Al-Cu多晶锯齿形屈服现象中的尺度效应

对Al-Cu多晶合金锯齿形屈服现象中各特征物理量(应力跌幅、跌落时间和再加载时间)随应变演化的规律进行了系统研究，讨论了不同厚度试件演化结果的区别.同时，这种尺度效应还表现为相同加载条件下1，2mm厚度试件与3mm厚度试件的Portevin-Le Chrtelier (PLC)类型的差异.利用非线性时间序列分析的方法对前者在相空间中吸引子的几何特性进行了描述，并通过主分量分析的方法初步判定其中存在着混沌行为.后者演化过程中应力跌落事件按跌落幅度统计分布符合幂律规律，具有自组织临界性特征.最后，借助自组织 关键词： 锯齿形屈服 尺度效应 Al-Cu合金     

红外测温法研究Al-Mg合金中的Portevin-Le Chatelier效应

试件塑性变形过程伴随着机械能向热能的转化.利用红外测温法,通过分析红外热像仪采集的温度场图像,系统研究了Al-Mg合金中的Portevin-Le Chatelier （PLC）效应.在不同应变率下,实验得到了三类锯齿形应力-应变曲线,分析了相应情况下试件温度变化曲线的异同及其原因,探讨了三种类型PLC变形带的空间传播特性.研究发现,试件表面的温升随着应变率的增加而增加;PLC带的倾角转向发生在试件的两端或者带外的温度最高处. 关键词： Portevin-Le Chatelier效应 红外测温 Al-Mg合金     

固溶处理对Al-Cu合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier效应空域行为的影响

研究了在定加载速率拉伸条件下，固溶处理对Al-Cu合金材料中PLC(Portevin-Le Chatelier)效应空域行为的影响.在较低拉伸速率时，变形初期PLC变形带在试件宽度方向中央附近某点处“成核”.随着变形的继续，出现多带共存的现象.且带宽较小，带与拉伸轴向的夹角较大.在较大拉伸速率条件下，PLC变形带先连续传播，再随机出现. 关键词： PLC效应 动态应变时效 固溶处理     

(110)应变对立方相Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)能带结构及光学性质的影响

采用第一性原理贋势平面波方法对(110)应变下立方相Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)的能带结构及光学性质进行模拟计算,全面分析了应变对Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)能带结构、光学性质的影响.计算结果表明:在92%~100%压应变范围内随着应变的逐渐增大导带向低能方向移动,价带向高能方向移动,带隙呈线性逐渐减小,但始终为直接带隙;在100%~102%张应变范围内随着应变的增加,带隙呈逐渐增大,应变达到102%直接带隙最大Eg=0.54378 e V;在102%~104%应变范围内随着应变的增加,带隙逐渐减小;当应变大于104%带隙变为间接带隙且带隙随着应变增大而减小.施加应变Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)的介电常数、折射率均增大;施加压应变吸收系数增加,反射率减小;施加张应变吸收系数减小,反射率增加.综上所述,应变可以改变Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)的电子结构和光学常数,是调节Ca_2P_(0.25)Si_(0.75)光电传输性能的有效手段.     

镁合金的阻尼性能研究

本文对铸态纯镁及Mg-Zr合金的阻尼性能随Zr含量、频率、应变振幅和温度的变化进行了研究.结果表明,Zr含量对阻尼性能有较大影响.纯镁及Mg-Zr合金的内耗Q-1随着频率(3×10-3～5 Hz)的增加而下降,随着应变振幅的增加而增大,随着温度的升高而增大并出现内耗峰.     

Al-Mg合金中锯齿形屈服现象的热分析

研究了在室温、定加载应变率拉伸的情况下Al-Mg合金中的锯齿形屈服现象.伴随着锯齿形屈服现象的发生,试件表面温度场会发生变化.而红外相机能以较高的时间、空间分辨率记录下随时间变化的试件表面温度场图像.通过分析这些热图像,探讨了A,B两种类型带的传播规律,得到了局域变形带的带宽、倾角、传播速度等特征参数.在此基础上,引入热传导方程,求得了带内的应变率.实验和计算都发现B类型带产生时试件表面带外区域存在弹性收缩现象,由此提出以是否存在带外收缩变形作为划分A,B类型带的新标准.     

应变对二维蜂巢晶格光子晶体能带结构的影响

基于平面波法,本论文对应变引起的二维蜂巢晶格光子晶体的能带结构进行了数值计算。选取的两个方向分别是锯齿型边界(zigzag)方向和扶手椅型边界(armchair)方向,在这两个典型方向上对二维蜂巢晶格进行了正负各20%的单轴应变。由于应变导致的对称性破缺,能带结构会有显著的变化。在沿锯齿型边界方向上,TE模带隙随着晶格被拉伸逐渐减小,TM模带隙在应变量大于16%时消失。对于沿扶手椅型边界方向,TE模带隙在压缩15%以上时逐渐减小,在其他应变量的情况下几乎保持不变;TM模带隙在应变量大于18%时消失。这些结果对于完善应力工程和设计二维光子晶体器件有重要的指导意义。     

Al-4.5wt%Cu合金中溶质原子及析出相对锯齿形屈服时空特性的影响

借助不同温度下的固溶处理，得到一系列具有不同溶质原子浓度及析出相含量的Al-4.5wt%Cu合金材料试件.比较这些试件在拉伸实验中的锯齿形屈服现象的时空特性，分析溶质原子与析出相对位错运动的影响，从而探究动态应变时效产生的微观机理.实验结果显示，当固溶处理温度由500℃逐步降低，应力-时间曲线上的应力锯齿跌落幅值逐渐减小，并在300℃时达到最小.继续降低固溶处理温度至100℃，应力锯齿跌落幅值又逐渐增大.同时，热处理方式的改变对剪切带的传播特性也有显著影响.实验发现，固溶处理温度高于300℃时，溶质原子对DSA的影响强于析出相；反之，固溶处理温度低于300℃时，析出相对DSA的影响强于溶质原子；室温下析出相是影响Al-4.5wt%Cu合金DSA机理的主要因素. 关键词： 铝铜合金 锯齿形屈服 动态应变时效 固溶处理     

La基非晶合金β弛豫行为:退火和加载应变的影响

β弛豫行为是理解非晶合金扩散、塑性变形和玻璃转变行为的重要切入口.本研究以具有显著β弛豫行为的(La_0.6Ce_0.4)₆₅Al₁₀Co₂₅非晶合金为研究载体,利用动态力学分析仪,研究了加载频率、退火以及加载应变等因素对非晶合金β弛豫行为的影响.结果表明,随着加载频率的升高,非晶合金β弛豫峰向高温段移动.低于玻璃转变温度退火导致非晶合金β弛豫峰内耗值降低,非晶合金“缺陷”浓度降低,玻璃体系向更稳定状态迁移.随加载应变幅值增大,非晶合金β弛豫强度增大.本研究为进一步厘清非晶合金β弛豫起源提供新思路.     

结构和变形对单壁碳纳米管力学性能的影响

使用分子动力学方法模拟了单壁碳纳米管的拉伸变形行为和泊松比,并从单壁碳纳米管晶胞单元的结构特征角度,系统分析了管径、螺旋性和应变对力学性能的影响．模拟结果显示,单臂性碳纳米管(8,8)-(22,22)和锯齿性碳纳米管(9,0)-(29,0)的拉伸弹性变形可以分别达到35％-38％和20％-27％,拉伸条件下这些碳纳米管的弹性模量随管径的增大从960 GPa下降到750 GPa,并且锯齿性碳纳米管的弹性模量比单臂性碳纳米管的弹性模量要高．通过对三根具有相同直径和不同螺旋性的碳纳米管(9,9),(12,6)和(16,0)分别在拉伸和压缩条件下的模拟发现,随着变形的增大,碳纳米管的泊松比将减小;在相同的拉伸应变下,碳纳米管的泊松比随其螺旋角的减小而减小,而在相同的压缩应变下,碳纳米管的泊松比随其螺旋角的减小而增大．     

Recurrence analysis of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect

Tensile tests were carried out by deforming polycrystalline samples of Al-2.5%Mg alloy at room temperature in a wide range of strain rates where the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed. The experimental stress-time series data have been analyzed using the recurrence analysis technique based on the Recurrence Plot (RP) and the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to study the change in the dynamical behavior of the PLC effect with the imposed strain rate. Our study revealed that the RQA is able to detect the unique crossover phenomenon in the PLC dynamics.     

3004铝合金“反常”锯齿屈服现象的研究

在应变速率为5.56×10^-5s^-1—5.56×10^-3s^-1的范围内，在不同温度下(从223K至773K)，对3004铝合金进行系列拉伸试验，探索其锯齿屈服规律；通过激活能的计算、内耗研究、微观组织观察和能谱分析，探讨锯齿屈服的机理与物理本质.结果表明，3004铝合金在形变过程中会出现动态应变时效现象；发现了一种“反常”的锯齿屈服现象：在出现锯齿屈服的温区内，存在锯齿屈服临界应变量转变温度T_t， 关键词： 动态应变时效 锯齿屈服 铝合金 内耗     

Portevin-Le Chatelier effect triggered by complex loading paths in an Al–Cu aluminium alloy

Serrated flow has been observed during non monotonic tensile tests of an Al–Cu aluminium alloy in the naturally aged state. The associated propagative localisation bands were observed by digital image correlation (DIC). In particular, the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect and also Lüders bands were observed in interrupted tests during which the specimen was held for a length of time and also in tests with partial unloading followed by a holding time. Increasing strain rate jumps also triggered the PLC effect. These observations indicate the existence of the PLC effect in this material which was formerly considered insensitive to it at room temperature under monotonic loading conditions. There is no evidence of PLC serrations during constant strain rate tests. A strain ageing finite element model is used that captures the experimentally found PLC triggering effects.     

Airfoil self noise reduction by non-flat plate type trailing edge serrations

This paper represents the results of a preliminary study which aims to reduce the airfoil trailing edge self noise by employing non-flat plate type trailing edge serrations. This configuration offers better structural strength and integrity, as well as a more straightforward manufacturing process compared to the conventional flat plate type serrations. We found that the non-flat plate serration not only reduces the broadband self noise significantly, but also eliminates the high-frequency noise that was observed by others who used flat plate type serration. However, due to the presence of certain bluntness at the sawtooth root, vortex shedding noise in a narrow frequency bandwidth is also produced. This extraneous noise is found to be less significant if a wider-angle serration is used. To increase the effectiveness of the proposed serration geometry a hybrid configuration composed of a non-flat plate type trailing edge serration with woven-wire mesh screen is employed for the reduction of the narrowband vortex shedding noise.     

Mechanodynamic penetration of helium atoms into nanocrystalline iron

A relation between the characteristics of plastic deformation and the specific features of mechanodynamic penetration of helium into nanocrystalline iron compressively strained at 4.2 K is investigated. Iron samples with a grain size of about 200 nm are prepared by the multiple equal-channel angular pressing technique. The samples deformed in giant (6–7%) sample-averaged serrations, which amounts to several thousand percent strain in a shear band. The amount of helium in samples strained to various degrees is measured, and curves of helium extraction from these samples are obtained in the temperature range 300–1400 K. At a strain of ～50%, the amount of helium built up in a sample is found to be substantially higher (more than hundredfold) than that in samples subjected to lower strains. It is found that an increase in the strain rate gives rise to a strain within a serration (the strain localization is enhanced) and that the amount of accumulated helium decreases, most probably, because of the shorter deformation time. The helium extraction curves obtained with increasing temperature exhibit several peaks. The temperature positions of some of them are about the same for samples strained to different extents, while the other peaks are characteristic of samples subjected to a specific strain only. The results obtained suggest the existence of helium traps of different types, which depend on the original structure and the magnitude of the strain and differ both in the amount of helium they contain and in the temperatures at which helium is released from these traps.     

数字剪切散斑干涉法研究铝合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier带的离面变形行为

作为Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)带的重要特征之一,其离面变形仍缺乏实验研究.本文提出使用数字剪切散斑干涉法研究GB6061铝合金中PLC带的离面变形.通过图像相减得到的条纹图,实时观察了PLC带的几何形貌和传播过程,并获得了PLC带离面位移分布.在1/15 s内,PLC带的最大离面位移为245 nm,位置偏向于PLC带传播的前沿.在条纹图中,PLC带传播前沿的亮条纹始终较窄.此外,实验还观察到PLC带位置变更和倾角转向的演化过程.实验表明,数字剪切散斑干涉法具有高灵敏度和防震性,是研究PLC带离面变形简便有效的方法.     

Markov property of continuous dislocation band propagation

Tensile tests were carried out by deforming polycrystalline samples of substitutional Al–2.5%Mg alloy at room temperature for a range of strain rates. The Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed throughout the strain rate regime. The deformation bands in this region are found to be of type A in nature. From the analysis of the experimental stress time series data we could infer that the dynamics of type A dislocation band propagation is a Markov process.     

Effect of void size and Mg contents on plastic deformation behaviors of Al-Mg alloy with pre-existing void: Molecular dynamics study

The plastic deformation properties of cylindrical pre-void aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy under uniaxial tension are explored using molecular dynamics simulations with embedded atom method (EAM) potential. The factors of Mg content, void size, and temperature are considered. The results show that the void fraction decreases with increasing Mg in the plastic deformation, and it is almost independent of Mg content when Mg is beyond 5%. Both Mg contents and stacking faults around the void affect the void growth. These phenomena are explained by the dislocation density of the sample and stacking faults distribution around the void. The variation trends of yield stress caused by void size are in good agreement with the Lubarda model. Moreover, temperature effects are explored, the yield stress and Young's modulus obviously decrease with temperature. Our results may enrich and facilitate the understanding of the plastic mechanism of Al-Mg with defects or other alloys.     

后掠叶片锯齿尾缘宽频噪声实验研究

本文采用线性传声器阵列分别对具有常规尾缘及锯齿形尾缘的后掠叶片的尾缘噪声进行了实验测量;运用CLEAN-SC数据处理方法精确地识别出叶片尾缘噪声的声学参数.并且基于多组实验结果的对比,深入研究了不同的尾缘锯齿长度、周期、几何比例对后掠叶片尾缘噪声降噪效果的影响.实验结果表明:在低湍流度、自由来流情况下,在总声压级降噪方...