Optical Transfer Function Reconstruction in Incoherent Fourier Ptychography

An optical transfer function(OTF) reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography(IFP).The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously.This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces.The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations,and the superior reconstruction is presented.We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems' aberrations.     

Decomposition of the optical transfer function: wavefront coding imaging systems

We describe the mapping of the optical transfer function (OTF) of an incoherent imaging system into a geometrical representation. We show that for defocused traditional and wavefront-coded systems the OTF can be represented as a generalized Cornu spiral. This representation provides a physical insight into the way in which wavefront coding can increase the depth of field of an imaging system and permits analytical quantification of salient OTF parameters, such as the depth of focus, the location of nulls, and amplitude and phase modulation of the wavefront-coding OTF.     

相干场成像技术接收镜精度对传递函数的影响

根据相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)接收镜的特点, 研究了接收镜偏差对相干场成像技术光学传递函数的影响, 推导了光学传递函数与接收光路光程均方差的关系式. 该式表明相干场成像技术的光学传递函数是接收光路光程均方差与频差乘积的平方的负指数函数. 为确定接收系统精度提供了理论依据. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 误差 光学传递函数     

Apodization‐Assisted Subdiffraction Near‐Field Localization in 2D Phase Diffraction Grating

Conventional phase diffraction gratings can be used to localize the incoming optical radiation in the near‐field region. A new design of the binary phase diffraction grating is proposed with embedded pupil opaque mask inside each stripe. By means of numerical simulations, it is shown that with this masked phase grating the spatial resolution of the near‐field localization can be substantially improved and brought even beyond the solid immersion limit (λ/2n). Moreover, due to anomalous apodization effect, the subdiffraction field localization is accompanied by intensity enhancement as compared to the non‐masked design. The pupil mask rearranges the optical fluxes within the stripes and promotes the Fano resonances excitation in the periodic step lattice. This can be important for advancing the phase grating‐based super‐resolution technologies, including subdiffraction imaging, interferometry, and surface fabrication.     

X射线成像积分滤波模型与实验

X射线数字化成像系统的不足主要表现在成像末端耦合约束、微焦点约束瓶颈以及单光子成像缺陷与量子噪声约束等方面,利用传统的数字图像处理手段很难实现有效的图像滤波,而复杂的滤波算法进一步限制了其工程使用效果。为了提高X射线成像系统的光学传递能力与系统抗噪声能力,本文首先以热激发X辐射源与X射线像增强器为例,从系统层面探索成像遇到的诸多技术瓶颈,并在此基础上提出了一种针对X射线成像的积分滤波方法。然后,将空间频率固定的铅制光栅作为被测目标,通过改变中继光学耦合系统的物像关系使得像方空间频率在一定区间内连续改变,进而通过大量的实验数据实现在不同积分时间条件下的光学传递函数精确拟合。接着,分别从光学传递函数积分效果与归一化后的基频传递特性的角度验证了该滤波方法可以有效压制热触发源引入的量子噪声,避免图像产生单光子成像缺陷。实验数据表明:该方法可以提升系统成像的光学传递能力。最后,通过帧叠加与积分滤波的对比效果验证了该滤波方法的优越性。     

Vector wave diffraction pattern of slits masked by polarizing devices

Polarization property is important to the optical imaging system. It has recently been understood that the polarization properties of light can be fruitfully used for improving the characteristics of imaging system that includes polarizing devices. The vector wave imagery lends an additional degree of freedom that can be utilized for obtaining results that are unobtainable in scalar wave imagery. This calls for a systematic study of diffraction properties of different apertures using polarization-sensitive devices. In the present paper, we have studied the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of slits masked by different kinds of polarizing devices which introduce a phase difference between the two orthogonal components of the incident beam.     

一种基于OTF稳定性的波前编码相位板优化方法

提出了一种简单的可用于光学系统中子午弧矢方向白光OTF稳定性评价的波前编码相位板参量优化方法.该方法仅以标准偏差来评价OTF在目标景深范围内的稳定性,并且结合自适应模拟退火算法在参量空间内优化得到相位板的最佳参量.使用该方法优化得到的相位板参量,可以大幅度提高光学系统的景深,并且可以获得更为清晰、稳定的成像.对应用波前编码技术前后光学系统的成像性能作了比较,并且考察了优化参量的容差性.     

彩色图像的非相干光相关识别

提出一种用非相干光系统识别彩色图像的方法,将脸色图像分解成三个单色像处理,设计一可实现的仅相位光学传递函数,对其进行带能优化,人而提高信噪比并使相关峰锐化,通过一对滤波器来合成该光学传递函数,获得了采色图像相关识别的实验结果。     

光锥的光学传递函数测试方法研究

从传像方式上给出了光锥的理论传递函数,并提出了利用星点像分析测试其MTF的方法,通过具体实验给出了MTF的测试结果.测试结果表明,合理的选取测试组件参数,可以得到光锥在较大频率范围内的光学传递函数(>100 lp/mm) .从MTF趋势上看,测试结果与理论推导呈一致性.     

紫外光学传递函数测量装置研究

光学传递函数是评价光学系统成像质量的重要指标,针对目前光学传递函数测量只能覆盖可见光和红外波段,自行研制了紫外波段(260 nm～400 nm)光学传递函数（OTF）测量装置。介绍了装置的原理及组成,采用中心波长为0=300 nm和0=380 nm 2种OTF标准镜头在2个光谱范围内对OTF测量装置进行了标定和测试,结果表明:调制传递函数（MTF）的测量值与理论值的偏差:0.03（轴上）;0.05（轴外）。最后,对装置的测量不确定度进行了评估。     

衍射受限光学合成孔径成像系统像质评价

简述了光学合成孔径成像系统的原理,合成孔径成像系统在获得高截止频率的同时,降低了系统的中频性能,在空域表现为点扩展函数次峰增加。然后运用两点分辨率和光学传递函数对衍射受限光学合成孔径成像系统的像质评价问题进行了分析,指出了瑞利判据、斯派罗准则和“门限”判据的不足,认为当点扩展函数次峰大于主峰的0．5倍时,合成孔径系统与单孔径系统相比将失去优势。以光学传递函数为标准。分析三孔径合成系统子孔径尺寸、相互间距与等效系统孔径尺寸之间的关系。当子孔径直径不变时,随着其所在圆半径的增大,实际截止频率先增大,然后减小。     

同轴法射线相衬成像的数值模拟计算与分析

对同轴法射线相衬成像进行数值模拟计算,可用于特定对象检测方法的可行性分析或检测参数优化。为此,分析了同轴法射线相衬成像系统数值模拟计算的原理及其实现方法,并针对圆形物体、长条形物体进行了相衬成像实验的数值模拟计算。对照计算结果进行分析可知:对物体平面进行离散化的尺寸很大程度上影响到数值模拟计算结果的准确程度,究其原因在于对物体平面进行离散化时决定了成像系统光学传递函数离散化的准确程度;为保证数值模拟结果的准确性,应使数值计算中光学传递函数取值点连续、不存在明显的失真;保证数值模拟结果准确所需的光学传递函数的离散化尺寸不是固定的,而是应与检测对象的大小相匹配。     

波前编码成像系统景深延拓扩展率的研究

研究三次相位板的波前编码光学系统,发现在一定的条件下系统调制传递函数(MTF)对波前编码系统的离焦不敏感,才能得到波前编码系统的景深.对比传统光学系统的景深,得到波前编码系统的景深延拓扩展率的表达式.分析空间频率取值范围和三次相位板系数α,发现当a=20π时,波前编码系统可以将传统光学系统的景深扩大60倍以上.     

可调谐相位板空域频域联合分析

波前编码系统采用在传统光学系统中加入相位板来扩大光学系统的景深而避免传统景深延拓技术的不利影响. 由于相位板的参数不可调, 整个系统的景深延拓扩展率也不能动态可调. 采用两相位板组合的方法可以有效克服这一点. 本文首先从光线差的角度提出了两三次相位板组合下的光线像差分布以及点扩散函数尺寸的具体关系表达式, 直观体现了系统的光线结构, 指出了光线结构和点扩散函数尺寸受两三次相位板的面型和相对位移量的影响. 其次采用稳相法从空间域给出了系统点扩散函数表达式, 依据点扩散函数的振荡性质给出了有效带宽表达式, 提出了点扩散函数在像面的位置会随两相位板面型参数以及相对于光瞳中心的位移量而发生平移. 最后利用菲涅耳积分给出两三次相位板任意面型参数和相对位移组合下的准确光学传递函数. 在得到的调制传递函数中直观体现出了面型参数和相对位移量对调制传递函数和相位传递函数以及有效带宽的影响, 并说明了此系统相位传递函数的非线性性质. 通过空间域与频率域相结合的方法分析验证了传统的两三次相位板组合具有景深可调和带宽可调的性质, 为设计可调谐波前编码系统提供了理论依据.     

相干场成像技术分辨率研究

根据光学传递函数的相关理论, 推导了相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)的光学传递函数和点扩散函数, 给出了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率计算公式, 为分析相干场成像系统能实现的极限角分辨率提供了理论依据. 在此基础上研究了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率之间的关系. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 分辨率 光学传递函数     

The sampling limit in fluorescence microscopy

Sampling in fluorescence microscopy is treated using the concept of the three-dimensional (3D) optical transfer function (OTF). The border of the OTF frequency surface defines the required minimum sampling. The shape of the OTF is derived from simple considerations and valid for far-field high numerical aperture, vector theory. Optimal regular sampling is achieved by a hexagonal grid in 2D, and corresponding hexagonal structures, body-centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures, in 3D. As compared to standard (rectilinear grid) sampling a reduction of 13.4% in 2D and 29.3% in 3D can be achieved with optimized sampling. This reduction in data size is also accompanied by an imaging speed improvement, a reduction of sample bleaching, and can lead to imaging with better signal to noise ratio.     

Optimal Incoherent Filtering for Distortion-Invariant Image Recognition

An optimal incoherent filter is proposed for distortion-invariant correlation. The optical transfer function (OTF) of the correlator is specified as a realizable phase-only term which is optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm. The phase-only OTF is used in image recognition to produce a sharp peak response and can be generated by dual-filter synthesis. Image recognition is achieved by subtracting two spatially incoherent correlation outputs produced from a positive and negative filters with an input image. Computer simulations show that the proposed correlator can yield a sharp correlation peak with excellent distortion tolerance.Presented at 1996 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing (OC ‘96), April 21–25, Sendai, Japan     

光电成像系统动像光学传递函数

在论述光电成像系统时间响应特性图像运动的基础上,提出并完善了光电成像系统动像光学传递函数的数理模型,除已导出的匀速运动和简谐振动下的动像LSF和OTF公式外,又导出了匀加速运动下动像LSF和OTF公式以及椭圆、圆周运动下的两维动像PSF和OTF公式,从而可以全面计算、分析光电成像系统的动像传递特性,为更深入研究动态光电成像奠定了理论基础.     

用于全光缓存的光阈值门理论和实验研究

提出了一种基于光阈值门的全光缓存方案,采用两个非对称的SOA环形腔激光器耦合构成光阈值门,其输出光可以在两种波长上切换,可控制波长转换器实现光包路由,从而将需缓存的数据包路由到缓存端口,避免了复杂的包头处理.建立了光阈值门的理论模型,对10 Gbit/s的光阈值门的动态特性进行了数值模拟和实验研究,实验结果和理论计算结果相符合,实验也表明光阈值门两种输出状态的消光比可达30dB.