面向单向器星轮自动化装配的视觉检测定位

针对传统单向器星轮人工装配效率低下问题,分析了单向器星轮装配过程,构建了基于计算机视觉技术的工业机器人自动化装配方案。首先利用CCD摄像机捕捉星轮表面形貌图像,然后利用Open CV视觉库进行了摄像机标定,再结合图像噪声去除,Hough圆检测,轮廓提取等技术,实现了星轮位姿的非接触式视觉检测。最后以单向器为例验证了该检测方法的有效性,机器人通过视觉获取的星轮位姿信息完成自动化装配。     

绝缘衬底上高密度均匀纳米硅量子点的形成与表面形貌

利用等离子体增强化学气相淀积技术，在绝缘氮化硅(SiNx)衬底上制备超薄非晶硅(aSi：H)薄膜，通过超短脉冲激光辐照与准静态常规热退火技术处理，制备出高密度、均匀纳米硅(ncSi)量子点.使用原子力显微镜对处理前后样品的表面形貌进行了研究，发现激光辐照能量密度增加的同时，所形成的ncSi尺寸也随之增加.在合适的能量密度范围内，可以得到面密度大于10.11cm^2、尺寸分布标准偏差小于20％的10 nm ncSi量子点薄膜，表明所制备的ncSi量子点具有较好的均匀性及较高的面密度.同时，对ncS i量子点 关键词： 纳米硅 激光诱导 尺寸分布     

基于机器视觉的手机转接口尺寸及管脚数量的测量

基于机器视觉原理实现对手机转接口尺寸及管脚数量的非接触式测量.采用光源、远心镜和CCD相机搭建检测装置,获取手机转接口的图像数据,并利用图像边缘检测技术实现特征轮廓的提取,获得较为准确的转接口尺寸和管脚数量.     

基于嵌入式机器视觉的羊体体征测量系统

针对现有牧场牲畜测量的工作量极大及人工测量的局限性难题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的草原牧场羊体体征的非接触式测量构建方法;考虑到牧场养殖环境,采用在便携式嵌入式Linux实时操作系统平台上,通过广角摄像头获取羊的彩色图像,并调用开源计算机视觉库OpenCV对图像进行实时处理,寻找体征特征点并计算羊的体高、体长等体征数据;图像处理过程:背景差分、图像去噪、二值化、轮廓提取和特征点识别;经实验验证表明:此测量方法有一定误差,但平均相对误差不超过3%,因此该测量方法具有较好的实用价值。     

基于HALCON的双目立体视觉工件尺寸测量

为了实现对大批量生产工件尺寸的精密测量，该文基于双目立体视觉视差原理，设计了一种工件尺寸实时测量系统；系统通过两个工业数字摄像头实时采集工件不同角度的两幅图像，并基于机器视觉软件HALCON的HDevelop开发环境，对两幅图像进行相关预处理，获取感兴趣区域。提出一种基于canny的亚像素边缘检测、边缘细化、基于atukey权重函数的最小二乘法边缘拟合及边缘均匀取点算法获取精确的边缘特征点，并通过双目系统标定、极线约束与NCC相结合的立体匹配、世界坐标转换、几何计算相结合的非接触式双目视觉方法进行尺寸测量。通过大量实验证明，该方法可有效地获取工件特征点的三维坐标值，不借助外部测量仪器实现工件关键尺寸的高精度实时检测，检测精度达±0.2mm以上，简单快捷，具有较好的准确性和实时性。     

双目视觉用于鱼苗尺寸测量

为了有效地提高鱼苗尺寸测量的效率及精度,搭建了平行式双目立体视觉系统。根据双目视觉原理,首先基于改进后的由多组同心圆构成的标定板对双目视觉测量系统进行定标;然后利用Harris角点提取算法获取鱼苗图像的关键特征点,并基于归一化互相关(Normalized Cross Correlation,NCC)立体匹配算法对关键特征点进行匹配,提取坐标数据;最后根据坐标数据进行计算,得到鱼苗的空间坐标,实现对鱼苗尺寸的精确测量。结果表明,由所搭建的平行式双目立体视觉系统测量的相对误差在8%以内,为双目视觉应用于鱼类养殖业的可行性提供了依据。     

红光InAlAs量子点的结构和光学性质

利用ＭＢＥ方法在（００１）衬底上成功地生长密度大、尺寸小、发红光的ＩｎＡｌＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ量子点结构。通过原子力显微镜观察表明,ＩｎＡｌＡｓ量子的密度和大小都随覆盖厚度的增加而增大;发现Ａｌ原子的表面迁移率决定ＩｎＡｌＡｓ量子点的形貌,光荧光谱证实了量子点的发光峰值在红光范围,并结合形貌的统计得到了量子点的发光峰展宽主要昌受量子点的横向尺寸影响。     

基于机器视觉的西林瓶尺寸检测

在西林瓶生产过程中,尺寸是一项重要的产品质量判断标准,与传统的西林瓶尺寸人工检测方法相比,基于机器视觉的自动检测具有巨大优越性。为实现西林瓶尺寸的检测,提出了一种基于机器视觉的西林瓶尺寸检测方案,设计了系统的图像采集和背光源照明方案,通过中值滤波对图像进行去噪,利用对图像像素点的运算算法,对图像的灰度进行了校正变换,增强图像的对比度,采用Canny算子成功提取西林瓶边缘,在HALCON平台下实现了西林瓶尺寸测量。设定系统标定方法并选取15个2mL样品西林瓶进行测试,结果表明,该方法对西林瓶尺寸检测快速准确,边缘量化精度达到了亚像素级别,检测精度为0.02mm,满足西林瓶生产的参数测量精度要求,为工业生产产品尺寸的自动检测提供了一种有效的新途径。     

基于自适应下采样的移动机器人视觉定位技术

视觉定位是移动机器人定位的一个主要发展方向,针对传统视觉定位技术实时性差的问题,提出一种基于自适应下采样的快速视觉定位技术。通过预先得到的尺寸特征,并根据最小分辨尺寸计算下采样率,而后对下一副图像进行下采样及图像分割,根据对象坐标和下采样率确定对象在源图像中所处区域,对源图像该区域进行图像分割和特征提取。将提取的尺寸特征作为下一幅图像的输入,提取的视觉定位所需特征用于机器人的定位解算,由此在保证视觉定位精度的前提下有效减少视觉定位的时间。实验表明,对文中给定图像,传统方法处理100幅图像时间为20.23 s,而文中所述技术对应图像处理时间为1.78 s,仅为传统技术的8.8%,有效减少了图像处理时间,提高了机器人视觉定位的实时性。     

基于背景校正和图像分割定量分析光学元件表面疵病的新算法

针对基于机器视觉的大口径光学元件表面疵病检测系统在成像过程中存在因照明不均匀等因素造成的图像背景不均匀等问题,采用了基于形态学的图像背景校正算法,提出了结合图像梯度和最大类间方差法的图像分割算法,实验结果表明,所提算法对于一定模糊程度的疵病图像具有较好的抗噪性能以及较高的提取精度。     

Nanophotonic droplet: a nanometric optical device consisting of size- and number-selective coupled quantum dots

Although recent advances in fabrication technologies have allowed the realization of highly accurate nanometric devices and systems, most approaches still lack uniformity and mass-production capability sufficient for practical use. We have previously demonstrated a novel technique for autonomously coupling heterogeneous quantum dots to induce particular optical responses based on a simple phonon-assisted photocuring method in which a mixture of quantum dots and photocurable polymer is irradiated with light. The cured polymer sequentially encapsulates coupled quantum dots, forming what we call a nanophotonic droplet. Recently, we found that each quantum dot in the mixture is preferably coupled with other quantum dots of similar size due to a size resonance effect of the optical near-field interactions between them. Moreover, every nanophotonic droplet is likely to contain the same number of coupled quantum dots. In this paper, we describe the basic mechanisms of autonomously fabricating nanophotonic droplets, and we examine the size- and number-selectivity of the quantum dots during their coupling process. The results from experiments show the uniformity of the optical properties of mass-produced nanophotonic droplets, revealed by emission from the contained coupled quantum dots, due to the fundamental characteristics of our method.     

基于改进U-Net的量子点STM图像分割

为提升量子点图像分割精度,降低特征识别误差,提出一种基于改进U-Net的量子点图像分割方法.首先,在预处理阶段,设计了以色彩通道为权值的灰度化算法,以提升后续分割效果.其次,在STM图像分割部分,在原始U-Net结构上引入中间过渡层以均衡网络各层特征.而后,建立数据集,并通过实验对比不同分割算法的精确度、召回率、F-measure.最后,将分割算法应用于量子点的特征识别,并测试了不同分割方式对应用的影响.实验结果显示,改进灰度化方法保留细节信息丰富,明显提升了量子点分割精度;改进U-Net的平均精确率、召回率、F-measure相较原始网络分别提升了13.83%、2.16%、8.13%.同时,实验数据表明由于分割精度的提升,量子点数量、纵横比等特征参数的识别更加精确.     

Nanostructures with Ge–Si quantum dots for infrared photodetectors

In this paper questions of optimization of growth conditions in the method of molecular beam epitaxy for creation of high-efficient quantum dot infrared photodetectors are considered. As a model material system for theoretical investigations, heterostructures with germanium-silicon quantum dots on the silicon surface are chosen. For calculations of the dependencies of quantum dots array parameters on synthesis conditions the kinetic model of growth of differently shaped quantum dots based on the general nucleation theory is proposed. The theory is improved by taking into account the change in free energy of nucleation of an island due to the formation of additional edges of islands and due to the dependence of surface energies of facets of quantum dots on the thickness of a 2D wetting layer during the Stranski–Krastanow growth. Calculations of noise and signal characteristics of infrared photodetectors based on heterostructures with quantum dots of germanium on silicon are done. Dark current in such structures caused by thermal emission and barrier tunneling of carriers, as well as detectivity of the photodetector in the approximation of limitation by generation-recombination noises are estimated. Moreover, the presence of dispersion of quantum dots by size is taken into account in the calculations of the generation-recombination noises. Results of calculations of the properties of structures with quantum dots and their dependencies on growth parameters, as well as the characteristics of quantum dot photodetectors are presented. Comparison of the estimated parameters of quantum dots ensembles and the characteristics of quantum dot photodetectors with experimental data is carried out.     

图形衬底对多周期InGaAs量子点自组装生长的影响

量子点器件技术广泛应用于量子计算和光电器件上.成核位置的均匀性、有序性和尺寸一致性,可以有效提高光电器件性能.为了实现阵列量子点的可控性,本文采用湿法刻蚀制备图形化衬底,理论上解释了铟原子在图形化衬底上成核现象,产生有序的量子点分布特征,发现图形衬底的缺陷诱导在平台边缘和沟壑边缘成核,形成较大的量子点.在Stranski-Krastanow模式下图形衬底制备多周期量子点,发现多周期生长可以弱化台阶结构对量子点分布的限制作用.     

Si3N4Si量子点电子结构的理论研究

采用经表面优化的对称球形团簇作Ｓｉ₃Ｎ₄，Ｓｉ晶态量子点的模型，利用紧束缚近似和ｒｅｃｕｒｓｉｏｎ方法研究了它们的电子结构，给出了导带底和价带顶位置随量子点尺寸的变化。得到了３２８原子Ｓｉ₃Ｎ₄量子点、３２３原子Ｓｉ量子点的中心原子局域态密度及平均态密度，并讨论了态密度和光谱结构的关系，中心原子局域态密度能较好地描述量子点的光谱，这一点得到了实验结果的证实。 关键词：     

Self-assembly Drives Quantum Dot Photoluminescence

Engineering the spectral properties of quantum dots can be achieved by a control of the quantum dots organization on a substrate. Indeed, many applications of quantum dots as LEDs are based on the realization of a 3D architecture of quantum dots. In this contribution, we present a systematic study of the quantum dot organization obtained on different chemically modified substrates. By varying the chemical affinity between the quantum dots and the substrate, the quantum dot organization is strongly modified from the 2D monolayer to the 3D aggregates. Then the photoluminescence of the different obtained samples has been systematically studied and correlated with the quantum dot film organization. We clearly show that the interaction between the substrate and the quantum dot must be stronger than the quantum dot–quantum dot interaction to avoid 3D aggregation and that these organization strongly modified the photoluminescence of the film rather than intrinsic changes of the quantum dot induced by pure surface chemistry.     

Optical properties of two-electron quantum dots in low lying para- and ortho-states

Two low lying energy levels of 3D two-electron quantum dot with rigid confinement (the wave functions vanish at the surface of the quantum dot) are obtained by the variational and perturbation methods. There are two kind of quantum dots: para- and ortho-dots with antiparallel and parallel electron spins, respectively. An ensemble of the two-electron quantum dots contains para-dots in the ground state and ortho-dots in the lowest metastable state at low enough temperatures. The optical parameters of GaAs two-electron quantum dot are calculated with the help of obtained energy levels and compared with the optical parameters known for the one electron GaAs quantum dot. The Coulomb interaction between electrons is responsible for the blue shift of maxima of the absorption coefficient and refractive index of two-electron quantum dots.     

Spectral response of the intrinsic region of a GaAs–InAs quantum dot solar cell considering the absorption spectra of ideal cubic dots

Recently, attempts have been made by some researchers to improve the efficiency of quantum dot solar cells by incorporating different types of quantum dots. In this paper, the photocurrent density has been obtained considering the absorption spectra of ideal cubic dots. The effects of quantum dot size dispersion on the spectral response of the intrinsic region of a GaAs–InAs quantum dot solar cell have been studied. The dependence of the spectral response of this region on the size of quantum dots of such solar cell has also been investigated. The investigation shows that for smaller quantum dot size dispersion, the spectral response of the intrinsic region of the cell increases significantly. It is further observed that by enlarging the quantum dot size it is possible to enhance the spectral response of such solar cells as it causes better match between absorption spectra of the quantum dots and the solar spectrum. These facts indicate the significant role of quantum dot size and size dispersion on the performance of such devices. Also, the power conversion efficiency of such solar cell has been studied under 1 sun, AM 1.5 condition.     

Purcell effect in triangular plasmonic nanopatch antennas with three-layer colloidal quantum dots

A model describing a plasmonic nanopatch antenna based on triangular silver nanoprisms and multilayer cadmium chalcogenide quantum dots is introduced. Electromagnetic-field distributions in nanopatch antennas with different orientations of the quantum-dot dipoles are calculated for the first time with the finite element method for numerical electrodynamics simulations. The energy flux through the surface of an emitting quantum dot is calculated for the configurations with the dot in free space, on an aluminum substrate, and in a nanopatch antenna. It is shown that the radiative part of the Purcell factor is as large as 1.7 × 10₂ The calculated photoluminescence lifetimes of a CdSe/CdS/ZnS colloidal quantum dot in a nanopatch antenna based on a silver nanoprism agree well with the experimental results.