基于光纤光栅的冲击能检测

提出一种利用光纤光栅作为传感元构成传感阵列对冲击能进行检测的方法.通过搭建简易冲击系统装置,将光纤光栅应变传感器沿轴向对称粘贴于圆杆表面,对入射应力波能量进行检测.实验结果表明,两杆对心正冲击时入射应力波幅值最大,能量传递效率最高.通过分析频率域内的应力波信号可知,其能量主要集中在0~5 000Hz频率范围内.将入射应力波能量与冲杆动能进行对比,结果表明冲杆与圆杆传递能比在93%以上,基本满足冲击机械性能测试的需求.     

低成本长周期光纤光栅传感系统

研制了一种低成本长周期光纤光栅传感系统.利用高频CO2激光脉冲写入长周期光纤光栅边缘滤波效应原理,设计参考光路以补偿进入光电探测器前光路中各种扰动引起的光功率起伏.当输入为单波长信号光时,可以通过测量探测器输出的电信号来获得光纤光栅所承受的温度和应变信息.在温度实验里,温度和探测到的电信号成较好的二次关系,温度分辨率为0.014℃；在应变实验里,施加的应变和探测到的电信号成线性关系,应变分辨率为2.5 με.该传感系统结构简单,成本较低,响应快.     

铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的增敏特性研究

提出了一种光纤布喇格光栅的铝槽封装工艺,并对铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的应变与温度传感特性进行了实验研究和理论分析.与裸光纤光栅的测试结果比较表明,铝槽封装工艺基本不改变光纤光栅应变传感的灵敏性,但是温度灵敏度系数提高了3.5倍.经过该工艺封装的光纤光栅可以探测识别0.2 με的应变与0.02℃的温度变化.     

π相移光纤光栅水听器的超声波传感指向特性

π相移光纤光栅因具有较短的有效光栅传感长度,近年来成为了超声传感领域的研究热点.本研究旨在探究π相移光纤光栅作为水听器应用时对超声波的指向性特性.选取π相移光纤光栅作为超声传感单元,先基于分层介质的声传播理论计算出水中超声波入射时光纤纤芯的应变,再运用基于光学耦合模方程的传递矩阵法计算反射光谱得到光波长偏移.将角度-频率空间分为三个区域,计算了声波频率在1—10 MHz时不同角度下的应变结果和光波长偏移响应特性,并开展了实验研究.结果表明,理论和实验结果具有较高的一致性,π相移光纤光栅在超声波垂直光纤入射时响应最大,随声波入射方向与光纤法向间夹角的增加,π相移光纤光栅的声响应先急剧下降,后在水中直达声波和光纤中导波叠加时出现极大值.此外,π相移光纤光栅的声响应随声波频率增加而降低.本研究对π相移光纤光栅在超声传感中的实际应用具有重要意义.     

铜片封装光纤光栅传感器的应变和温度传感特性研究

提出了一种光纤光栅的铜片封装工艺，并通过实验和理论分析研究了光纤光栅的应变和温度传感特性.与裸光纤光栅的测试结果相比，铜片封装工艺基本不改变光纤光栅应变传感的灵敏度，但是温度灵敏度系数提高了2.78倍.经过铜片封装后的光纤光栅可以探测到的应变和温度分别为1 με和0.03℃，便于工程应用.     

动态匹配光栅解调方法波长读出优化研究

提出了采用一支价格低廉的微测力传感器作为匹配光栅解调系统的波长读出单元,不同于以往动态匹配光栅解调法采用拉伸匹配光栅的PZT驱动电压作为解调系统波长读出单元.当匹配光栅和传感光栅布喇格中心波长重叠时,光电探测器将接收到最大光信号.利用光纤光栅轴向受力和反射波长漂移的数学关系得到光纤光栅传感器的波长漂移.该解调系统解决了传统动态匹配解调系统中PZT本身特性对系统的影响,探测到的光纤光栅传感器反射波长和匹配光栅轴向受力大小具有很好的线性,系统线性大于0.999.本系统对于探测布喇格传感器应变分辩率达到1 με以下.     

基于新型长周期光纤光栅的低成本应变传感系统

首次利用高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅的边缘滤波效应，实现了静态与动态应变的测量.使用单波长输入光，光信号经过长周期光纤光栅衰减后进入光电探测器，最终输出电压信号.当对光栅施加应变时，其中心波长将发生漂移，由于光栅阻带的边缘滤波效应，光电探测器接收的光强会随之变化，测量其输出的电信号，可以得出光栅发生的应变大小与频率.对于静态应变测量，可分辨的最小应变小于10 με，精度为±10 με;在动态实验中,发现光栅能够响应5 kHz以上的动态应变.这种传感系统结构简单，成本低,响应快.     

光纤超声传感器及应用研究进展

光纤超声传感器通过检测光纤内传输光的强度、波长、相位、偏振态等参数感知超声波的相关信息.相比于传统的电类超声换能器,光纤超声传感器能够实现宽频带超声波信号的高灵敏探测,且其良好的抗干扰能力和复用性,可有效地提高超声波探测的可靠性和效率,在水下国防安全、生物成像、无损探伤、地震物理模型成像等领域具有巨大的应用潜力.目前,按照传感结构,光纤超声传感器可分为光纤强度调制型、光纤干涉型和光纤光栅型,并在不同方面发挥着各自的优势,均受到关注.本文主要综述了这几种传感器的传感机理、实现方法、发展现状,总结了光纤超声传感器的几个应用领域及面临的科学技术挑战,重点讨论了光纤超声传感器作为一种新技术应用于地震物理模型成像.     

非线性光纤光栅在禁带内对光脉冲压缩的机制

研究了非线性光纤光栅在禁带内对光脉冲的压缩机制，结果表明这是一介储能－调出禁带的过程，入射脉冲首先在光纤光栅中激发能量密度波包，它是有限长光纤光栅中的准孤立波，其在光纤光栅输出端的能量损失形成输出脉冲，并决定了输出脉冲的脉宽和峰值功率。在脉冲压缩过程中，自振荡效应可以导致输出脉冲的分裂，利用这种效应可以提高脉冲压缩比。     

啁啾相移光纤光栅分布式应变与应变点精确定位传感研究

利用啁啾相移光纤光栅狭缝的中心波长对应变点和应变量的波长敏感性,实现应变与应变点精确定位的传感.当啁啾光纤光栅上的某一位置产生微应变时,该应变点会产生相移,其频谱则会出现一个与之对应的狭缝,且狭缝的深度和中心波长与应变的大小和位置相关.当串接不同中心波长的啁啾光纤光栅后,即可实现一定范围内的分布式应变与应变点精确定位检测.本文通过V-I传输矩阵法建立了狭缝深度和中心波长关于应变量和应变位置的理论模型,分析结果表明理论上可以实现微米量级的精确定位.搭建了级联啁啾相移光纤光栅的分布式应变传感装置,实验获得的最大应变灵敏度为0.19 pm/με.该精确定位传感装置在先进制造、精密加工、航空航天、铁路系统等高新技术领域具有重要的应用前景.     

Dynamic strain monitoring by wavelength locking between two fiber Bragg gratings fiber sensing system

We demonstrated a fiber sensing system using the method of wavelength locking of two identical fibers Bragg gratings (FBG) to interrogate the wavelength shift by directly measuring the intensity of the reflection from the sensing Bragg grating. The light source of the fiber sensing system is an EDFA fiber ring laser pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and a narrow bandwidth fiber Bragg grating for the filter of the ring laser resonator. The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering. The characteristics and key factors to maintain stability of the dynamic strain sensing system are discussed.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Ytterbium-doped Y2O3 nanoparticle silica optical fibers for high power fiber lasers with suppressed photodarkening

We report efficient laser demonstration and spectroscopic characteristics of a Yb-doped Y₂O₃ (or Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticle silica fiber developed by conventional fiber fabrication technique. The spectroscopy study evidences modification in the environment of Yb ions by the Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. As a result, photodarkening induced loss is reduced by 20 times relative to Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers. The fiber is suitable for power scaling with good laser slope efficiency of 79%.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Effects of band mixing on the radiative properties of a quantum well

The effect of band mixing and non-parabolicity on quantum well gain and spontaneous emission is studied using k.p theory. Spectra of gain and spontaneous emission are strongly modified but the relation of maximum gain versus nominal current density is not strongly affected.     

Analysis of Longitudinal Mode Suppression in a Fiber Ring Laser Containing Two Optical Filters

We report the results from the characterization and optimization of a stable erbium-doped fiber ring laser that uses two optical filters. The observed laser performance and the measured longitudinal mode patterns are presented. The influence of the combination of the two optical filters on the mode suppression is evaluated. We obtained the matched condition for operation of the optical filters that most improved the laser performance. An estimate of the relative intensity noise due to the introduction of the laser in a communication system is also presented. As a consequence of the mode suppression, a sharp laser linewidth narrowing is con firmed.     

Characterization of Fibers in an Existing Network for High Speed System (10Gb/s or Greater) Compatibility

With OC-192 communications systems being commercially available and higher bit rate systems in development, prudent telecommunications network administrators are testing their installed fibers to determine if they can be successfully used at 10 Gb/s and higher. Together with New Brunswick Telephone (NBTel), the Fiber Optics Group at UNB have tested various installed fibers and cables in the NBTel network for their losses at wavelengths of 1244, 1310, 1550, and 1625 nm, as well as for strain and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Weather conditions, age, place of installation, and cable types have also been considered. Aging does not seem to affect the performance of the fibers. Although most fibers are high-speed system compatible when looking at attenuation measurements, about 40% of the fibers tested would not meet the 10 Gb/s OC-192 system manufacturer's design guidelines concerning PMD.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验

克服死区是闭环光纤陀螺设计中需要考虑的重要问题.实验表明本文采用的方法可以方便地克服死区.这是国内报道的首例克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验.     

Advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in china

The advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in China is reviewed. The main features of the long wavelength semiconductor lasers and photodetectors are presented.