磁控溅射气体团簇源中团簇形成的DSMC研究

利用直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法(DSMC) ,模拟了磁控溅射气体团簇源中Cu+ (Cu-)的含量比例不同的条件下,Cu团簇的尺寸分布。模拟结果表明：随着含量比例的增加,团簇的尺寸分布变窄了,不带电的团簇的比例增加,不带电的铜团簇分布的最大值减小,相应的带正电荷和带负电荷团簇的比例减小;相同的含量比例下,带正电的团簇的尺寸分布与带负电荷的团簇的尺寸分布基本相同;初始Cu- 比Cu+ 的含量比例大时,输出的主要是带负电荷的团簇,带正电荷和不带电的团簇占很小的比例;Cu-含量比例的增加,负Cu团簇的尺寸分布减小。     

磁控溅射气体团簇源中团簇形成的DSMC研究

利用直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法(DSMC) ,模拟了磁控溅射气体团簇源中Cu+ (Cu-)的含量比例不同的条件下,Cu团簇的尺寸分布。模拟结果表明：随着含量比例的增加,团簇的尺寸分布变窄了,不带电的团簇的比例增加,不带电的铜团簇分布的最大值减小,相应的带正电荷和带负电荷团簇的比例减小;相同的含量比例下,带正电的团簇的尺寸分布与带负电荷的团簇的尺寸分布基本相同;初始Cu- 比Cu+ 的含量比例大时,输出的主要是带负电荷的团簇,带正电荷和不带电的团簇占很小的比例;Cu-含量比例的增加,负Cu团簇的尺寸分布减小。     

惠斯通电桥实验的分析

惠斯通电桥的灵敏度是影响电阻测量精度的一个主要因素。本论文探究了惠斯通电桥的灵敏度与电源的电动势、桥臂的电阻、桥臂的比例之间的关系。理论分析显示了，电路的总电流保持恒定的情况下，桥臂的比例越大，惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越低，电阻测量的精度越低。另外，桥臂的比例保持不变且电路总电流不大的情况下，电路的总电流越大，惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越高，电阻测量的精度越高。实验测量得到的数据肯定了理论分析得到的结论。     

GW170817:爱因斯坦对了吗?

来自双中子星并合的引力波事件GW170817和伴随的电磁波段的观测,是天文学研究上的一个重要突破。它不仅带给人类史无前例的关于中子星、伽马暴、千新星的知识,也提供了一个检验强场引力的极端天体实验室。爱因斯坦的广义相对论在不同的方面得到了全新的检验,包括引力的速度、引力子的质量、时空的对称性、引力波的辐射和偏振等。这些检验在更高的精度与更广的视角上肯定了广义相对论的预言。     

带有任意自旋粒子衰变产物的角分布

本文研究了具有任意自旋的粒子衰变为一个自旋为零,另一个自旋为1/2的粒子的角分布。给出了球谐函数展开式系数的表式。发现偶次球谐函数项的系数是和引起衰变的相互作用哈密顿量具体形式无关的。但是在球谐函数展开式的奇次项的系数却和一个参变数α有关,而α的值却反映了宇称守恒的相互作用和宇称不守恒的相互作用之间干涉作用的大小。我们给出了这些系数的极大值,发现凡是偶次项系数的极大值是随着衰变粒子自旋的增加而增加的,而奇次项系数的极大值却随着衰变粒子自旋的增加而减小。本文还给出了衰变着的粒子的密度矩阵作为展开式的系数的函数的表式。当这些展开式系数已经知道以后,用这些函数就能决定衰变前的粒子的极化状态,决定宇称守恒相互作用和宇称不守恒相互作用之间的干涉的程度。     

世界范围发光研究的现状

当今的发光研究涉及到一些新奇的和有结构的材料,涉及到尖端的实验技术和高深的理论方法。材料在成分和结构上是多种多样的,并且包括:纯的半导体,例如杂质浓度低于10~9杂质/cm~3的锗;同位素掺杂的有机晶体,例如在质子化的蒽基质中的氘化的蒽;大原胞的化学配比材料,其激活剂是有序排列的,不象在通常的发光体中那样位于无规的格位上;结构性很强的材料,包括用分子束外延制备的异质结、在组分上有单调梯度变化的材料     

光量子信息传输技术

指出光量子信息传输与常规光通信不同的特点。量子信息的传输的载体选用单光子。单光子是由复振幅概率波迭加的波函数来表示的。其本征函数是一组完全正交的偏振态。量子编码即是由表征光子量子态的复数概率波振幅的变化来实现的，传输光纤的双折射和光子的偏振性质是要考虑的一个关键问题。指出用于量子信息编码的三组互为共轭的量子态之间的转化及相位调制对量子态演化的作用，由此比较了各种量子信息传输的方法。     

论散射过程相分析中的不定性问题

从散射过程的相分析中存在不同的相移的选取所必须满足的条件出发,在本工作中,讨论了任意自旋粒子的弹性散射过程的相分析中的不定性问题。给出了全部不同的相的集合之间的变换矩阵,其中所含的实参数由二阶代数方程组决定,因此相分析中的不定性问题化为解这些代数方程的实根的问题。指出此实根的组数之半即为相分析中不同选取的组数。这样,相分析中的运动学不定性问题已完全解决。当道自旋为1/2时,只存在两组不同的相移,当道自旋为1时,也只有两组不同的相移,因此证明了,已知的南氏不定性是这样的自旋值下的全部不定性。在道自旋为3/2时,给出了四给不同的相移。因此除已找出的相移间的变换外,还存在两种新的变换。物理上说,相分析中的不定性相应于自旋的某种运动,它保持自旋张量在动量方向的分量不变,且表征此种运动的参量取一定数值。从讨论中得出,道自旋为整数的情况和为半整数的情况,相移的变换矩阵中所含的实参数所满足的代数方程组具有十分不同的性质,因此实根的组数也不同。这表示,道自旋为整数和为半整数的情况的相移的不同选取的组数也完全不同。一般的推测是,道自旋为整数的情况时的相移不同选取要比为半整数时的少很多。 关键词：     

习题教学后的反思点剖析

习题教学的根本,在于知识点的应用和思维与能力点的突破．常规教学中重视习题的求解过程,即物理过程的展示、物理量之间的等量、常量及关系量的寻找．教学后的反思重在知识点的综合与衔接．其实习题教学的反思应该重在思维和能力的突破,形成解决物理的方法和能力．下面从例题的反思中展现思维与能力的反思点．     

费因曼对凝聚态物理的贡献

费因曼是一位著名的物理学家,他对理论物理的很多方面作出过重要贡献.费因曼的思想是十分机敏且具有独创性的.他喜欢用不同于其他人的角度去注视物理学中的每一个问题,不论是重要的或不重要的,他经常喜欢说的一句话是:“看看问题的其他方面.”正是这种独特的思维方式加上他的极端努力,使费因曼成为一个与众不同的人.任何一个从事创造性工作的人,为了摆脱常规的思想,去掉一些看来是可接受的但却是错误的方式,而需要找出解决问题的更好的途径时,总是以各种方式冲击着原有的传统.但费因曼的这种“看看问题其他方面”的做法,往往与别人不同.其结…     

分子费米共振拉曼光谱强度分析

测量了CCl₄和CS₂分子的Raman光谱。用Bertran理论和群论等相关理论对其光谱强度进行了分析,获得了发生费米共振分子的拉曼光谱强度的特殊规律： (1)发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间发生能量转移,两光谱强度大小相互接近,当发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间距离很小时,两发生费米共振的光谱强度相等(R=1);(2)能出现倍频光谱强度高于其基频光谱强度;(3)也会观测到费米共振光谱,而观测不到参与费米共振的和频中的基频光谱。此研究对化学、材料科学中的分子结构、材料成分等研究中的谱线认证、归属有很好的参考价值。     

Asymptotic properties of sequences of iterates of nonlinear transformations

By considering functions defined on the unit interval with a single zero minimum and a single unit maximum we are led to a version of the doubling or universal transformation. The fixed point functions of this doubling transformation have certain invariance properties under conjugacy. These invariance properties lead to a widening of the concept of universality to power law conjugacy classes in which the Feigenbaum divergence parameter is a function only of the product of the powers with which iterating functions approach unity at the maximum and zero at the minimum. We also construct an effective method for computing the divergence parameter from iterates, and derivatives of iterates, generated by the appropriate fixed point function.On leave from Mathematics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.     

Basin of attraction of cycles of discretizations of dynamical systems with SRB invariant measures

Computer simulations of dynamical systems arediscretizations, where the finite space of machine arithmetic replaces continuum state spaces. So any trajectory of a discretized dynamical system is eventually periodic. Consequently, the dynamics of such computations are essentially determined by the cycles of the discretized map. This paper examines the statistical properties of the event that two trajectories generate the same cycle. Under the assumption that the original system has a Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen invariant measure, the statistics of the computed mapping are shown to be very close to those generated by a class of random graphs. Theoretical properties of this model successfully predict the outcome of computational experiments with the implemented dynamical systems.     

Infrared Quantitative Study of Acetylation of Microspheres of Polystyrene

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study quantitatively the acetylation of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with diameters ranging from 7 to 9μm. The CH₂ stretching infrared vibration mode at 2921 cm^?1 was used as the internal intensity standard. The acetylation extent could be easily measured by comparing the relative intensities of the bands of acetyl group (1678, 1415, 1359 cm^?1) or the bands due to the para-substituted benzene ring to the band at 2921 cm^?1 from the calibration curve.     

Spectroscopic Parameters of High Overtones of the Vibrations of Molecules

Based on the fundamental equation from the vibration theory of molecules and the operation of direct product of matrices and its properties for eigenvalues and eigenvectors, an equation of overtone vibrations for any high order has been obtained whose solution yields the matrices of vibration modes. Correlations determining changes in the structure parameters, just as expressions for the matrices of the coefficients of kinematic interaction and force constants, and for the parameters of vibrational-rotational interaction have been presented. Using the formulas obtained, the electro-optical parameters of water molecules H₂O and isotopes H₂ ¹⁷O and H₂ ¹⁸O have been calculated for overtones of up to the sixth order within the framework of the semiempirical quantum-chemical CNDO/2 method using the method of numerical differentiation by spline functions.     

Electron microscopy study of aggregation of microclusters of sulphur

A study of aggregation of sulphur particles in colloidal suspension of sulphur in water-methanol mixture using TEM and electron diffraction is reported. From the micrographs the aggregates formed have been found to be random and tenuous indicating a fractal structure. The electron diffraction patterns of the aggregates are used to study the mechanism of diffusion and reaction limited aggregation.     

Laser cooling of internal degrees of freedom of molecules

Optical pumping techniques using laser fields combined with photo-association of ultracold atoms leads to control of the vibrational and/or rotational population of molecules. In this study, we review the basic concepts and main steps that should be followed, including the excitation schemes and detection techniques used to achieve ro-vibrational cooling of Cs₂ molecules. We also discuss the extension of this technique to other molecules. In addition, we present a theoretical model used to support the experiment. These simulations can be widely used for the preparation of various experiments because they allow the optimization of several important experimental parameters.     

Abelian Extensions of the Group of Diffeomorphisms of a Torus

In this Letter we construct Abelian extensions of the group of diffecomorphisms of a torus. We consider the Jacobian map, which is a crossed homomorphism from the group of diffeomorphisms into a toroidal gauge group. A pull-back under this map of an invariant central 2-cocycle on a gauge group turns out to be an Abelian cocycle on the group of diffeomorphisms. In the case of a circle we get an interpretation of the Virasoro–Bott cocycle as a pull-back of the Heisenberg cocycle. We also give an Abelian generalization of the Virasoro–Bott cocycle to the case of a manifold with a volume form.     

金属丝的杨氏模量测定实验的改进

对金属丝杨氏模量测定仪重新设计.将金属丝水平放置,在中点处悬挂重物,通过测量金属丝伸长后的转角,进而测量金属丝的杨氏模量.