薄膜测厚仪

许多物理实验要用很薄的膜,如薄靶、薄吸收片、薄窗等,并且要知道所用薄膜的厚度(或面密度)。测量薄膜厚度的方法有称重方法、光学方法、电学方法和放射性方法等。这些方法适用于测量不同厚度的薄膜,准确度也不同。我们制备了一台简便的α粒子薄膜测厚仪,并且用它测量了厚度从10微克/厘米~2到数百微克/厘米~2的VYNS有机薄膜的厚度(VYNS是氯乙烯和醋酸乙烯的共聚物)。     

ZnO薄膜和薄膜声表面波器件

由Solie和Kino等人提出的薄膜SAW器件,实际上是一种包括覆盖在非压电基片上的压电薄膜在内的层状结构。适当选择压电薄膜和基片材料,可实现强压电耦合和高温度稳定性,氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜由于它有较高的机电耦合系数(K:(?)0.28)、较好的温度稳定性以     

氟化镁薄膜

氟化镁薄膜目前仍是工作中用得最多的一种薄膜。但目前在镀制氟化镁薄膜过程中,还有几个问题有待进一步解决。本文想结合工作实际,谈氟化镁薄膜镀制过程中的三个主要问题。一、原料问题过去我们使用的氟化镁全靠进口,其中用得最多的是英国BDH氟化镁。我国虽然生产MgF_2,就是不能用于镀制薄膜,镀膜用的MgF_2却一直要进口。帝国主义为了卡我们,对这种BDH氟化镁的性能,十分     

薄膜型热释电探测器及其薄膜的制备

本文阐述了薄膜型热释电探测器原理及其薄膜的制备方法,进一步分析、整理了薄膜制备过程中的条件及参数。     

金刚石薄膜的结构特征对薄膜附着性能的影响

在不同实验条件下，用微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备在硬质合金(WC+6%Co)衬底上沉积了 具有不同结构特征的金刚石薄膜.用Raman谱表征薄膜的品质和应力，用压痕实验表征薄膜的 附着性能，考察了薄膜中sp²杂化碳含量、形核密度、薄膜厚度对薄膜附着性能 的影响.结 果表明：sp²杂化碳的缓冲作用使薄膜中sp²杂化碳的含量对薄膜中 残余应力有较大的影 响，从而使薄膜压痕开裂直径统计性地随sp²杂化碳含量的增加而减小；仅仅依 靠超声遗 留的金刚石晶籽提高形核密度并不能有效改变薄膜与硬质合金基体之间的化学结合状况，从 而不能有效提高薄膜在衬底上的附着性能；在薄膜较薄时，晶粒之间没有压应力的存在，开 裂直径并不明显随厚度增加而增加，只有当薄膜厚度增加到一定值，晶粒之间才有较强压应 力存在，开裂直径随厚度的增加而较为迅速地增加. 关键词： 金刚石薄膜 附着性能 2杂化碳')" href="#">sp²杂化碳 成核密度 薄膜厚度     

聚苯乙烯薄膜对自支撑锆薄膜的性能改善

 利用直流磁控溅射方法和提拉法制备了自支撑Zr/C₈H₈复合滤光膜和C₈H₈滤光膜。用同步辐射光源测量了滤光膜对软X射线的透射率，用俄歇电子能谱分析了膜中的元素含量。结果表明，虽然C8H8薄膜的加入在一定程度上降低了Zr滤光膜在软X射线波段的透射率，但较好地阻止了存储和使用过程中氧、氮等杂质对Zr金属膜的入侵，有效地改善了滤光膜的环境稳定性；同时很好地改善了Zr滤光膜的力学性能和表面面形，使制备的成品率提高了20%。     

金属磁性薄膜

对金属薄膜磁性方面比较广泛而系统的研究开始于1940年,特别是1946年吉泰尔(Kittel)对薄膜及微粉磁性的理论发表之后。1956年发现,铁镍合金薄膜在数奥斯特的磁场下,其开关时间可短至毫微秒数量级,这为进一步提高电子计算机的运算速度及其有关理论的研究提供了一个新的方向;因之近年来这问题愈来愈引起人们的注意。磁膜所涉及的方面甚广,本文仅就有关磁性薄膜的几个主要问题如制备方法,磁膜的特点及重要性,自发磁化与畴     

透明导电薄膜

<正> 引言金属薄膜和半导体薄膜都具有透明、导电和反红外线三种性能。我们镀制的掺锡(SnO_2)三氧化二铟(In_2O_3)薄膜,方电阻R_□=20±10Ω;可见光透光率T_(0.4～0.75)=(96±2)%,激光1.06μ透光率T_(1.06)=(92±2)%;对直径140㎜、厚12㎜的玻璃上镀膜后,施加28V的电压,经过5min可以从-45℃低温下上升到5℃;用功率50MW,能量500mJ的激光器连续2min600次发射激光冲击膜层,膜层未见损伤。本文将要介绍透明导电膜的分类、几种制备方法、透明导电膜的机理、镀膜的工     

离子导体薄膜

最近十几年来,发现了一些离子电导率很高的固体材料即超离子导体或快离子导体.然而与液体电解质相比,其离子电导率仍然很低.为了克服这个缺点,在探索电导率更高的离子导体新材料的同时,也开展了离子导体薄膜的研究.本文综述了离子导体薄膜的研究情况. 一、薄膜生长和物理性质1.衬底 通常将薄膜制备在衬底上,以获得适当的机械强度.因而衬底材料的选择和处理就是离子导体薄膜研究中的重要问题. 在离子导体薄膜器件中通常有几个薄膜叠在一起,除了原始衬底外,每一层薄膜又成为下一层的衬底,这样就涉及到膜与衬底和膜与膜之间的相互作用.薄膜与衬…     

纳米硅薄膜

非晶态硅薄膜是当前重要的人工功能材料,它具有亚稳态结构,具有一系列不同于晶态硅的特征.十余年来,用非晶硅薄膜材料已研制成各种类型的非晶态半导体新器件[1].然而,由于这种材料本身还存在一些弱点,如结构上的亚稳状态及不稳定性,工艺上不易做到很好的重复,有较强的光感生效应及热不稳定性;迁移率及载流子寿命远低于晶态硅等,因而它的进一步开发和应用受到了限制. 如何改进非晶硅薄膜材料的性能、质量以及寻求提高迁移率、载流子寿命这些重要参数是当务之急.近几年,国外不少研究工作又重新回到探索和改进非晶硅薄膜材料性能上来,从薄膜沉…     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.