双波长双指示剂催化分光光度法测定水和茶叶中的痕量锰

研究在pH 5.6的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,氨三乙酸活化痕量锰离子催化高碘酸钾氧化灿烂绿和萘酚绿B的指示反应,通过测定460nm和630nm下催化体系与非催化体系吸光度值的变化,建立了双波长双指示剂催化分光光度法测定痕量锰的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,测定痕量锰离子的线性范围为0.010—0.60μg/25mL。检出限为1.2×10-10g/mL。此法用于水和茶叶中痕量锰的测定,结果满意。     

催化动力学吸光光度法测定痕量汞

在pH5.6的缓冲溶液中，痕量Hg(Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化胭脂红褪色反应有较强的催化作用，研究了反应的最优条件，建立了测定痕量Hg(Ⅱ）的新方法，方法的最低检出限为4×10^-11g/mL Hg(Ⅱ），检测线性范围为0－1.2μg/25mL Hg(Ⅱ），用于水样中痕量Hg(Ⅱ）的测定，获得满意的结果。     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定痕量碘

研究了在稀磷酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲基红的阻抑作用,建立了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法。测定碘离子的线性范围为0—35μg/50mL,检出限为7.5×10^-9g/mL。已用于食品中痕量碘的测定,结果满意。     

Hg2+离子与漆树漆酶相互作用的研究

以5,6-二溴-2,3-二氰基氢醌(DDBQH2)为底物,在pH 4.4和(30±0.2)℃条件下,用分光光度法考察了Hg2+离子与漆酶的结合时间对漆酶催化活性的影响.结果表明,当结合时间短时,Hg2+离子对漆酶的催化活性表现为激活作用,但随着Hg2+离子与漆酶结合时间的延长而逐渐转变为抑制作用.与Hg2+离子结合后的漆酶的吸收光谱表明,Hg2+离子可能是通过取代漆酶Ⅰ型位中的Cu(Ⅱ)而对漆酶的催化活性产生抑制作用的.     

荧光猝灭法测定饮料中的维生素C

在pH10.7的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,维生素C在一定浓度范围内能活化氯化血红素酶催化H2O3氧化L-酪氨酸的反应,荧光猝灭程度与维生素C的浓度具有一定线性关系.在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.8-25.6μg/mL,相对标准偏差4.25%,检出限为0.0112μg/mL,并考察了介质和常见物质的干扰情况.方法用于实际样品的测定,结果满意.     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学分光光度法测定水中的痕量铬

研究了在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH4.8)介质中,六价铬离子对于过氧化氢同时氧化藏红T和亚甲基蓝褪色的反应有一定的催化作用,通过分别检测催化体系和非催化体系在520nm和663 nm波长下的吸光度,建立了操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性好的双指示剂、双波长催化动力学分光光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法.方法的线性范围(0.080-3.00μg/25mL)和检出限(5.9×10-9g/mL)都较好.测定废水和自来水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)取得了满意的结果.     

中性红催化动力学光度法测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)

利用硫酸介质中,痕量硒(Ⅳ)强烈催化氯酸钾氧化中性红褪色反应,建立一种快速测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)的催化动力学光度法.结果表明:最大吸收波长为530nm,检出限为2.4×10-9g/mL,摩尔吸光系数为2-71×104L·mol-1·cm-1,硒含量在0.1-0.4/μg/25mL范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为AA=0.0045 0.4271CSe(Ⅳ)(μg//25mL),相关系数r=0.9996,直接用于黑木耳、黄花菜和香菇中硒(Ⅳ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

新显色剂2-羟基-3-磺酸基-5-硝基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与汞的显色反应研究

非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下,测定了新显色剂2-羟基-3-磺酸基-5-硝基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯(HSNDAA)与Hg()的显色反应条件。发现在pH11.3的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲介质中,试剂可与Hg()形成一种稳定的2∶1红色络合物,其最大吸收波长位于520nm处,Hg()质量浓度在0—0.5μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为:3.3×105L·mol-1·cm-1。本法用于环境水样中汞的测定,结果令人满意。     

棉红-Ru(Ⅲ)-KBrO3催化体系动力学及痕量钌的测定

在磷酸介质和热水浴中,Ru(Ⅲ)催化溴酸钾氧化棉红褪色,由此建立了动力学光度法测定痕量钌的新方法.钌的质量浓度在0.00-0.10μg/mL范围内与lgA0/A呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:lgA0/A=0.2926CRu-0.003,相关系数r=0.9997,检测限为4.06×10-8g/mL.实验考察了影响催化反应的因素,确定了反应的最佳条件,测定了催化动力学参数,反应的表观活化能Ea'=53.02kJ/moL,表观速率常数k'=1.75×10-4s-1,确立了反应速率方程,探讨了反应机理,试验了20多种共存离子的影响,方法用于合成水样和矿样中钌的测定,回收率94.8％-104.0％,相对标准偏差0.6％-2.4％.     

固载化离子液体富集-流动注射分光光度法测定废水中痕量汞

以表面浸渍固载有疏水性室温离子液体—1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,[C₆mim]PF₆)的Amberlite XAD-7大孔树脂为固相萃取微柱的吸附剂,建立了微柱在线富集和流动注射-分光光度法测定废水中痕量游离态汞的新方法。在酸性介质中和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下,Hg2+与双硫腙反应生成红色的中性配合物可被微柱有效地定量富集。在优化的实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.35～50 μg·L-1 Hg2+,检出限为0.067 μg·L-1 Hg2+。进样体积为50 mL时,Hg2+的富集因数为25倍。对环境水质汞标准样品(GSBZ50016-90)和加标废水样品的测定,回收率在99%～103%。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.