HIRFL—CSR实验环电子冷却装置调试

HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置采用了能够产生空心电子束的电子枪。弯曲螺线管内采用了静电偏转电极，冷却段采用了独立的高精度螺线管串联产生纵向磁场的设计。测量了沿离子束运动方向冷却段磁场分布及磁场平行度、电子枪和收集器性能、300kV高压电源相关参数。结果表明，此装置达到了预期的设计目标。: In CSRe electron cooling device， a special electron gun which can produce variable profile electron beam with different size and density distribution was adopted for decreasing ion losses. Electrostatic bending device was used for reducing electron beam losses and improving vacuum condition. The instability of the electron beam is suppressed because the secondary electrons from collector would come back to the collector in the same orbit finally. Longitudinal magnetic field with parallelism better than 10-4 was achieved by adopting of independent high precise solenoid coils at cooling section. In this case， the r.m.s deviations of the transverse magnetic field at cooling section in horizontal and vertical direction are 3.298×10-5 and 2.458×10-5 respectively. The characters of the gun and collector were investigated. The results were presented and indicate that it achieves the design purpose very well.     

HIRFL—CSR电子冷却装置的电子枪设计

 从理论上推导并分析了绝热加速原理，进而应用改进的EGUN程序对HIRFL – CSR冷却装置电子枪进行了模拟设计。给出了电子束的横向温度随电极结构和螺线管纵向磁场的变化情况。计算结果表明：在冷却装置的整个工作能量范围内，可以获得横向温度低于0.1eV的电子束。     

电子束在弯曲螺线管中的运动

 为研究HIRFL-CSR电子冷却装置中电子束穿过电子冷却装置中弯曲螺线管后电子横向能量的变化,用POISSON程序计算出弯曲螺线管的磁场分布,考虑了空间电荷效应,用数值方法模拟计算了电子在弯曲螺线管中的运动情况,得到了电子束横向能量变化最小时磁场各分量与电子束能量和弯曲螺线管几何尺寸之间的关系,并获得了电子束横向能量在束流截面的空间分布。     

HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置磁场测量

 在HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置上采用了独立的高精度螺线管串联产生纵向磁场的设计,获得很高的冷却段磁场平行度。使用霍尔片测量磁场的分布,使用磁针测磁方法测量冷却段磁场的磁轴偏角,并根据测量及计算结果对单个线圈磁轴进行微调。测量及调试结果表明,在施加电流为额定电流的一半时,冷却段磁感应强度为0.078 T,剩余磁场小于2×10^-4 T,磁场不平行度小于1×10^-4,达到了预期的设计目标。     

HIRFL-CSR 实验环电子冷却装置参数优化

 以400MeV/u的²³⁸U⁹¹为例,用电子冷却模拟程序计算了冷却时间随冷却段长度、冷却段磁感应强度、磁场平行度、电子密度、电子束半径、电子温度的变化规律,并分析了影响冷却时间的因素,获得了电子冷却装置最优参数。     

CSR电子冷却系统强流电子束包络的振荡特性

 HIRFL CSR的电子冷却系统是采用强流电子束对重离子束进行冷却。在冷却段漂移管区，由于强流电子束自身的空间电荷场和螺线管磁场的作用，使得电子束的包络发生振荡。通过求解电子束的横向包络方程，研究了强流电子束包络随电子束参数和螺线管聚焦磁场的变化关系。计算结果表明：对于不同的电子束能量和磁场，电子束包络的振荡频率也不相同；在相同的条件下，磁场越强，电子束包络振荡幅度越小，电子束能量越大，其包络的振荡频率也越快。     

HIRFL-CSR电子冷却装置高精度螺线管线圈制作及磁场测量

 采用特殊工艺制作了HIRFL-CSR电子冷却装置冷却段高精度螺线管线圈,两个产生反向磁场的线圈同轴、平行地放置在特制的测量装置上,高精度霍尔探头位于测量装置中心平面上,探头测量面与测量装置轴线重合,测量单个线圈磁场的横向分量,调节线圈几何轴相对于测量装置轴线的夹角,测得线圈磁轴的偏角小于1×10^-3。     

合肥软X射线波段自由电子激光注入器模拟优化

合肥软X射线波段自由电子激光项目是基于直线加速器的软X射线光源. 其注入器由光阴极微波电子枪与两个直线加速3米段构成. 光阴极微波电子枪产生束团电荷量1nc、峰值流强100A、重复频率10Hz电子束流, 并利用螺线管磁场在其出口处进行发射度补偿, 在经过一段漂移距离后电子束流进入增强直线段加速. 使在低能端由于空间电荷效应产生的横向发射度增长基本被完全补偿. 本文中利用PARMELA对注入器进行了模拟计算, 对发射度的补偿效果进行了优化, 同时对注入器内各元件的布置也进行了优化. 在注入器出口可以得到归一化横向发射度小于1.5mm.mrad的低发射度束流.     

毫米波回旋速调管磁控注入电子枪模拟计算

介绍了毫米波回旋速调管磁控注入电子枪的结构与特点。电子枪提供的电子束流性能直接影响到回旋速调管的总体参数,为保证整管的效率和输出功率,利用电子枪模拟程序对电子轨迹进行模拟计算,研究了电极形状、磁场分布以及电子轨迹与电子注参量的影响,并为磁控注入电子枪的设计提供了理论依据。     

CSR电子冷却系统电子束空间电荷效应对电子束温度的影响

 通过求解电子冷却系统中冷却段漂移管区的强流电子束产生的空间电荷场,研究了电子束空间电荷效应对电子温升的影响。结合HIRFL CSR电子冷却系统的典型参数,得到了电子在自身空间电荷场和纵向螺线管磁场组成的交叉场作用下产生的漂移速度和由此引起的附加温度大小,并指出减小电子束空间电荷效应的方法。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.