不同电介质结构下介质阻挡放电特性研究

设计制作了单面有氧化铟锡(ITO)导电介质层的双玻璃介质层的介质阻挡放电装置,研究了其放电特性,并将其与双玻璃介质层和单玻璃介质层的介质阻挡放电进行了比较.从电荷输运的角度分析,上述三种装置分别实现了电荷的二维、零维和三维输运.采用两种不同的双玻璃介质层装置,获得了单个稳定的放电丝.与无ITO导电层的双玻璃结构得到的单个放电丝相比,单面有导电ITO介质的双玻璃结构中,单放电丝呈"T"字型,其光晕是前者光晕的2倍,其放电电流大于前者电流,其放电时间间隔长短交替现象更为明显,且存在强度大小交替的现象.分析表明,壁电荷输运及二次电子发射的不同导致了不同电介质结构放电特性的不同. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 壁电荷 二次电子发射     

有限长导体棒的电荷分布的数值模拟

利用有限差分法对有限长导体棒电荷面密度进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果说明,有限长带电导体棒面电荷分布不仅与导体表面的曲率半径有关,还与导体的总体形状以及导体周围环境中其他导体的分布有关.     

介质阻挡放电中微放电的映射方程

利用双水电极介质阻挡放电装置，采用光学方法测量了大气压空气和氩气中介质阻挡放电的微放电时间特性.实验发现微放电通道相邻两次放电时间间隔是长短交替的.根据壁电荷对相邻两次微放电的不同影响，建立了介质阻挡放电时间序列的映射方程.不同放电参量取值情况下的计算结果表明，介质阻挡放电中，壁电荷电场的衰减时间常数远大于100μs量级.由方程所得的结果，解释了相邻两次放电时间间隔长短交替的实验现象，确定了壁电荷衰减时间常数的范围. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 时间特性 壁电荷 映射方程     

直线加速器中双向高斯密度分布电荷束团发射度增长的比率关系

采用直线加速器中的空间电荷束团的有限圆柱模型,并假设该有限圆柱体电荷密度分布在横向r和纵向z都满足高期分布,推导得到了该电荷束团的自场能与发射度增长公式;通过数值模拟计算,给出了束流发射度增长随束团参数和加速器系统参数变化的图表曲线,讨论了该双向高期密度分布电荷束团发射度增长的比率关系.     

表面电荷密度法的应用研究

本文介绍了一种边界积分方程法——表面电荷密度法。它可用于处理轴对称电场和三维电场,特别是包含介质和开放边界的系统;还可用来精确确定各种形状电极间的电容。本文对应用此法所遇到的各种奇异性问题进行了讨论,在理论推导的基础上,编制了通用程序,它可处理包含圆形、直线形电极和介质的轴对称系统,可处理矩形平面电极的三维场。利用这个程序,对尖端发射体外的电位分布及快速变像管中一种常用的聚焦系统的空间电位分布进行了计算,与差分法作了比较,还计算了考虑介质边界后的影响;计算了单球体的空间电位分布,并与解析值进行了比较,计算了几种模型的电容,并与解析值和极限值进行了比较。     

任意形状带电导体表面的场强

 一、导体表面的实际场强静电平衡状态下任意形状带电导体的电荷一定分布在导体表面,实际的电荷层厚度不可能为零。带电导体表面的场强,是对电荷层外表面而言的。用高斯定理求解导体表面的场强时,要么承认电荷层有厚度,考察点可以贴着导体表面,也可以在导体外并无限接近表面;要么把电荷层当作厚度为零的面电荷,则考察点必须在导体外并无限接近导体表面。这两种思维方式都是为了过考察点做平行于表面的高斯面时,把考察点附近区域的电荷置于高斯面内,二者对求解导体表面的实际场强是等价的。当考察点处电荷面密度为σ,可得该处表面场强大小E=σε0,方向垂直于该处的表面(σ电性为正时向外,为负时向内)。     

若干放电电极的改进设计与分析

在已用于脉冲放电气体激光器中的近似Rogowski电极、紧凑式Chang电极和Ernst电极的基础上,提出了将近似Rogowski电极金属衬板缩短和削减其中央电极厚度、将紧凑式Chang电极和Ernst电极金属衬板改为绝缘介质衬板,并对Ernst电极参数进行优化的改进型电极结构.设计了这些改进型电极的制造方法,并用模拟电荷法计算了改进型电极表面的电场分布.把均匀场电极的电场理论分布和已使用的电极表面电场分布进行比较,可以看出,这些改进型电极在电场分布和结构上优于已使用的电极.     

直线加速器中双向高斯密度分布电荷束团发射度增长的比率关系

采用直线加速器中的空间电荷束团的有限圆柱模型，并假设该有限圆柱体电荷密度分布在横向ｒ和纵向ｚ都满足高期分布，推导得到了该电荷束团的自场能与发射度增长公式；通过数值模拟计算，给出了束流发射度增长随束团参数和加速器系统参数变化的图表曲线，讨论了该双向高期密度分布电荷束团发射度增长的比率关系．     

近玻尔速度氙离子激发钒的K壳层X射线

测量了2.4—6.0 MeV Xe~(20+)离子轰击V靶表面过程中辐射的X射线.计算了V的K壳层X射线发射截面,并将实验结果与平面波恩近似、ECPSSR、两体碰撞近似的理论计算进行了对比.讨论了近玻尔速度非对称碰撞过程中,BEA模型估算高电荷态重离子激发内壳层电离的修正因素.结果表明,综合考虑库仑偏转和有效电荷态修正后,BEA理论与实验结果符合较好.     

应用矩量法研究有限长带电直导线的电荷分布

文章采用矩量法数值计算有限长带电直导线的电荷密度分布.结果表明,带电直导线的电荷密度分布不均匀,导线两端电荷密度大,中间电荷密度小,正电荷密度呈"∪"分布,负电荷密度呈"∩"分布,计算结果较为精确并具有良好的收敛性.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...