轴向剪切流对Z箍缩等离子体瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的抑制

利用理想磁流体力学模型对有轴向剪切流的Z箍缩等离子体不稳定性进行了分析。给出了可压缩模型的色散关系,分别对可压缩及不可压缩模型中轴向剪切流对Z箍缩等离子体瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的抑制作用进行了比较,讨论了可压缩性对含有轴向剪切流系统不稳定性的影响。结果表明,可压缩性能够减缓瑞利-泰勒P凯尔文-亥姆霍兹(RTPKH)模扰动的增长,因而使得轴向剪切流对系统不稳定性的抑制作用表现得更为突出。计算结果还说明,在RT不稳定性线性增长阶段,等离子体温度较低,使用可压缩模型能够更真实地描述系统的状态。     

Z箍缩内爆的MARED程序数值模拟分析

MARED程序是模拟Z箍缩内爆过程的二维三温辐射磁流体力学程序,它适用于不同装置条件和不同负载参数.利用MARED程序对Z箍缩内爆进行模拟,结合丝阵Z箍缩实验分析表明:相同负载质量条件下,钨丝阵内爆产生的X射线辐射功率远大于铝丝阵产生的X射线功率;相同负载电流条件下,负载质量越大,计算得到的X射线功率越低;X射线功率随着负载电流增加而增加.MARED程序能够较好地反映Z箍缩内爆动力学过程,特别是不稳定性发展的二维图像,能够给出与不稳定性简化模型的理论分析及实验结果定性一致的演化规律.MARED程序模拟丝阵填充泡沫形成辐射场的初步计算得到了与Sandia实验室模拟Z装置上丝阵填充泡沫定性一致的结果.     

Z箍缩内爆的MARED程序1维模拟分析

 研制可靠的数值模拟工具对Z箍缩内爆产生X光辐射过程进行理论研究、实验分析以及负载设计至关重要。介绍了2维三温辐射磁流体力学程序（MARED）的物理方案,给出了MARED程序的1维检验结果,验证表明MARED程序适用不同装置条件、不同负载参数。结合丝阵Z箍缩实验的数值模拟和分析表明：相同负载质量条件下,钨丝阵内爆产生的X光辐射功率远大于铝丝阵产生的X光功率;相同负载电流条件下,负载质量越大,计算得到X光功率越低;X光功率随着负载电流增加而增加。     

轴向流对Z箍缩等离子体稳定性的影响

利用理想磁流体力学(MHD)模型对有轴向流参与的Z箍缩等离子体不稳定性进行了分析.对可压缩平板等离子体模型的色散关系进行了推导，讨论了三种不同等离子体状态下的不稳定性增长率.结果显示，等离子体的可压缩性对磁瑞利-泰勒/开尔文-亥姆霍兹(MRT/KH)杂化不稳定性有抑制作用，改善了轴向剪切流对长波长扰动的影响.分析了不同轴向流速度分布对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明，对于峰值相同的不同轴向流，其对不稳定性的抑制效果只依赖于扰动集中区域内速度剪切的大小，与其他位置的速度剪切无关. 关键词： Z箍缩 磁瑞利-泰勒不稳定性 轴向剪切流 MHD方程     

快Z箍缩钨丝阵内爆物理研究

 通过理论和实验研究了快Z箍缩电磁内爆动力学物理过程及其辐射特性，完成了1维和2维辐射磁流体动力学数值模拟程序。利用阳加速器、强光一号脉冲功率装置、S-300装置和Angara-5-1装置，开展了实验研究，发展了一系列观察Z箍缩等离子体辐射的诊断系统。研制了单层、双层钨丝阵及单层丝阵加聚氘乙烯芯等负载。重点研究了能量耦合和内爆动力学规律。     

应用于Z箍缩等离子体X光产额测量的闪烁体功率计

介绍了在"阳"加速器上使用的闪烁体功率计结构和测量参数,讨论了功率计在北京同步辐射装置上的标定实验,分析了标定结果及由此结果可能给最后实验结果带来的误差,并探讨了修正该误差可行的办法,利用Dante谱仪测得的能谱对功率计测试结果进行修正。修正后,两套设备之间的测试结果差异由原来的30%以上降至15%以内。最后给出了利用软X光闪烁体功率计进行喷气Z箍缩等离子体辐射测量的结果,得到"阳"加速器上喷气Z箍缩负载产生的软X光辐射峰值功率为几十GW,能量产额数百J。     

金属丝阵列Z箍缩装置中的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性

磁流体瑞利－泰勒（RT）不稳定性是Z箍缩装置研究中的重要理论课题。引入一个金属丝阵列型Z箍缩的雪耙模型,对RT不稳定性的扰动幅值进行了初步的定量分析,提出了用剪切轴向流来抑制和减弱Z箍缩中的RT不稳定性,并探索了其它可用来抑制这种超快过程产生的不稳定性的方法。     

有限拉莫尔半径和剪切轴向流组合稳定瑞利-泰勒不稳定性

本文参照不可压缩粘滞磁流体动力学方程，考查粘滞对环形等离子体内爆瑞利一泰勒（RT）不稳定性的影响。这里，粘滞效应按文献是指有限拉莫尔半径，用有限拉莫尔半径代替通常的平均自由程。换言之，把有限拉莫尔半径项看成有效粘滞项。即，在等离子体动量方程中称为同旋粘滞项。由于引入了速度剪切，开耳芬．亥姆霍兹不稳定性也包含其中。结果表明，在Z箍缩内爆中，有限拉莫尔半径对磁瑞利-泰勒不稳定性起强稳定作用，而且剪切轴向流和有限拉莫尔半径的组合效应能够极大减小瑞利-泰勒不稳定性。     

喷气Z箍缩高速扫描摄影

内爆Z箍缩是一种强的软X射线源，它在核武器物理、核武器效应模拟和惯性聚变等方面有重要的应用前景。喷气Z箍缩是以气体作为负载来产生等离子体，其内爆技术的研究主要集中在20世纪80年代及90年代早期，等离子体半径、压缩速度与时间关系是压缩过程中最为基本的参数。在本次实验研究中，用高速变像管扫描相机首次拍摄了阳加速器在负载为氖气状态下等离子内爆箍缩过程具有时间分辨的扫描像。     

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针对实验室等离子体的辐射物理条件和等离子体箍缩三温的数值模型,提出一种定量计算Z箍缩等离子体辐射能谱的近似方法。在给出计算能谱结构的理论方法之后,再将这种近似计算方法编入到Kr喷气Z箍缩等离子体X射线辐射的二维三温辐射磁流体力学模型中,得出典型Kr喷气Z箍缩X射线辐射的能谱分布。对照"强光一号"加速器Kr喷气箍缩实验测量得到的辐射能谱分布,分析了理论与实测结果之间存在的偏差。     

铝丝阵Z箍缩辐射产生机理初步研究

利用一维非平衡辐射磁流体力学程序研究了铝丝阵内爆过程中的能量转化规律和辐射产生机理.细致讨论了Z箍缩过程中脉冲功率驱动器电磁能馈入等离子体,等离子体动能转化为内能以及通过一系列原子过程电子内能转化为X射线辐射的能量转化机理.结合离子布居信息深入分析了Z箍缩过程中的辐射产生机理.结果表明,在内爆压缩阶段,电离和激发过程占优,线辐射占据总辐射的绝大部分.在滞止时,离子大都处于裸核离化度,连续谱辐射达到峰值.在滞止附近,线辐射出现两个峰值.在膨胀过程中,光电复合过程优于三体复合,线辐射占总辐射的份额逐渐下降.     

Z箍缩动态黑腔驱动靶丸内爆动力学

利用Z箍缩动态黑腔驱动靶丸内爆是实现惯性约束聚变可能的技术途径之一.聚龙一号装置已开展的动态黑腔实验初步表明形成了有效的动态黑腔辐射场,为驱动靶丸内爆研究奠定了重要基础.针对聚龙一号装置驱动条件,通过建立包含柱形动态黑腔与球形靶丸的柱球耦合物理模型,利用二维辐射磁流体力学程序,对Z箍缩动态黑腔驱动靶丸内爆动力学过程进行了数值模拟研究,获得了丝阵等离子体内爆、丝阵等离子体与泡沫转换体相互作用、冲击波产生和黑腔辐射传输、辐射烧蚀和燃料压缩的完整过程.在此基础上,研究了靶丸赤道面和两极的辐射源均匀性及燃料压缩对称性.结果表明,由于在泡沫转换体中的辐射传输以及黑腔-靶能量耦合过程,靶丸赤道面与两极辐射波形存在一定的时间差和峰值差,造成燃料压缩不对称.若减小靶丸半径,可以提高燃料压缩的对称性,但靶丸半径很小时聚变产额也较低;靶丸半径较大时,由于靶丸赤道面和两极辐射场时间和温度峰值的较大差异,燃料压缩呈现更为明显的不对称性.     

Observation of collisionless plasma heating by strong shock waves

The heating of a plasma by collisionless shock waves is investigated by measuring the variation of magnetic field (with magnetic probes), density and electron temperature (from Thomson scattering of laser light) in the shock waves. The compression waves are produced in a tube of 14 cm diameter by the fast rising magnetic field (12 kG in 0.5Μsec) of a theta pinch. For shocks with Mach numbers between 2 and 3 propagating into a hydrogen or deuterium plasma with a localΒ of about 1 (Β=ratio of particle pressure to magnetic pressure) the measured jump in density and magnetic field across the front is 2 to 4, and the electron temperature increases in the front from 3 to 50 eV with a further rise to between 100 and 250 eV in the piston region. Only about 20% of the measured electron heating can be explained by adiabatic heating and resistive heating based on binary collisions, indicating a high turbulent plasma resistance. Both the observed electron heating and the width of the shock front, which is about 0.6 ·c/Ω _p, can be accounted for using an effective collision frequency close to the ion plasma frequencyΩ _p. The ion heating in the almost stationary shock fronts can be inferred indirectly from the steady state conservation relations. For shock waves with Mach numbersM<M _crit it seems to be consistent with an adiabatic heating process, whereas forM>M _crit the calculated ion temperatures exceed those one would except for a merely adiabatic heating.     

Z箍缩丝阵烧蚀的简单模型数值模拟

丝阵烧蚀在丝阵Z箍缩动力学中扮有重要角色,透彻理解丝阵烧蚀对于丝阵Z箍缩动力学的研究至关重要。采用简单模型数值模拟了烧蚀过程,该模型物理上采用绝热、单流体、单相、磁流体力学近似,数值上采用欧拉法结合保单调输运格式来离散。数值结果很好地展示了烧蚀过程的主要特征,例如芯-冕结构、径向等离子体流、轴线上先驱等离子体柱的形成、静止丝芯的长寿命以及延长的烧蚀期,一些关键时间参数定量或定性地相符于文献报道的实验和数值结果,例如冕等离子体角向融合的时刻、等离子体首次到达轴线的时刻、丝芯静止持续的时间、最后的箍缩滞止时刻,但某些方面略有差异。     

CH薄膜非平衡辐射烧蚀的特性

 用一维多群辐射输运流体力学RDMG程序数值模拟研究了在神光-II黑腔辐射源条件下，非平衡辐射烧蚀CH薄膜的过程，给出了与平衡辐射烧蚀不同的烧蚀图像，得到了非平衡辐射烧蚀相关的数值定律。     

Z箍缩动态黑腔冲击波辐射图像诊断

在“聚龙一号”装置上开展了单层钨丝阵加载重泡沫的动态黑腔实验, 初步研究了Z 箍缩动态黑腔中冲击波传播和黑腔形成的物理过程. 获得了冲击波辐射环的演化图像, 分析了丝阵等离子体与泡沫的作用过程及动态黑腔内的辐射特性. 测得冲击波的向心传播速度为(14.2±1.7) cm/μs, 冲击波平均宽度为0.8-0.9 mm. 冲击波辐射环的发光强度沿角向分布的标准偏差约为±10%, 中心黑腔区的标准偏差约为±4.2%.     

Radiative heating of thin Al foils by intense extreme ultraviolet radiation

The effect of induced transparency of thin Al foils radiatively heated by intense extreme ultraviolet (EVU) radiation has been observed. The radiation of the plasma of Z-pinches appearing under the compression of tungsten liners at the Angara-5-1 facility has been used as the radiation that heats the Al foil (peak illumination on the foil ~0.55 TW/cm²) and is transmitted through it. The photoabsorption has been studied in the formed aluminum plasma at temperatures of ~10–30 eV in the density range of ~1–20 mg/cm³ in the wavelength range of ~5–24 nm. Absorption lines of Al^4+...7+ ions have been identified in the experimental spectrum. In addition, radiative gas-dynamic simulations of the foil heating and expansion have been performed taking into account radiation transfer processes.     

Two dynamics modes in planar wire array Z pinch implosion

Two dynamics modes,named short ablation mode and long ablation mode,are observed in implosion experiments of planar wire array Z pinch on ’QiangGuang-I’ facility utilizing an optical streak camera.The long ablation mode has a lagged trajectory compared with the short ablation mode.For shot 10035 in a short ablation mode,the initial time of K-shell radiation is consistent with the interaction time for ablation plasma arriving at the centre of wire array,while for shot 10038 in long ablation mode,the initial time of K-shell radiation is about 10 ns earlier.In the two modes,the partial ablation plasma could traverse the wire array plane and then collide in the centre to form a dense plasma column with a diameter of 2.2 mm for shot 10035 and 1.5 mm for shot 10038.     

Adiabatic Index in Shock‐Compressed Beryllium

We present a method to measure the adiabatic index of a material under shock compression by X‐ray Thomson Scattering. A beryllium target is symmetrically compressed by two counterpropagating shock waves that collide in the target center, producing super dense states of matter of up to 6 fold compression. We measure the density before and after the shock collision and solve the Hugoniot relations for colliding shocks to infer the adiabatic index. Our results indicate that the adiabatic index stays rather high even in the high compression regime. This agrees with a linear scaling model taken from the SESAME equation of state and shows that the adiabatic index becomes significantly different from the ratio of heat capacities in this strongly coupled plasma (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The MAGO system (magnetic compression)

Results of experimental and theoretical investigations are presented in the frame of magnetohydrodynamic implosion conception MAGnitnoye Obzhatiye or magnetic compression (MAGO). This approach suggests magnetized deuterium-tritium (DT)-plasma preliminary heating and its subsequent adiabatic compression by liner imploded by a magnetic field. DT-plasma preliminary heating is performed using a special plasma chamber MAGO where magnetized plasma is accelerated in an annular nozzle up to velocities ~100 cm/μs and heated in arising collisionless shock waves. Subsequent plasma compression and bringing of its characteristics to the ignition can be realized using explosive magnetic generators with energy 100-500 MJ. This paper discusses the plasma chamber MAGO, physical effects essential for its operation, their relation with other plasma physics areas, as well as problems arising in the MAGO system. Due to its cylindrical symmetry with sole toroidal magnetic field component and essential role of magnetohydrodynamics, the MAGO system and its problems are similar to these in related systems, such as Z-pinches, plasma accelerators, and liner systems