INFLUENCE OF IN-PLANE FIELD ON THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE FOR THE BREAKDOWN OF VERTICAL BLOCH LINE CHAINS

The influence of in-plane field H_ip on the critical temperature T₀ for the breakdown of vertical Bloch line (VBL) chains of hard domains in garnet bubble films has been inves-tigated experimentally. It was found that T₀ can be significantly reduced by the increase of H_ip. Besides, the critical in-plane field H′_ip for the breakdown of VBL chains was measured as a function of temperature T for the same sample. As a result, the correlation between these two critical parameters, T₀ and H′_ip, was found. By introducing an effective in-plane field (H_ip)_e, the positive definiteness of the system of VBL pairs with two-dimemsional magnetization distribution was analyzed, giving rise to a theoretical expression of H′_ip(T): H′_ip(T) =|4πM_sQ(a₀+a₁Q +a₂Q²+a₃Q³+ a₄Q⁴)|^T_(T0(Hip=0)), where a_i are constants. It agrees well with the experiments.     

在强磁场中金属薄膜的超导电理论(Ⅰ)

本文研究了在接近转变温度T_c的区域内,超导薄膜在磁场中的性质。磁场是沿着超导膜的表面。在文章中,首先对Γорьков理论进行了分析,指出这个理论实际上是采用了局域近似,这个近似主要是隐含在他所采用的磁场中电子Green函数G_ω⁰(rr′)的表示式中。作者指出,Γорьков所采用的G_ω⁰(rr′)表示式对于本文研究的问题是不适用的,本文采用G_ω⁰(rr′)按矢势的微扰展开式。本文把Γорьков的补偿方程和电流方程推广到超导膜。对于d<δ₀(T)的膜,求出了这二个方程的解,得到超导薄膜的矢势、磁矩、能隙和临界电流的表达式,并研究了超导薄膜在磁场中的相变问题,求得超导薄膜的临界磁场。本文所得到的结果,对比较厚的膜(d?ξ₀)和ГЛ理论一致,而对比较薄的膜(d<ξ₀)和ГЛ理论有着显著不同(除了临界电流和超导膜在磁场中相变级数的判据外),二者的差异特别是表现在对厚度依赖关系上。由于本文所采用的近似,所得到的结果适用于δ₀(T)>d?d^*情形,其中2d^*=(1/(0.36)×ξ₀/p₀)^1/2,对于Sn,2d^*～10^-6cm。     

金属氢超导性能的研究

 本文用强耦合超导理论研究了金属氢的一些超导性能，求出了具有超导性的金属氢的同位素效应值，热力学临界磁场，比热和T_c，H_c及Δ对有效声子谱α²F(ω)的泛函导数：dT_c/dα²F(ω)，dH_c/dα²F(ω)和d(2Δ/k_BT_c)/dα²F(ω)等与ω的关系曲线，说明超导性的一些参数与金属氢的电子-声子作用的关系。     

MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO POLYANILINE FAMILIES:PANI-H3PO4 and PANI-C4H6O6

We report a comparative study between two kinds of polyaniline, PANI-H₃PO₄ and PANI-C₄H₆O₆. We have measured the temperature dependence of the dc-conductivity σ_dc(T) and magnetic susceptibility χ_T(T). The structure of polyaniline was characterized by F ourier transform infrared technique, electron-spin-resonance and X-ray diffraction. Polyanil ine synthesized with phosphoric and tartaric acids leads to high magnetic suscep tibility χ_T(at T=295 K)≈10^-4 emu/mol.2rings. The dc-conductivity of both kinds of PANI shows a semiconductor behavior and follows the quasi one-dimensional variable-range-hopping model. A compa rison of the magnetic susceptibility shows greater electron localization in PANI-C₄H₆O₆, which is in agreement with the lower conductivity at room temper ature for PANI-C₄H₆O₆.     

超导临界温度理论(Ⅰ)

本文求出了Eliashberg方程在T=T_c时的解,得到了下面的临界温度级数表示式:T_c=α₀(μ^*)(λ〈ω²〉)^1/2{1+1/λα₁(μ^*)〈ω⁴>/〈ω²>²+1/λ²(α₂₁(μ^*)〈ω⁶>/〈ω²>³+α₂₂(μ^*)〈ω⁴>²/〈ω²>⁴) +1/λ³(α₃₁(μ^*)〈ω⁸>/〈ω²>⁴+α₃₂(μ^*)(〈ω⁴>〈ω⁶>)/〈ω²>⁵)+α₃₃(μ^*)〈ω⁴>³/〈ω²>⁶+…},其中α₀(μ^*),α₁(μ^*)等仅是μ^*的函数。新的T_c公式表明了,T_c不仅依赖于λ、μ^*和〈ω²〉,而且依赖于有效声子谱α²F(ω)的各级矩〈ω²ⁿ〉。     

α-C:H膜表面形貌及光学性能的测试分析

 以H₂和反式-2-丁烯（T₂B）为工作气体，利用低压等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备了α-C:H薄膜。采用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜测试了α-C:H薄膜的表面形貌，分析了实验参数对其形貌的影响。研究表明：固定压强(15 Pa)，当T₂B/H₂流量比为4时，薄膜均方根粗糙度可达0.97 nm。保持T2B/H2流量比固定，增加工作气压，薄膜均方根粗糙度减小，表面更平整、致密。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对薄膜价键结构进行分析，结果表明：α-C:H薄膜中主要存在sp3C—H键，氢含量较高；T₂B/H₂流量比越低，薄膜中含有更多的C=C键。应用UV-VIS光谱仪，获得了波长在200～1 100 nm范围内薄膜的光吸收特性，α-C:H薄膜透过率可达98%，计算得到的折射率在1.16～1.40。随工作气压的增加，α-C:H薄膜中sp³杂化键增多，透过率、折射率增大。     

碘分子两个新的“E”带离子对态

使用脉冲光学双共振方法研究了碘分子“E”带离子对态,激发光总能量范围为43180—43600cm^-1。实验获得了“E”带两个尚未见报道的离子对态E₁(13≤V′_(E1)≤17)和E₂(15≤V′_(E2)≤19),其中T_(e1)=41909.13±1.786cm^-1,T_{(e相似文献}   

基于从头算势能面对S-(2P)+H2(1Σ+g)→SH-(1Σ)+H(2S)反应的量子含时波包计算

本文基于离子分子SH₂^-基态势能面,应用含时波包方法研究了反应S^-(²P)+H₂(¹Σ⁺_g)→SH^-(¹Σ)+H(²S)的动力学行为. 给出了反应几率和积分截面随碰撞能的变化关系,结果表明,在讨论的所有碰撞能量范围内二者均存在显著的振荡结构. 当初始转动量子数j=0,2,4,6,8,10和振动量子数v=0,1,2,3,4时,从总反应几率数值计算中可以看出,双原子H₂的振动激发和转动激发显著提高了反应活性. 同时积分散射截面的理论值与前人的实验值相符合.     

磁场中的超导膜

本文将文献[1]的理论推广到较厚的超导膜。首先采用能隙是常数的模型,借助于Schrief-fer方法,导出磁场中超导膜的补偿方程和电流方程。利用所得的方程,研究了均匀外磁场对金属膜超导性质的影响,讨论了超导膜在磁场中的相变,给出了确定超导膜的能隙、磁矩、平衡临界场H_c,以及分别相应于过冷和过热区域边界的临界场H_(c1)和H_(c2)的一般公式。所有这些表达式,在局域极限下,化为Гинзбург-Ландау理论的相应结果;在薄膜情形下,回到文献[1]的结果,文中对一般情形下的非局域效应作了具体的讨论。     

Large magnetic entropy change near room temperature in the LaFe11.5Si1.5H1.3 interstitial compound

The LaFe_11.5Si_1.5H_1.3 interstitial compound has been prepared. Its Curie temperature T_C (288 K) has been adjusted to around room temperature, and the maximal magnetic entropy change (|ΔS|～17.0 J·kg^-1·K^-1 at T_C) is larger than that of Gd (|ΔS|～9.8 J·kg^-1·K^-1 at T_C=293 K) by ～73.5% under a magnetic change from 0 to 5 T. The origin of the large magnetic entropy change is attributed to the first-order field-induced itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition. Moreover, the magnetic hysteresis of LaFe_11.5Si_1.5H_1.3 under the increase and decrease of the field is very small, which is favourable to magnetic refrigeration application. The present study suggests that the LaFe_11.5Si_1.5H_1.3 compound is a promising candidate as a room-temperature magnetic refrigerant.     

温度对垂直布洛赫线链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响

实验研究了温度对液相外延石榴石磁泡薄膜中条状普通硬磁畴壁内的垂直布洛赫线（ＶＢＬ）链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响。发现存在一对特征温度T⁽¹⁾₀ 和 T⁽²⁾₀（前者比后者略低但均高于室温），在从室温到T⁽²⁾₀的每个温度Ｔ下，使ＶＢＬ逐渐消失的面内磁场Ｈ_ip都分布于一个与Ｔ有关的区间[H_ip⁽¹⁾(T), H_ip⁽²⁾(T)]内，称为临界面内磁场区间：H_ip^{＜H_ip(1)(T)时，ＶＢＬ链保持不变;H_ip(1)(T)< H_ip < H_ip(2)(T)时，随着Ｈ_ip的增加，越来越多的ＶＢＬ消失;H_ip > H_ip(2)(T)时，所有ＶＢＬ都消失。H_ip(1)(T),H_ip(2)(T)及H_ip(2)(T)-H_ip(1)(T)均随Ｔ的升高而下降，前二者分别于T(1)₀ 和 T(2)₀降为零。比值H_ip(2)(T)/H_ip(1)(T)随Ｔ的升高而升高，在低温段（包括室温）升高缓慢且约为21/2,在T(1)₀附近急剧升高且至T(1)₀时趋于∞。对以上结果做了理论分析。 关键词：}     

Superconducting Properties of Indium Nanostructured in Pores of Thin Films of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Microspheres

Samples of a superconducting indium nanocomposite based on a thin-film porous dielectric matrix prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett method are obtained for the first time, and their low-temperature electrophysical and magnetic properties are studied. Films with thickness b ≤ 5 μm were made from silicon dioxide spheres with diameter D = 200 and 250 nm; indium was introduced into the pores of the films from the melt at a pressure of P ≤ 5 kbar. Thus, a three-dimensional weakly ordered structure of indium nanogranules was created in the pores, forming a continuous current-conducting grid. Measurements of the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the resistance and magnetic moment of the samples showed an increase in the critical parameters of the superconductivity state of nanostructured indium (critical temperature T_c ≤ 3.62 K and critical magnetic field H_c at T = 0 K H_c(0) ≤ 1700 Oe) with respect to the massive material (T_c = 3.41 K, H_c(0) = 280 Oe). In the dependence of the resistance on temperature and the magnetic field, a step transition to the superconductivity state associated with the nanocomposite structure was observed. A pronounced hysteresis M(H) is observed in the dependence of the magnetic moment M of the nanocomposite on the magnetic field at T < T_c, caused by the multiply connected structure of the current-conducting indium grid. The results obtained are interpreted taking into account the dimensional dependence of the superconducting characteristics of the nanocomposite.     

HT-7超导托卡马克边界等离子体参量及其涨落的实验研究

利用径向可移动朗缪尔三探针和马赫探针对HT-7超导托卡马克边界等离子体参量及其涨落进行了空时空分辨测量.给出了欧姆放电及其与低杂波电流驱动共同作用下边界等离子体电位φ_p、电子温度T_e和电子密度n_e及其涨落的径向分布.实验表明,在限制器附近,存在一由E_r×B确定的极向旋转速度剪切层.在剪切层内,T_e和n_e分布较陡,且φ_p,T_e和n_e的相对涨落水平下降明显.这说明剪切层对边界区的等离子体涨落具有抑制作用.低杂波驱动使径向电场梯度变陡,从而使剪切程度加深但对剪切层宽度无影响.此外,测量表明等离子体环向速度马赫数M_φ存在径向梯度.环向流的这种径向梯度可能是形成径向电场所需的平均极向流的一种重要驱动源 关键词： 托卡马克 边界涨落 低杂波驱动     

Resistance and magnetic susceptibility of superconducting lead embedded in nanopores of glass

This paper reports on a study of the resistance and differential magnetic susceptibility χ _ac of lead embedded in nanosized glass pores with a diameter of ∼7 mm, which was performed at temperatures of 6–300 K and magnetic fields of up to 6 T. The field dependence of the resistance R(H) and the temperature dependences of the real, χ″(T), and imaginary, χ″(T), parts of magnetic susceptibility reveal indications of superconducting phase transitions associated with the volume and surface superconductivity of Pb nanopar ticles. The measurements of the field dependence of resistance have been used to set up the H _c -T _c phase diagram and to carry out a comparison with the study of the heat capacity performed on the same samples.     

Electron-phonon scattering in potassium at high magnetic fields

We have measured the temperature dependence of both the zero-field resistivity and the transverse magnetoresistance of polycrystalline potassium wires (?(300 K)/?(4.2 K)=140 to 6000) in fieldsH?35 kG and at temperaturesT?4.2 K. Our principal findings are: 1) The presence of a large magnetic fieldH=35 kG does not alter the temperature dependence of ? from that observed atH=0; below 4.2 K theT-dependent part of the resistivities,_?T (H=0) and_?T (H=35 kG), fit well to the function exp (?Θ*/T) with the same Θ*=23K. 2) Deviations from Matthiessen's rule are significantly reduced in a strong field so that the magnitude of_?T (H=0) approaches that of_?T (H=35 kG) as sample purity decreases. 3) The slope of the high-field linear magnetoresistance increases slightly (?8%) from 1.5 K to 4.2 K. We attribute the exponential temperature dependence of_?T (H) to the freezing out of electron-phonon umklapp processes as has been shown for the zero-field resistivity. The reduction in deviations from Matthiessen's rule at high fields can be understood within semiclassical theory, but the latter cannot explain the failure of_?T (H) to saturate at high fields. A proposal by Young that electron-phonon umklapp scattering may contribute aT-dependent high-field linear magnetoresistance in potassium is considered.     

Dynamic and static phases of vortices under an applied drive in a superconducting stripe with an array of weak links

Static and dynamic properties of superconducting vortices in a superconducting stripe with a periodic array of weakly-superconducting (or normal metal) regions are studied in the presence of external magnetic and electric fields. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory is used to describe the electronic transport, where the anisotropy is included through the spatially-dependent critical temperature T _c . Superconducting vortices penetrating into the weak-superconducting region with smaller T _c are more mobile than the ones in the strong superconducting regions. We observe periodic entrance and exit of vortices which reside in the weak link for some short interval. The mobility of the weakly-pinned vortices can be reduced by increasing the uniform applied magnetic field leading to distinct features in the voltage vs. magnetic field response of the system.     

Investigation the positive moments on the M－T curve of YBCO films measured by using zero-field cooling

The superconducting transition of a YBCO film was measured by a MPMS-5 superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, using a zero-field cooling process. The experimental results have shown that there are positive magnetic moment and positive peak on the M－T curve. We have proven that these anomalous behaviours are due to measurement error, but not phase transition. We have proposed a simple formula to explain and to calculate quantitatively these anomalous behaviours. It was found that, provided dH>0.59H_p (dH is the inhomogeneous field of the remnant field, H_p is the fully penetrated field of the measured sample), the experimental results will be positive, not negative. If dH≥2H_p, the experimental results will be symmetrical to their real negative values. From the M－T curve, which has positive moment and positive peak below T_c (superconducting transition temperature), we found a new possible method to obtain H_p of the measured sample.     

The influence of magnetic ordering on the superconducting properties of amorphous (Zr1−xErx)3Rh alloys

The effect of Er impurities on the superconducting properties of an amorphous Zr₃Rh alloy has been studied. The Er impurities are found to exhibit magnetic behavior characteristic of a free Er³⁺ ion in a weak crystal field. Magnetic ordering of the Er moments is observed to occur at a temperature T_M which is proportional to the Er concentration. This ordering strongly influences superconductivity as evidenced by anomalous behavior in the concentration dependence of T_c. For concentrations near the critical Abrikosov-Gor'kov value, superconductivity appears to be induced by magnetic ordering. The superconducting critical field H_c2(T) is strongly effected by magnetic ordering and can be used to deduce information concerning the nature of the ordering. The results are analyzed in terms of theoretical models.     

Vortex glass scaling in Pb-doped Bi-2223 single crystal

We report on study of the vortex liquid in Pb-doped Bi-2223 single crystal using the in-plane resistivity measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field up to 6 T applied perpendicular to CuO planes. Below T _c at the upper part of superconducting transition we found Arrhenius-like resistivity behavior. With further temperature decrease close to onset of dissipation resistivity shows power law dependence on temperature signaling approaching vortex-glass transition. The critical exponents ν(z − 1) = 4.6 ± 0.5 are found to be field independent within experimental errors. We also present magnetic phase diagram defining region of nonzero critical current for Pb-doped Bi-2223 single crystal.     

Enhancement of superconductivity in disordered films by parallel magnetic field

We show that the superconducting transition temperature T _c (H) of a very thin highly disordered film with strong spin-orbital scattering can be increased by a parallel magnetic field H. This effect is due to the polarization of magnetic impurity spins, which reduces the full exchange scattering rate of electrons; the largest effect is predicted for spin-1/2 impurities. Moreover, for some range of magnetic impurity concentrations, the phenomenon of superconductivity induced by magnetic field is predicted: the superconducting transition temperature T _c (H) is found to be nonzero in the range of magnetic fields 0 < H* ≤ H ≤ H _c .