表面贴装封装发光二极管的结构设计

为了提高表面贴片封装(SMD)发光二极管(LED)封装结构的封装效率,根据LED的光学结构和性质,建立了简化的SMD LED封装结构模型,并实现了LED封装结构的连续自动生成、仿真和优化。仿真结果表明:在色温相同的条件下,光通量和辐射通量呈线性关系,侧壁的改变会造成白光光通量先增加后减少的趋势。通过对3款不同侧壁张角的LED进行测试,测试结果与仿真结果光通量趋势相同,并得到了对于这种封装方式的最佳侧壁张角为60°的结论,验证了仿真的正确性。     

超声显微检测技术在电子封装中的应用与发展

超声显微检测技术应用于电子封装领域始于上世纪80年代,如今已是检测电子封装可靠性和完整性的重要手段,被广泛应用到了电子封装的缺陷检测和精密测量等方面。针对电子封装的超声显微检测存在回波重叠、信噪比低等问题,近年来,发展了许多时频分析方法,用于获得优于常规方法的纵向分辨率,即实现超分辨率。本文首先介绍了超声显微检测的发展历史,对其检测原理和分辨率理论进行了简述;其次,综述了超声显微检测技术在电子封装中的主要应用与发展现状;然后,对超声显微检测的超分辨率成像方法进行了综述,分别介绍了基于小波分析的反卷积、连续小波变换和稀疏表示在实现超分辨率时的原理及适用场景;最后,探讨归纳了电子封装超声显微检测的主要研究方向及难点。     

边缘重构对锯齿型石墨烯纳米带电子输运的影响

实验研究表明石墨烯纳米带中广泛地存在边缘结构重构且稳定的边缘缺陷结构.本文采用第一性原理的计算方法研究了锯齿型石墨烯纳米带中边缘结构重构形成的两种不同缺陷结构对材料电子输运性能的影响.研究发现两种缺陷边缘结构对稳定纳米尺度位型结构和电子能带结构具有显著影响,它使得费米能级发生移动并引起了共振背散射.两种边缘缺陷重构均抑制了费米能级附近电子输运特性并导致不同区域的电子完全共振背散射,电导的抑制不仅与边缘缺陷结构的大小有关,它更取决于边缘缺陷重构位型引起的缺陷态的具体分布和电子能带的移动.     

基于图像数据封装包文的数据采集方法

针对如何在工业应用中找到一种实现周期更短和更低成本的图像数据采集方法进行了研究。通过分析以太网帧格式和JPEG图像数据特点,给出了一种对JPEG图像帧进行分片并对分片进行数据封装的方法,在此基础之上实现了基于图像数据封装包文的数据采集设计。最后在FPGA环境中对该设计进行了实现,此实现成功应用到了工程项目当中。实践表明,基于图像数据封装包文的数据采集方法能够在不添加外置存储器等复杂器件的情况下实现稳定的、实时的JPEG图像数据采集。     

不同封装方式对肖特基二极管高频性能的影响

肖特基二极管是太赫兹接收机的关键器件,通过在高频下对不同封装形式的肖特基二极管进行建模仿真,研究不同封装方式对肖特基二极管性能的影响。首先通过建立肖特基二极管的仿真模型,在高频结构仿真软件HFSS中对肖特基二极管在0~120GHz频段进行仿真,得到该肖特基二极管的S参数,并对S参数仿真结果和实测结果进行对比,证明了该二极管模型的准确性。然后分别建立肖特基二极管的普通封装模型和肖特基二极管的倒装芯片(flip-chip)封装模型,并对这两种封装模型进行仿真,得到其在两种不同封装结构下的S参数,进而对两种不同封装方式的S参数的-3dB带宽以及相位一致性进行对比分析。最终,对应用于太赫兹波段的肖特基二极管由于封装不同而带来的带宽以及相位的区别及其成因进行分析,论证了flipchip封装更适合应用于太赫兹波段的肖特基二极管,与普通封装相比,该封装在高频下对肖特基二极管的电性能有比较大的改进。     

基于预应力的超低温漂光纤光栅封装技术实验研究

提出了一种基于预应力的超低温漂光纤光栅封装方法并进行了实验测试,通过分析光纤光栅的应力和温度交叉作用的原理,结合硬铝材料和石英管材料不同的膨胀系数,在光纤光栅上施加预应力的结构来解决光纤光栅温度补偿问题;通过设计和制作含预应力的封装结构产生负温度效应的方法,使封装的光纤光栅实现光纤光栅中心波长超低温度漂移。实验结果表明:在温度为20～80℃的测试范围内,这种封装结构可实现光纤光栅0.0002nm/℃的超低温度漂移,而且具有良好的稳定性和一致性。     

SEM扫描云纹法的相移技术研究

提出一种扫描电镜(SEM)扫描云纹法的相移新技术,通过SEM系统控制电镜电子束扫描线移动,对获取的云纹图像实现0-2π范围内的四步相移,从而获得了更高的位移测量灵敏度。同时对SEM扫描云纹法的测量原理以及相移实验技术的原理进行了详细的阐述。并将该技术应用到电子封装试件栅的相移分析中。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,该方法为微米云纹法的条纹处理提供了一种新途径。     

高k介质栅材料电子辐照下的红外研究

本文研究了SiO_2/Si、SiNX/Si、Al_2O_3/Si这三种具有不同介电常数(k)栅介质材料结构在1.7 MeV电子辐照前后的傅里叶红外光谱。随着辐照剂量的增大,三种结构的吸收峰强度均随之减小,其振动模式受到影响。电子辐照SiO_2/Si结构后,振动吸收峰随着辐照剂量的增大,由Si-O-Si、Si-O键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向低波数移动。电子辐照SiNX/Si结构后,由Si-N键、Si-O键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向高波数移动。电子辐照Al_2O_3/Si结构后,由Al_2O_3的晶格振动,Al-O-Al键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向高波数移动。吸收峰的变化为电子辐照不同介质材料引入的缺陷提供了新的信息。     

光纤光栅边孔封装技术

提出了一种新型的光纤光栅压力增敏封装技术——边孔封装技术,它通过改变封装体的几何结构实现了高倍数的压力增敏效果,较大程度减小了压力增敏倍数对聚合物材料参量的依赖性。采用有限元理论建立了边孔封装结构的压力传感模型,分析了封装体几何结构变化对封装后压力灵敏度的影响。采用聚合物材料进行了封装制作实验,测量结果表明封装后光纤光栅的压力灵敏度为5251 pm/MPa,是封装前压力灵敏度的1750倍,并将交叉敏感问题改善了近三个数量级,可满足高精度水下压力测量的应用要求。     

后栅结构四针状纳米ZnO场致发射显示器的研制

为了解决二极结构FED驱动电压高的问题,设计制作了后栅式三极结构纳米ZnO场致发射显示器,进行了场致发射实验,验证这种结构的可行性。采用丝网印刷厚膜技术实现后栅极结构FED的制作,工艺简单,实现了较低电压的调制。对影响场致发射性能的栅极电压、阳极电压进行了分析讨论。将阴栅极板和荧光屏封装成5英寸三极结构的场致发射显示器,实现了稳定的场致电子发光显示。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.