybrid welding, and the frequency of droplet transfer and the penetration depth increase significantly.     

Sheet metal welding using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser-robot

This paper presents a pulsed Nd: YAG laser-robot system for spot and seam welding of mild steel sheets. The study evaluates the laser beams behaviour for welding, and then investigates pulsed Nd: YAG laser spot and seam welding processes. High pulse power intensity is needed to initiate the key-hole welding process and a threshold pulse energy to reach full penetration. In seam welding, a weld consists of successive overlapping spots. Both high pulse energy and high average power are needed to keep the key-hole welding going. A 70% overlap is used to define overlapping spot welding as seam welding and to optimize process parameters because a high tensile strength joint compatible with the strength of the base material can be obtained when the overlap is ≥70%; at the same time a smooth seam with full penetration is obtained. In these cases, the joints in pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding are comparable in strength to those obtained with CO₂ laser welding. Robot positioning and motion accuracies can meet the demands of Nd: YAG laser sheet metal welding, but its cornering accuracy affects the welding processes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the YAG laser-robot system for production in the automotive industry.     

5083铝合金光纤激光-TIG复合焊接工艺研究

采用IPG YLS-6000光纤激光器和Fronius MagicWave3000job数字化焊机,对4mm厚5083H116铝合金进行了复合焊接试验。研究了电源特性、电流大小和热源间距等工艺参数对光纤激光-钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)复合焊接焊缝成形的影响规律,并分析了焊接接头的缺陷、显微硬度及力学性能。结果表明,光纤激光-TIG复合焊接5083铝合金,能够明显改善焊缝成形,提高焊接过程稳定性,特别是与变极性TIG电弧复合效果更为显著;光纤激光与变极性TIG电弧复合焊接,采用激光在前的方式,电弧电流150A,且热源间距不大于4mm,可以得到具有明亮金属光泽和均匀鱼鳞纹的焊缝,焊缝无气孔和裂纹缺陷,其表面有少量的下凹;复合焊接接头抗拉强度为318MPa,达到母材强度的93%,延伸率为7.6%,高于单光纤激光焊接,断口分析为韧性断裂。     

The use of Taguchi method to optimize the laser welding of sealing neuro-stimulator

Titanium has high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, excellent weldability and well biocompatibility. It is applied in various fields, such as medical and aerospace industry. Laser welding is major joint technology for titanium sealing in medical field. It is difficult for sealing thin titanium shell of the neuro-stimulator by laser lap welding. The key point for welding quality is the combination of laser welding parameters. In this paper, the effects of the Nd: YAG laser welding parameters is discussed and analyzed at first, and then a novel application of Taguchi's matrix method is proposed to optimize the selection of laser seal welding thin titanium shell, including the main parameters such as laser power, welding speed, defocusing amount and shield gas, finally the manufacture process for sealing neuro-stimulator is confirmed. The results show that Taguchi method has optimized process parameters of the laser welding on sealing thin titanium shell of the neuro-stimulator, and the device is equipped properly in medical treatments.