纳米复合永磁材料的有效各向异性与矫顽力

研究了纳米Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe复合永磁材料中晶粒交换耦合相互作用对有效各向异性的影响和变化规律.结果表明：晶粒之间的交换耦合作用使材料的有效各向异性Keff随晶粒尺寸的减小而下降、随软磁性相成分的增加而降低. 当晶粒尺寸 减小到4nm时，Keff值减小为其各自通常各向异性常数值的1/3—1/4.有效各向异性的变化特点与矫顽力的变化规律基本相同.纳米复合永磁材料矫顽力的降低主要由于有效各向异性的减小而引起. 关键词： 纳米复合永磁材料 交换耦合相互作用 有效各向异性 矫顽力     

晶粒易轴取向度对纳米晶永磁Pr2Fe14B磁性的影响

构造了立方和不规则形状晶粒的各向异性纳米晶单相r2Fe14B磁体.利用微磁学的有限元法,模拟计算了样品的磁滞回线.计算结果表明,随着磁体晶粒易轴取向度的变差,磁体的剩磁、矫顽力均随之下降.不同晶粒尺寸的纳米晶单相Pr2Fe14B磁体,其磁性能随取向度的变化快慢不同,原因在于磁体中的晶间交换作用(IGEC)的强弱不同.随着晶粒取向度的提高,纳米晶单相磁体的矫顽力逐渐增加,这完全不同于烧结磁体.     

稀土永磁体及复合磁体反磁化过程和矫顽力

稀土永磁体即使内秉性质相同,但矫顽力可能相差很大.本文以Pr-Fe-B磁体为例,从热激活反磁化即反磁化临界过程探讨决定矫顽力的关键因素.Pr-Fe-B晶粒表层缺陷区与晶粒内部耦合推动反磁化畴形核从而去钉扎,晶粒表层缺陷区的各向异性对克服晶粒内部势垒具有贡献,因此反磁化形核场和矫顽力大大降低.由于晶粒表层缺陷区与晶粒内部耦合,在反磁化临界过程磁畴壁尺寸稍大于理论尺寸.具有软、硬磁相结构的Pr-Fe-B复合磁体,软、硬磁相晶粒之间交换耦合作用也会增大反磁化畴壁尺寸.软、硬磁交换耦合的能量对克服硬磁相晶粒内部各向异性势垒也会有贡献,这将进一步降低磁体矫顽力.添加Ti,Nb高熔点金属,复合磁体矫顽力显著提高.分析认为,这不仅仅是磁体晶粒尺寸减小的缘故.热激活尺寸减小说明磁畴壁中包含的硬磁相晶粒表层缺陷区尺寸减小,硬磁相表面和两相界面各向异性对克服硬磁相晶粒内部势垒的贡献减小,反磁化所需外磁场增大.     

晶粒易轴取向度对纳米晶永磁Pr2Fe14B磁性的影响

构造了立方和不规则形状晶粒的各向异性纳米晶单相Pr₂Fe₁₄B磁体 .利用微磁学的有限元法，模拟计算了样品的磁滞回线.计算结果表明，随着磁体晶粒易轴取向度的变差， 磁体的剩磁、矫顽力均随之下降.不同晶粒尺寸的纳米晶单相Pr₂Fe_{14B磁体，其磁 性能随取向度的变化快慢不同，原因在于磁体中的晶间交换作用 (IGEC) 的强弱不同.随着 晶粒取向度的提高，纳米晶单相磁体的矫顽力逐渐增加，这完全不同于烧结磁体. 关键词： 纳米晶磁体 矫顽力 剩磁}     

交换耦合相互作用对纳米晶粒各向异性的影响

研究纳米磁性材料晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用,提出适合各种耦合条件晶粒界面及表面处各向异性的表达式.结果表明:软、硬磁性相晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用降低了硬磁性相晶粒的各向异性,提高了软磁性相晶粒的各向异性.软硬磁性晶粒的平均各向异性先增加后减小,在某个晶粒尺寸值达到最大值,这种变化趋势与相关的理论及实验结果一致.硬硬磁性晶粒的平均各向异性随晶粒尺寸的变化趋势与相关的实验结果也一致.     

利用FePt/Au多层膜结构制备垂直磁记录L10-FePt薄膜

利用磁控溅射方法在100℃的MgO单晶基片上制备了[FePt/Au]10多层膜,并研究了采用FePt/Au多层膜结构对FePt薄膜的有序化温度、矫顽力(HC)、垂直磁各向异性、晶粒尺寸以及颗粒间磁交换耦合作用的影响.磁性测试结果表明:FePt/Au多层膜在退火后具有较高的HC、良好的垂直磁各向异性、较小的晶粒尺寸且无磁交换耦合作用.截面高分辨电镜分析表明:Au可以缓解MgO和FePt之间较大的晶格错配,从而促进薄膜的垂直磁各向异性;同时,采用FePt/Au多层膜结构增加了FePt/Au界面能、应力能以及Au原子在薄膜中的扩散作用,促进了薄膜的有序化,从而有效降低了有序化温度,并且大幅度提高其HC.此外,Au原子部分扩散到FePt相的边界处,起到抑制FePt晶粒生长、隔离FePt颗粒的作用,从而显著降低了FePt晶粒的尺寸和颗粒间磁交换耦合作用.     

核((Nd_(0.7),Ce_(0.3))_2Fe_(14)B)-壳(Nd_2Fe_(14)B)型磁体反磁化的微磁学模拟

以核((Nd_(0.7),Ce_(0.3))_2Fe_(14)B)-壳(Nd_2Fe_(14)B)型晶粒为研究对象,利用C++语言进行编程建模,通过微磁学模拟软件OOMMF进行计算仿真,系统讨论了核的尺寸、壳层厚度以及壳层分布对单晶粒磁体反磁化过程的影响.对于核((Nd_(0.7),Ce_(0.3))_2Fe_(14)B)-壳(Nd_2Fe_(14)B)型晶粒,当壳层厚度不变时,矫顽力随核的尺寸增加而单调递减.当核的尺寸不变时,壳层厚度的增加使得矫顽力先增加后降低.当核的尺寸不变,壳层总体积也不变时,壳层的不同分布会影响矫顽力的大小,其中当壳层仅平均分布于核的z面(垂直于z轴的两个面)时,矫顽力达到最大值.     

交换耦合作用对纳米复合永磁材料有效各向异性的影响

以Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料为例,采用立方体晶粒结构模型,研究了单个晶粒中存在不同耦合状态时,有效各向异性随晶粒尺寸的变化关系.采用边界值不为零的变化函数研究了耦合部分各向异性随耦合长度的变化.计算结果表明:当两相耦合时,软磁晶粒的有效各向异性随晶粒尺寸的增加而减小,硬磁晶粒的有效各向异性随晶粒尺寸的增加而增加.对于存在软、硬两相的复合磁体,为保证较高的有效各向异性值,晶粒尺寸应保持在25nm左右.     

纳米复合永磁材料中软磁性相交换硬化的研究

本文就纳米复合永磁材料中软磁相被交换硬化问题,从一维模型和三维模拟计算进行了分析研究. 一维和三维各向异性样品研究表明,在相同微结构下,当硬磁相的各向异性降低时,除矫顽力降低外,在磁矩全部反转之前退磁曲线是一样的. 因此,硬磁相各向异性的降低不会导致最大磁能积(BH)_max增大和剩磁增加. 对于三维各向同性样品的模拟计算表明,降低硬磁相的各向异性会使剩磁和(BH)_max都明显降低. 因此,增强硬磁相的各向异性并增大硬磁相晶粒尺寸是提高 关键词： 纳米复合永磁 矫顽力 剩磁 磁能积     

时效工艺对PtCo合金磁性能的影响

研究了时效温度对PtCo合金磁性能的影响.磁性能测量结果显示,随着时效温度的增加合金的剩磁逐渐减小,时效温度为690 ℃时,合金的矫顽力达到最大值.第一步时效处理后,合金的有序度S随时效温度的提高而增加,长程有序度的增加说明合金有序相的晶粒尺寸也在增加,这是合金矫顽力变化的根本原因.第二步时效处理后,PtCo合金的微观组织结构不发生改变,有序相的各向异性场增大,使合金的矫顽力增大. 关键词： 时效温度 PtCo合金 磁性能 有序度     

Effective anisotropy and coercivity in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material

The effect of exchange-coupling interaction on the effective anisotropy and its varying tendency in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material have been investigated. The results show that the exchange-coupling interaction between grains makes the effective anisotropy of material, Keff, decrease with the reduction of grain size. The variation of Keff is basically the same as that of coercivity. The decrease in effective anisotropy is the main reason of the reduction of coercivity for nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material. In order to get high anisotropy and coercivity in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent material, the grain size should be larger than 35 nm.     

NdFeB纳米复合永磁材料的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性

以Nd₂Fe₁₄B/αFe为例，采用立方体晶粒结构模型，研究了纳米复合永磁材料中不同磁性晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性.纳米复合永磁材料的有效各向异性Keff等于软、硬磁性相各向异性的统计平均值，每个晶粒的各向异性由晶粒表面交换耦合部分和晶粒内部未交换耦合部分的各向异性共同确定.计算结果表明，软、硬磁性相晶粒尺寸分布显著地影响有效各向异性Keff的值.当软、硬磁性晶粒尺寸D相同时，Keff随晶粒尺寸和硬磁性相体积分数的降低而减小, 当D<20nm 时，K 关键词： 纳米复合永磁材料 交换耦合相互作用 有效各向异性 晶粒尺寸     

Interface mediated control of microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt-C thin films

The microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt-C film deposited on the MgO/CrRu underlayer are studied in lieu of carbon doping in FePt and RF biasing assisted etching of the MgO underlayer. Increasing amounts of carbon doping in the FePt deteriorates the chemical ordering as a result of reduced kinetic energy of FePt adatoms due to frequent collision with carbon adatoms. This leads to a reduction in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and hence the coercivity. RF etching of the MgO/CrRu underlayer before deposition of FePt helps to reduce the grain size and intergranular exchange interaction without adversely affecting the chemical ordering. Reduced intergranular exchange interaction leads to an increase in the coercivity.     

Microstructure of sintered ND-Fe-Ga-B magnets with Mo and MoS2 addition

The effect of Mo and MoS₂ additions on the magnetic and microstructure properties has been investigated in Nd-Fe-Ga-B sintered magnets. Coercivity can be increased by both the additions, but the MoS₂ addition provides the larger increase per Mo atom for up to 0.6 at.% Mo. Microstructure investigation reveals a new amorphous intergranular Ga rich phase. This phase forms a thin layer in the grain boundaries and leads to a wetting behavior of the grain boundary phase, therefore increasing the coercivity. Molybdenum addition in the form of MoS₂ is found to modify the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase, rather than form new minority phases, and the coercivity enhancement of the magnet is due to the increased anisotropy field of the hard magnetic phase.     

Features of the effect of the Josephson medium parameters on vortex formation and critical current

The response of an intergranular Josephson junction to displacements of an Abrikosov vortex in a superconducting polycrystal is studied theoretically. The vortex filament in the vicinity of the junction excites a tunnel current in the junction and also generates a Josephson vortex with which it merges upon emergence at the surface of the junction. It is shown that the process of the Josephson vortex formation passes through a stage of overcoming a potential barrier, whose height depends on the distance between the Abrikosov vortex and the junction, as well as on the effective thickness of the junction, which is determined by the characteristic grain size, grain anisotropy, and the intensity of the intergranular coupling. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current of the intergranular Josephson junction is determined for various grain and intergranular parameters, as well as for the triangular and square configurations of the Abrikosov vortex lattice. The results indicate that a high degree of texturing in the grain size, anisotropy, and intensity of intergranular coupling is very important for obtaining high critical currents in pure polycrystalline materials.     

晶粒间界相及结构缺陷对HDDR 粘结磁体矫顽力的影响

本文根据氢化／歧化／脱氢／重组（HDDR）Nd-Fe-B 磁粉晶粒边界微结构的特点,建立了缺陷区内的磁晶各向异性常数K1´及交换积分常数A1´的双变量连续变化模型,研究了晶粒间界相厚度d及晶粒表面结构缺陷厚度r0对磁体矫顽力的影响。结果表明：晶粒表面各向异性常数K1(0)、交换积分常数A1(0)及r0取不同值时,磁体的矫顽力Hc均随d增加而增大。K1(0)和A1(0)取确定值时,相同的d值对应的Hc随r0的增大而上升。r0和d取确定值时,Hc随K1(0)或A1(0)的减小而增大。当d 为1nm,r0 在 (2~5) nm范围内,A1(0)和K1(0)的值分别在A1和K1值的(0.6~0.7)范围内变动时,计算的矫顽力与实验值符合得很好。     

晶粒间界相及结构缺陷对HDDR 粘结磁体矫顽力的影响

本文根据氢化／歧化／脱氢／重组（HDDR）Nd-Fe-B 磁粉晶粒边界微结构的特点,建立了缺陷区内的磁晶各向异性常数K1´及交换积分常数A1´的双变量连续变化模型,研究了晶粒间界相厚度d及晶粒表面结构缺陷厚度r0对磁体矫顽力的影响。结果表明：晶粒表面各向异性常数K1(0)、交换积分常数A1(0)及r0取不同值时,磁体的矫顽力Hc均随d增加而增大。K1(0)和A1(0)取确定值时,相同的d值对应的Hc随r0的增大而上升。r0和d取确定值时,Hc随K1(0)或A1(0)的减小而增大。当d 为1nm,r0 在 (2~5) nm范围内,A1(0)和K1(0)的值分别在A1和K1值的(0.6~0.7)范围内变动时,计算的矫顽力与实验值符合得很好。     

Effects of post-sinter annealing on microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets with Nd–Ga intergranular addition

We investigate the effects of post-sinter annealing on the microstructure and magnetic properties in B-lean Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets with different quantities of Nd–Ga intergranular additions. The magnet with fewer Nd–Ga additions can enhance 0.2 T in coercivity, with its remanences nearly unchanged after annealing. With the further increase of the Nd–Ga addition, the annealing process leads coercivity to increase 0.4 T, accompanied by a slight decrease of remanence. With the Nd–Ga addition further increasing and after annealing, however, the increase of coercivity is basically constant and the change of remanence is reduced. Microstructure observation indicates that the matrix grains are covered by continuous thin grain boundary phase in the magnets with an appropriate Nd–Ga concentration after the annealing process. However, the exceeding Nd–Ga addition brings out notable segregation of grain boundary phase, and prior formation of part RE6 Fe13 Ga phase in the sintered magnet. This prior formation results in a weaker change of remanence after the annealing process.Therefore, the diverse changes of magnetic properties with different Nd–Ga concentrations are based on the respective evolution of grain boundary after the annealing process.