Al-Mg合金中锯齿形屈服现象的热分析

研究了在室温、定加载应变率拉伸的情况下Al-Mg合金中的锯齿形屈服现象.伴随着锯齿形屈服现象的发生,试件表面温度场会发生变化.而红外相机能以较高的时间、空间分辨率记录下随时间变化的试件表面温度场图像.通过分析这些热图像,探讨了A,B两种类型带的传播规律,得到了局域变形带的带宽、倾角、传播速度等特征参数.在此基础上,引入热传导方程,求得了带内的应变率.实验和计算都发现B类型带产生时试件表面带外区域存在弹性收缩现象,由此提出以是否存在带外收缩变形作为划分A,B类型带的新标准.     

Al-4.5wt%Cu合金中溶质原子及析出相对锯齿形屈服时空特性的影响

借助不同温度下的固溶处理，得到一系列具有不同溶质原子浓度及析出相含量的Al-4.5wt%Cu合金材料试件.比较这些试件在拉伸实验中的锯齿形屈服现象的时空特性，分析溶质原子与析出相对位错运动的影响，从而探究动态应变时效产生的微观机理.实验结果显示，当固溶处理温度由500℃逐步降低，应力-时间曲线上的应力锯齿跌落幅值逐渐减小，并在300℃时达到最小.继续降低固溶处理温度至100℃，应力锯齿跌落幅值又逐渐增大.同时，热处理方式的改变对剪切带的传播特性也有显著影响.实验发现，固溶处理温度高于300℃时，溶质原子对DSA的影响强于析出相；反之，固溶处理温度低于300℃时，析出相对DSA的影响强于溶质原子；室温下析出相是影响Al-4.5wt%Cu合金DSA机理的主要因素. 关键词： 铝铜合金 锯齿形屈服 动态应变时效 固溶处理     

红外测温法研究Al-Mg合金中的Portevin-Le Chatelier效应

试件塑性变形过程伴随着机械能向热能的转化.利用红外测温法,通过分析红外热像仪采集的温度场图像,系统研究了Al-Mg合金中的Portevin-Le Chatelier （PLC）效应.在不同应变率下,实验得到了三类锯齿形应力-应变曲线,分析了相应情况下试件温度变化曲线的异同及其原因,探讨了三种类型PLC变形带的空间传播特性.研究发现,试件表面的温升随着应变率的增加而增加;PLC带的倾角转向发生在试件的两端或者带外的温度最高处. 关键词： Portevin-Le Chatelier效应 红外测温 Al-Mg合金     

单晶铜在动态加载下空洞增长的分子动力学研究

冲击载荷下延性材料的损伤是材料中微空洞的产生和长大演化的结果.利用分子动力学模拟 方法对延性金属单晶铜中单个空洞在动态加载下的演化发展进行了研究，得到了空洞增长过 程中的应力分布及空洞增长演化随冲击强度变化的规律.模拟结果表明，动态加载下的前期 压缩过程对后期拉伸应力场作用下的空洞增长演化特征有不可忽视的影响，微空洞增长的阈 值则与单晶实验中层裂强度随拉伸应力作用时间减少而增加的趋势相一致. 关键词： 层裂 分子动力学 动态加载 空洞     

固溶处理对Al-Cu合金中Portevin-Le Chatelier效应空域行为的影响

研究了在定加载速率拉伸条件下，固溶处理对Al-Cu合金材料中PLC(Portevin-Le Chatelier)效应空域行为的影响.在较低拉伸速率时，变形初期PLC变形带在试件宽度方向中央附近某点处“成核”.随着变形的继续，出现多带共存的现象.且带宽较小，带与拉伸轴向的夹角较大.在较大拉伸速率条件下，PLC变形带先连续传播，再随机出现. 关键词： PLC效应 动态应变时效 固溶处理     

超深亚微米PMOSFET的自愈合效应

主要研究负栅压偏置不稳定性(negative bias temperature instability，NBTI)效应中的自愈合效应，研究了器件阈值电压随着恢复时间和应力时间的恢复规律.研究表明器件的退化可以恢复是由于NBTI应力后界面态被氢钝化. 关键词： 负偏置温度不稳定性效应 自愈合效应 应力时间 PMOSFET     

声弹法测量圆板平面应力分布

利用声弹效应和声双折射效应,通过测量圆板试件在径向加载下平面各点声波沿厚度方向传播的纵波、编振方向正交的两个横波声速来确定各点主应力和主应力差,并导出相应的计算应力公式,测量结果与理论值基本相符,并和光弹法结果作了间接比较——根据计算应力公式绘出了应力差等值线和光弹法测量结果比较,表明二者应力差分布规律基本一致.     

基于数字图像相关法的Mg含量对Al合金Protein-Le Chatelier效应影响的实验研究

利用数字图像相关法研究了常温与恒定应变率(5.00×10~(-3)s~(-1))下Mg含量(质量分数)分别为2.30%,4.57%,6.10%及6.91%四种Al-Mg合金Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应的宏观变形行为.实验发现,Mg含量的增加导致强化效果的增强;低Mg含量(2.30%)合金中锯齿跌落幅值基本保持不变,而在高Mg含量(4.57%,6.10%,6.91%)合金中随应变增加而增加.锯齿跌落幅值随Mg含量增加而逐渐增大,在高Mg含量合金中趋于饱和.宏观局域变形带的观察结果表明PLC带宽不随Mg含量或者应变改变而变化,带内变形量随着Mg含量或者应变的增加而逐渐增大.此外,在低Mg含量合金的加载曲线后段(应变约为0.3时)观测到了特殊的周期性的衰减锯齿,相应的时域PLC带演化表明加载曲线的周期性转变大锯齿对应着空间上PLC带的转向,幅度逐渐减小的振荡对应着PLC带的传播,且在转向前后PLC带均向上连续传播.     

微尺度型腔内液态金属流动规律模拟研究

修正了传统的Navier-Stoke方程,并利用修正后的方程与Fluent软件对微尺度型腔内Zn-Al合金微流动规律进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明：液态金属在微尺度管道内的流动规律在管径为0.5mm时出现临界状态,管径越细,速度附面层相对厚度就越大.同时,微管流动存在着宏观流动中没有的“凸进效应”,且随着入口压力增大,流动前沿自由液面的凸进效应减弱.在流动前沿区域和上游区域之间出现负压力梯度区,且管径越细越明显. 关键词： 微管道 微流动 Zn-Al合金     

高纯铜初始层裂的微损伤特性研究

本文对平面冲击加载下高纯铜初始层裂的微损伤特性进行了研究. 利用准三维的表面轮廓测试技术, 对冲击加载“软回收”的样品截面进行测试. 通过对测试数据的重构、量化和统计分析, 结果表明: 拉伸应力持续时间和加载应力幅值的增加, 都会加剧样品内部损伤局域化程度. 样品内损伤区域宽度是亚微米尺度的损伤演化的结果, 并且亚微米尺度的演化速率随着拉伸应变率的增加而单调递增. 通过统计获得了样品内微损伤的尺寸分布特征, 并分析了其与损伤演化进程的关联.     

Engineering the residual stress state and microstructure of stainless steel with mechanical surface treatments

Four mechanical surface treatments have been considered for the application to austenitic stainless steel structures. Shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP), ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) and water jet cavitation peening (WJCP), also known as cavitation shotless peening (CSP), have been applied to 8 mm thick Type 304 austenitic stainless steel coupons. This study considers the merits of each of these mechanical surface treatments in terms of their effect on the surface roughness, microstructure, level of plastic work and through thickness residual stress distribution. Microstructural studies have revealed the formation of martensite close to the treated surface for each process. Residual stress measurements in the samples show compressive stresses to a significantly greater depth for the LSP, UIT and WJCP samples compared to the more conventional SP treated sample.     

Integrated Optic Pressure Sensor Using Intermodal Interference between Two Mutual Orthogonal Guided-Modes

We theoretically and experimentally investigated fundamental characteristics of an integrated optic pressure sensor using intermodal interference between the lowest-order TM-like and TE-like modes. The sensor consists of a rectangular diaphragm and a straight single-mode waveguide along an edge of the diaphragm. Its operation is based on a difference of phase retardations produced in the two guided modes through the photoelastic effect. The sensor was fabricated by bonding two glass substrates together: a Corning 0211 glass 300 μMm thick to form a waveguide and a thick substrate with a 10 mm × 10 mm square hole to define the diaphragm. The fabricated sensor was successfully tested using a He-Ne laser at 633 nm. The halfwave pressure was measured to be 77 kPa which is almost double the theoretical estimate.     

Markov property of continuous dislocation band propagation

Tensile tests were carried out by deforming polycrystalline samples of substitutional Al–2.5%Mg alloy at room temperature for a range of strain rates. The Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed throughout the strain rate regime. The deformation bands in this region are found to be of type A in nature. From the analysis of the experimental stress time series data we could infer that the dynamics of type A dislocation band propagation is a Markov process.     

Recurrence analysis of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect

Tensile tests were carried out by deforming polycrystalline samples of Al-2.5%Mg alloy at room temperature in a wide range of strain rates where the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed. The experimental stress-time series data have been analyzed using the recurrence analysis technique based on the Recurrence Plot (RP) and the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to study the change in the dynamical behavior of the PLC effect with the imposed strain rate. Our study revealed that the RQA is able to detect the unique crossover phenomenon in the PLC dynamics.     

Novel mechanism for discrete scale invariance in sandpile models

Numerical simulations and a mean-field analysis of a sandpile model of earthquake aftershocks in 1d, 2d and 3d Euclidean lattices determine that the average stress decays in a punctuated fashion after a main shock, with events occurring at characteristic times increasing as a geometrical series with a well-defined multiplicative factor which is a function of the stress corrosion exponent, the stress drop ratio and the degree of dissipation. These results are independent of the discrete nature of the lattice and stem from the interplay between the threshold dynamics and the power law stress relaxation. This novel mechanism of log-periodicity does not rely on a pre-existing discrete structural hierarchy of faults but is dynamical and reflects the existence of an approximately fixed stress drop together with the scale-free stress corrosion power law acting during inter-seismic phases. Received 24 November 1999     

Scaling behavior of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in an Al-2.5%Mg alloy

The scaling behavior of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was studied by deforming an Al-2.5%Mg alloy for a wide range of strain rates. To reveal the exact scaling nature, the time series data of true stress versus time, obtained during deformation, were analyzed by two complementary methods: the finite variance scaling method and the diffusion entropy analysis. From these analyses we could establish that, in the entire span of strain rates, the PLC effect showed the Levy-walk property.     

Characterization of phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for holographic memory

The holographic recording characteristics of phenanthrenequinone- (PQ-) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) are investigated. The exposure sensitivity is characterized for single-hologram recording, and the M/# is measured for samples as thick as 3 mm. Optically induced birefringence is observed in this material.     

A comprehensive study of the long pulse Nd:YAG laser drilling of multi-layer carbon fibre composites

The results of an extensive experimental study of the free running Nd:YAG laser drilling of a multi-layer carbon fibre composite, where adjacent layers have differently orientated fibres, are reported. For holes drilled with the laser operating in fixed-Q mode at 1064 nm, parallel sections of blind holes illustrating discontinuities in the hole size along a given section direction will be shown to occur at the interface between adjacent layers. An explanation for this effect is proposed. Detailed single pulse drilling characteristics will be presented illustrating the exit hole diameter as a function of pulse energy and material thickness. These characteristics illustrate a ‘stable' drilling regime in which the exit hole diameters are least sensitive to changes in pulse energy or material thickness and a less ‘stable' regime in which they are more strongly dependent on these parameters. Drilling characteristics will be given for two different beam qualities, illustrating the greater drilling depth and reduced hole size achievable with an improved beam quality. Finally holes drilled through a 2 mm thick sample of material with multiple pulses are considered. Size distribution curves for entrance and exit holes will be presented. The total energy required (number of pulses × pulse energy) to drill through 2 mm thick material will be reported as a function of pulse energy in stationary air and argon atmospheres and in a partial vacuum, illustrating a threshold energy which is dependent upon the drilling atmosphere. The threshold energies will be discussed with reference to plasma formation and the reactivity of the drilling atmosphere.     

复合结构掠入射板条放大器热效应的模拟分析

为了研究复合结构掠入射板条放大器的热效应,采用在Nd:YVO4晶体抽运面上键合具有高热导率性能的蓝宝石的复合结构,并建立了相应的热力学模型,对激光介质的温度场分布、光程差（OPD）和热透镜效应进行了详细的理论分析,利用有限元分析软件COMSOL模拟了晶体内部的温度、应变、光程差（OPD）及热焦距的分布情况。结果表明,板条厚度为2 mm、键合层厚度1 mm、抽运功率60 W时,复合结构相对于单一结构最高温度下降了约50 K,晶体中的最大形变量降低超过了1/3,极大地降低了介质中的热效应。     

Determination of the low absorption coefficients of thick semi-conductor samples using rear side photoacoustic spectroscopy detection

Based on the Rosencwaig and Gersho theory, we have theoretically derived the photoacoustic signal in the gaz behind the unilluminated surface of thick samples and presented a simple analytical procedure for determining the low optical absorption spectra of these samples.The rear side photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) detection has been employed on thick samples of GaP (0,2-1mm) and optical absorption coefficients in the region between 15 to 200 cm^?1 were measured.Our results are discussed in comparison with those obtained by usual front side PAS detection and spectroscopic ellipsometry.