BEPCⅡ冲击磁铁的设计和样机研制

由于BEPCⅡ储存环注入系统对冲击磁铁的设计要求比较高，国际上现有的两种低束流阻抗的冲击磁铁方案都不能完全满足其要求. 本文提出的一种新型冲击磁铁方案解决了BEPCⅡ冲击磁铁的设计难题，并且通过样机的成功研制，证明了这种方案对于BEPCⅡ来说是可行的，结构和工艺设计是合理的.     

BEPC Ⅱ工程磁铁设计与制造

北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)改造工程是将原来的单环升级为高亮度的双环对撞机(BEPCⅡ),即在现存的BEPC隧道里增加一个新的储存环.使得BEPC Ⅱ能够提供从1.0GeV到2.1GeV能量范围的高亮度对撞束流供高能物理实验用,同时外环还要兼容2.5GeV能量250mA流强的同步辐射专用模式运行,实际上相当于有3个储存环运行.由于受到BEPC储存环隧道空间的局限,物理上的高亮度要求,以及BEPCⅡ真空盒设计采用带前室(Antechamber)结构,因此给各种磁铁设计与制造增加了相当大的难度.着重介绍BEPCⅡ储存环和对撞区中几种主要常规磁铁的设计、制造概况,同时也给出了相应的磁场测量结果.     

环形正负电子对撞机注入引出分布参数型冲击磁铁设计

环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）是一台周长100 km,最高能量为120 GeV的双环对撞机。为了满足不同能量粒子从增强器注入到对撞环,针对W和Z能量模式设计了对撞环离轴注入系统,用于实现束流的累积。为了提高注入效率,兼容不同注入能量,不同束流填充模式,同时尽可能减少注入过程中冲击磁铁对其它束团的扰动,要求对撞环离轴注入冲击磁铁系统是一个上升时间和下降时间小于200 ns,脉冲底宽调节范围为440～2420 ns的梯形波脉冲放电系统。和常见的集中参数型冲击磁铁相比,分布参数型冲击磁铁具有更优越的动态响应特性,适合产生一个前沿更加陡峭、波形更为理想的梯形波脉冲。根据CEPC的束流注入物理需求,完成了一台分布参数型冲击磁铁的物理设计和结构设计,并采用了PSpice和Opera程序进行模拟仿真。设计结果表明：冲击磁铁由26级LC单元结构叠装而成,磁铁总长为1018 mm,磁有效长度为942 mm;在[-20,20] mm磁铁孔径内,磁场强度为0.042 1 T,磁场均匀性优于±0.2%;冲击磁铁系统总上升时间（10%～90%）为193 ns,下降时间（90%～10%）为191 ns。理论分析、...     

BEPCⅡ工程磁铁设计与制造

北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)改造工程是将原来的单环升级为高亮度的双环对撞机(BEPCⅡ), 即在现存的BEPC隧道里增加一个新的储存环. 使得BEPCⅡ能够提供从1.0GeV到2.1GeV能量范围的高亮度对撞束流供高能物理实验用, 同时外环还要兼容2.5GeV能量250mA流强的同步辐射专用模式运行, 实际上相当于有3个储存环运行. 由于受到BEPC储存环隧道空间的局限, 物理上的高亮度要求, 以及BEPCⅡ真空盒设计采用带前室(Antechamber)结构, 因此给各种磁铁设计与制造增加了相当大的难度. 着重介绍BEPCⅡ储存环和对撞区中几种主要常规磁铁的设计、制造概况, 同时也给出了相应的磁场测量结果.     

BEPCⅡ超导腔高次模阻抗抑制优化研究

BEPCⅡ500MHz超导腔是BEPCⅡ储存环的关键设备,腔中高次模的分布和阻抗将很大程度上直接影响束流的稳定.因此,研究BEPCⅡ超导腔的高次模分布和高次模吸收器的吸收效果对实现BEPCⅡ指标至关重要.为此,通过改变高次模吸收器的位置、铁氧体吸收材料的长度、厚度以及腔的渐变过渡波导的角度等对BEPCⅡ超导腔高次模阻抗抑制进行了模拟优化研究,从而找到并确定了吸收器对高次模阻抗抑制的最优值.同时,为证实模拟计算结果的正确性,对BEPCⅡ超导模型腔进行了高次模分布和吸收测量,得到了与计算一致的结果.结果表明,经过细致优化腔的高次模吸收器,腔中大部分高次模被深度吸收了,那些具有潜在危险的高次模阻抗值降到了阈值以下,满足BEPCⅡ束流阻抗要求     

BEPCⅡ注入冲击磁铁电源系统的时间漂移调节器

北京正负电子对撞机二期改造工程(BEPCⅡ)对注入冲击磁铁电源系统的时间稳定性提出了很高的要求, 即脉冲的时间抖动和漂移总量小于±5ns. BEPCⅡ冲击磁铁电源采用的是基于闸流管开关的LC谐振放电的半正弦脉冲电源, 为了补偿包括闸流管在内的系统时间漂移, 研制了时间漂移调节器, 经过测试其主要性能指标达到设计要求, 调节分辨率为1ns, 自身抖动加8小时漂移小于2ns. 主要介绍时间漂移调节器的基本原理和实现手段, 以及研制过程所获得的主要经验.     

纵向逐束团束流反馈冲击器模型腔的研制

纵向束流反馈系统是近年来国际上迅速发展并广泛应用的抑制储存环纵向耦合束团不稳定性的方法,冲击器是其中的关键部件之一.结合BEPCⅡ设计参数,研制了纵向束流反馈冲击器模型腔,并且利用同轴线法测量了该模型腔的阻抗和带宽,满足设计要求.该模型腔设计采用脊波导加载带鼻锥的pillbox腔体的方案,束流管道设计为BEPCⅡ标准跑道形.     

CSNS\RCS引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁样机的设计

 设计了中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁样机。为降低磁铁和其电源的研制难度,保证运行的可靠性,决定采用美国散裂中子源(SNS)的Single-turn结构。根据磁铁的设计指标,给出了磁铁设计要求铁芯材料选择方法、整体的结构设计以及如何对磁铁进行定位和准直,并采用Opera程序进行模拟计算,结果表明：当铁芯长度为220 mm时,磁有效长度大约为302 mm;磁感应密度最大的地方在4个内角上,约为0.215 T;在133 mm×200 mm的平面范围内,磁场均匀性优于±0.8%。理论分析和Opera程序模拟均验证了磁铁结构方案的可行性。     

利用直流辅助凸轨设计HLS注入系统研究

合肥同步光源的现有注入凸轨由3块冲击磁铁产生,不同的运行模式具有不同的凸轨.为了改变这种凸轨参数与储存环参数的相互依赖,提出采用集中布局的方案,即在注入长直线节形成注入局部凸轨.由于HLS的注入长直线节很短,需要冲击磁铁为束流提供较大的偏转角度.为此,本文研究了采用辅助直流凸轨的方案,以减小对冲击磁铁强度的要求,并分析该注入系统对储存环动力学孔径的改善.     

响应矩阵分析方法在BEPC储存环上的应用

由于储存环中各种元件误差的存在, 机器的实际运行模式与设计模式有一定的偏差. 目前广泛开展的响应矩阵方法研究, 可以分析出磁铁元件以及束流位置测量元件的误差, 使束流基本参数得到校正. 介绍了用响应矩阵分析方法, 在BEPC储存环上进行的局部轨道校正的实验研究, 以及BEPC储存环束流参数校正的模拟研究.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.