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测量不确定度的评定与表示 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
测量不确定度和如何正确评定与表示,是个极其重要的问题,文章指出了研究不确定度的意义,介绍了不确定度的有关概念,按实际工作的测量模型,给出了标准不确定度A类、B类评定的各种具体方法,提出了标准不确定度的俣成方法与展伸不确定度的给出方法,对不确定度评定与表示的程序进行了汇总,并举出了应用实例。 相似文献
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测量不确定度的一些新概念的分析与讨论 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
介绍不确定度与误差在定义主计算方法上的区别,讨论不确定度新概念的特点和优越性,并说明在物理实验教学中采用不确定度的必要性。 相似文献
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相对不确定度是定量分析测量结果不能确定的严重程度的一个重要物理量,如何减小相对不确定度不仅与测量方法有关,而且与测量仪器也有着很大的关系。本文从几个具体的大学物理实验测量中,研究如何利用测量结果相对不确定度来选择测量样品的数量或测量仪器,从而减小测量结果的相对不确定度,以便减小测量误差,提高测量结果准确程度。 相似文献
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介绍了不确定度的有关概念 ,提出了对不确定度A类分量及B类分量评定的方法 ,以及在两种分量下合成标准不确定度的表示式。结合具体的物理实验教学 ,举出了计算合成标准不确定便子。 相似文献
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The uncertainty principle lies at the heart of quantum physics, and is widely thought of as a fundamental limit of the measurement precision of incompatible observables. Here it is shown that the traditional uncertainty relation in fact belongs to the leading order approximation of a generalized uncertainty relation. That is, the leading order linear dependence of observables gives the Heisenberg type of uncertainty relations, while higher order nonlinear dependence may reveal more different and interesting correlation properties. Applications of the generalized uncertainty relation and the high order nonlinear dependence between observables in quantum information science are also discussed. 相似文献
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This paper extends the canonical small open-economy real-business-cycle model, when considering model uncertainty. Domestic households have multiplier preferences, which leads them to take robust decisions in response to possible model misspecification for the economy’s aggregate productivity. Using perturbation methods, the paper extends the literature on real business cycle models by deriving a closed-form solution for the combined welfare effect of the two sources of uncertainty, namely risk and model uncertainty. While classical risk has an ambiguous effect on welfare, the addition of model uncertainty is unambiguously welfare-deteriorating. Hence, the overall effect of uncertainty on welfare is ambiguous, depending on consumers preferences and model parameters. The paper provides numerical results for the welfare effects of uncertainty measured by units of consumption equivalence. At moderate (high) levels of risk aversion, the effect of risk on household welfare is positive (negative). The addition of model uncertainty—for all levels of concern about model uncertainty and most risk aversion values—turns the overall effect of uncertainty on household welfare negative. It is important to remark that the analytical decomposition and combination of the effects of the two types of uncertainty considered here and the resulting ambiguous effect on overall welfare have not been derived in the previous literature on small open economies. 相似文献
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为明确脉冲功率装置开关触发延迟时间和抖动测量的可信度,进行了不确定度评定。使用拟合的线性关系式结合示波器水平分辨力导致的不确定度建立开关延迟时间不确定度的数学模型;根据抖动的定义建立抖动的测量不确定度数学模型。两者均按B类不确定度评定。以相关实验数据为基础计算了各个不确定度分量、合成标准不确定度以及扩展不确定度。按工程测量要求置信概率为95%,取包含因子为2,可得初级实验平台(PTS)单路样机激光触发开关触发延迟时间测量的扩展不确定度为0.38 ns;抖动测量的扩展不确定度为0.13 ns。延迟时间和抖动测量结果的不确定度满足实验分析的要求。 相似文献
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We study the uncertainties of quantum mechanical observables, quantified by the standard deviation (square root of variance) in Haar-distributed random pure states. We derive analytically the probability density functions (PDFs) of the uncertainties of arbitrary qubit observables. Based on these PDFs, the uncertainty regions of the observables are characterized by the support of the PDFs. The state-independent uncertainty relations are then transformed into the optimization problems over uncertainty regions, which opens a new vista for studying state-independent uncertainty relations. Our results may be generalized to multiple observable cases in higher dimensional spaces. 相似文献
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本文就工科物理实验教学中为什么引入不确定度进行评定及在教学中如何对实验的不确定度进行计算等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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大学物理实验中测量不确定度的评定与表示 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
介绍不确定度的有关概念,并结合具体实验教学的测量模型,提出了对不确定度A类分量及B类分量评定的合理简化,给出了两种不同简化模式下展伸不确定度的表示式。 相似文献