碳水混合物冲击压缩特性的理论研究

 采用固-液双相混合模型和分子流体的微扰变分统计理论,分别计算了石墨-水体系（ρ₀=1.233 g/cm³）和金刚石-水体系（ρ₀=1.238 g/cm³）的冲击压缩特性。结果表明：（1）在不发生石墨→金刚石相变和化学反应的低压区域（p<20 GPa）,这两种混合体系的冲击压缩曲线的差别并不明显;（2）在发生石墨→金刚石相变的高压区域（p>20 GPa）,这两种混合体系的冲击压缩曲线显著不同,且石墨-水体系更易压缩;（3）在45～60 GPa强冲击压力范围内,冲击波诱发的化学反应也不会显著影响这两种体系冲击压缩曲线的走势。上述结论与文献（高压物理学报,1999,13(2):87-92）发表的实验结果相矛盾。进一步分析了引起理论与实验结果不一致的可能原因,并对文献中的实验结果及其理论分析结论提出质疑。     

铅(208)集体3－态电四极矩、电八极跃迁和跃迁密度的研究——生成坐标方法的应用

用生态坐标方法(GCM)^[1]a考虑集体3^－态与非集体粒子空穴对(ph)l⁺耦合模型计算了铅(208)3^－集体态的电四极知Q_[3－]、电八极约化跃迁几率B(E3)和跃迁密度ρ^tr_3－随核的径向距离r的变化曲线. 结果是:Q_[3－]=－0.098eb¹⁾,B(E3)=38w.u.²⁾. 计算中没有像通常那样假设一个有效核子电荷而是在GCM框架下考虑核心激发进行微观计算, 其结果与实验符合, 说明GCM能够对核元激发的耦合作微观研究.     

MIT口袋模型中的π0→2γ衰变

本文用MIT口袋模型和波包方法计算了π⁰→2γ过程的宽度. 计算发现m_π→0是一个好的近似. MIT口袋模型给出, Γ(π⁰→2γ)∝m³_π/F²_π, 这种形式与Adler的结果相符合, 但数字结果显示, Γ(π⁰→2γ)的理论值是实验值的2.7倍, 这个差主要来自F_π的理论值与实验值的差. 而这个差很强地依赖于MIT口袋模型的方程和边界条件, 从而对MIT口袋模型构成了一个检验.     

极化电子与极化核子的深度非弹散射过程

本文在光锥代数的基础上,用层子模型中核子的波函数和计算方法,由vW₂^P的实验曲线定出参数,并计算了 vG₁、v²G₂的值,得到了具有一定自旋取向的价层子的分布函数 h（?）（x）.其中波函数中的时空函数取类谐振子的形式.文中对具有 SU（6）对称和不具有 SU（6）对称的两种旋量结构进行了讨论.计算得到的 A₁^P×vW₂^P 的理论值与实验相符合,对 SU（6）对称情况得到6 integral from 0 to 1{vG₁^P-vG₁ⁿ}dx=-1.16,实验支持 SU（6）对称的波函数.     

压力对GdoBr:Eu晶场参数的影响

 在室温下测量了GdoBr:Eu的常压和高压荧光谱，光谱范围在13 000~21 500 cm^-1之间，压力至12 GPa。由光谱数据得到了Eu³⁺晶场能级随压力的变化曲线。⁷F_0～5能级随压力的变化规律比较复杂，而⁵D_0~2各能均随压力的升高几乎线性地降低。在基态谱项⁷F的49个状态上进行了晶场拟合计算，所得常压下的5个非零晶场参数分别为：B₀²＝-1 124.0 cm^-1，B₀⁴＝-969.6 cm^-1，B₄⁴＝827.9 cm^-1，B₀⁶＝889.6 cm^-1，B₄⁶＝377.0 cm^-1。高压下的计算结果表明，B₀⁴、B₀⁶这两个晶场参数随压力的增加而增大，B₄⁶随压力的增加而减小，而B₀²、B₄⁴随压力的变化有些起伏。晶场强度在8 GPa以下随压力增加而减小，其后开始变强。     

几种材料的等效粘性系数、初始可动位错密度和拖曳应力

 基于LY12铝、MB₂镁、铅、2^#铁和不锈钢等几种材料的弹性前驱波幅度随传播距离衰减的实验结果，应用含位错参量的速率相关本构方程，按照Gilman提议的位错运动速度的热激活模型，得出了LY12铝、MB₂镁、铅的可动位错密度N₀和拖曳应力τ₀的下限值分别为10⁶ cm^-2和0.1 GPa量级，不锈钢的N₀和τ₀为10⁸ cm^-2和1.5 GPa量级。根据弹性前驱波幅度衰减曲线，还得出了2^#铁、不锈钢的有效粘性系数μ的上限值为10⁴ Pa·s量级。LY12铝、MB₂ 镁的有效粘性系数μ的上限值为10³ Pa·s量级。     

超声波法测量大气折射率结构常数

 用AMK-02型超声波大气参数综合测量仪同时测量了常规气象参数和大气折射率结构常数C²_n，分析并找出了该仪器给出的C²_n在转换时刻与热丝温度脉动仪的测量结果差异较大的原因，是由于超声波法测量温度脉动精度太低，只能达到0.01 K。同时建立了另一种适用于超声波仪计算C²_n的方法，即利用该仪器准确的常规气象参数计算C²_n，其计算结果与热丝温度脉动仪的测量结果吻合较好。     

由裂变碎片角分布直接确定全熔合截面σfu

本工作采用固体径迹探测器（天然白云母）测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV¹²C离子轰击¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi等裂变反应碎片角分布。由相当于全部动量转移的裂变事件的碎片角分布统计理论分析直接确定了形成全熔合的临界角动量l_cr,根据锐截止模型计算了全熔合截面σ_fu。结果和按照R.Bass模型计算的全熔合激发函数做了比较。我们还分析了已经发表过的¹⁴N+Pb和¹²C+²³⁸U碎片角分布数据,由对碎片角分布数据理论分析得到的全熔合截面σ_fu和直接测量的结果很好的符合。     

在133Cs（n,γ）134Cs反应中产生的同质异能素截面比的测定

本工作是在14.8MeV中子能量下,测定了¹³³Cs（n,γ）¹³⁴Cs反应中产生的¹³⁴Cs同质异能素绝对截面: σ_n,γ^134mCs=1.76±0.14mb; σ_n,γ^134gCs=5.17±0.41mb; σ_n,γ^134m+gCs=6.93±0.55mb;同质异能素截面之比: σ_（134n）Cs/σ_（134g）Cs=0.34±0.03.这个结果与已发表的结果符合得很好。将此结果与用统计模型理论计算的结果比较,预言了自旋切割因子以及γ级联数。     

低密度硅橡胶冲击雨贡纽曲线测量

 采用阻抗匹配法测量了两种低密度（ρ₀＝0.45 g/cm³和ρ₀＝0.47 g/cm³）硅橡胶在2.5~15 GPa压力范围内的冲击雨贡纽参数，p-u_p和u_s-u_p曲线，并采用最小二乘法拟合出C₀，λ′和λ″的值。实验结果与理论预估值符合较好。     

金刚石膜的厚度及背表面过渡层对热导率的影响

 采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积（MWPCVD）方法制备金刚石膜，研究了金刚石膜的厚度以及生长初期的SiC过渡层对其热导率的影响，给出了膜厚和背表面SiC过渡层减薄厚度与金刚石膜热导率的关系。     

Effect of Regrown Graphite on the Growth of Large Gem Diamonds by Temperature Gradient Method

Generally, when growing high-quality large gem diamond crystals by temperature gradient method under high pressure and high temperature, the crystal growth rate is only determined by the temperature gradient. However, we find that the seed crystal cannot completely absorb all the diffused carbon sources, when growing gem diamonds under a higher temperature gradient. Other influence factors appear, and the growth rate of growing diamonds is partly dependent on the crystalline form of superfluous unabsorbed carbon source, flaky regrown graphite or small diamond crystals nucleated spontaneously. The present form is determined by the growth temperature if the pressure is fixed. Different from spontaneous diamond nuclei, the appearance of regrown graphite in the diamondstable region can retard the growth rate of gem diamonds substantially, even if the temperature gradient keeps unchanged. On the other hand, the formation mechanism of metastable regrown graphite in the diamond-stable region is also explained.     

凝聚态物质状态方程的一个数值模型

建立了凝聚态物质的一个三项式状态方程：以Faussurier平均原子模型为基础计算电子热压和电子热能;以Cowan模型为基础计算离子热压和离子热能;用基于实验数据的半经验拟合公式计算物质的冷压和冷能。用实验数据检验了用平均原子模型计算的平均电离度。将状态方程与Hugoniot关系式相结合,计算了Be和Al的冲击绝热曲线,结果充分地展现出电子在高温、高密度条件下的壳层结构效应。     

Characteristics of the heating dynamics of a graphite conductor taking into account the skin effect

Calculations for a one-dimensional model of RF heating of a cylindrical graphite conductor have been carried out. The heating dynamics are analyzed in the general form. Conductor temperature profiles and the times for heating up to the graphite sublimation temperature as a function of current and frequency have been obtained. A model of conductor heating with partial return of the energy irradiated by the conductor surface has been considered. Frequency and current ranges have been determined to carry out this graphite sublimation method in a chamber with reflecting walls. The problem is associated with carbon vapor production and subsequent synthesis of fullerenes and other carbon structures.     

A nonlinear thermal spike model for pyrolytic graphite under irradiation with 86Kr and 209Bi high-energy heavy ions

The temperature dependences of the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are introduced for a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite; i.e., the nonlinear model of a thermal spike is considered and a comparative analysis of the obtained results and those for the linear model of a thermal spike is performed. The temperature effects observed in the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with a change in the electron-phonon interaction coefficient g are investigated in detail. It is shown that, under irradiation of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite by bismuth ions with an energy of 710 MeV, the temperature on the surface of the target within the framework of the nonlinear model can exceed the sublimation temperature, whereas the temperature on the surface of the target under irradiation by krypton ions with an energy of 253 MeV does not exceed the sublimation temperature. The characteristic range of variations in the electron-phonon interaction coefficient g is evaluated. For values of g in this range, the thermal spike model explains the experimental data on the presence of structures in the form of hillocks with craters at their centers on the surface of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite exposed to irradiation by ²⁰⁹Bi ions and on the absence of such structures in the case of irradiation by ⁸⁶Kr ions.     

Binding energy of metals in pseudo-ion approximation

On the basis of pseudopotential theory we obtain a simple expression for the interaction energy between ions in a metallic system replacing the ion form factor in the direct (Coulomb) interaction by the pseudo-ion form factor of the indirect (conduction mediated) interaction. This substitution can be justified for non-overlapping radially symmetric rigid ions. For the pseudo-ion form factor (which includes ionic and orthogonalization effects) a model function is proposed and the model parameters are determined for lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and aluminium by fitting to experimental phonon dispersion curves. Using these form factors and an appropriate dielectric function we proceed to calculate binding energies. One finds that the values obtained show a remarkable agreement with experimental results. This suggests that the proposed reduced expression for the interaction energy and its numerical determination from experimental phonon curves is a good approximation method in evaluating and understanding the binding energy of a metal.     

Defects induced melting in alkali halides

In the present paper we study the pressure dependence of melting of NaCl and CsCl crystals. A formulation has been presented for the pressure dependence of melting temperature on the basis of the vacancy model using the expression for the pressure dependence of the volume of Schottky defects from the Roy-Roy equation of state. Values of pressure derivatives of melting temperature have been calculated at elevated pressures to determine the rate of change of melting temperature with increase in pressures using the data of vacancy formation energy and effective volume of Schottky defects. The vacancy model revised in the present study takes into account the variation of bulk modulus with pressure, whereas in the Ksiazek and Gorecki model, it was treated constant. Results for pressure derivative of melting temperature are calculated for the solids under study. The melting curves have also been obtained and found to compare well with results based on molecular dynamics simulation and experimental data reported in recent literature.     

高压熔渗生长法制备金刚石聚晶中碳的转化机制研究

在6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内, 利用高压熔渗生长法制备了纯金刚石聚晶, 深入研究了高温高压下金刚石聚晶生长过程中碳的转化机制. 利用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜检测, 发现在熔渗过程中金刚石层出现了石墨化现象, 在烧结过程中金刚石颗粒表面形貌发生了变化. 根据实验现象分析, 在制备过程中存在三种碳的转化机制: 1)金属熔渗阶段金刚石颗粒表面石墨化产生石墨; 2)产生的石墨在烧结阶段很快转变为填充空隙的金刚石碳; 3)金刚石直接溶解在金属溶液中, 以金刚石形式在颗粒间析出, 填充空隙. 本文研究碳的转化机制为在高温高压金属溶剂法合成金刚石的条件下(6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内)工业批量化制备无添加剂、无空隙的纯金刚石聚晶提供了重要的理论指导.     

Metastable Frenkel pair defect in graphite: source of Wigner energy?

The atomic processes associated with energy storage and release in irradiated graphite have long been subject to untested speculation. We examine structures and recombination routes for interstitial-vacancy (I-V) pairs in graphite. Interaction results in the formation of a new metastable defect (an intimate I-V pair) or a Stone-Wales defect. The intimate I-V pair, although 2.9 eV more stable than its isolated constituents, still has a formation energy of 10.8 eV. The barrier to recombination to perfect graphite is calculated to be 1.3 eV, consistent with the experimental first Wigner energy release peak at 1.38 eV. We expect similar defects to form in carbon nanostructures such as nanotubes, nested fullerenes, and onions under irradiation.