拉曼光谱在分析化学中的某些应用进展

拉曼光谱分析技术是以拉曼效应为基础建立起来的分子结构表征技术．它与红外光谱相同，其信号来源于分子的振动和转动，由于分子的拉曼散射截面小，加之不同振动峰的重叠和拉曼散射强度受光学系统参数等诸多因素影响，拉曼光谱多用于定性分析。随着激光技术和检测器技术的...     

显微拉曼技术在公安法学中的应用

室温环境下，利用显微拉曼技术对衣领上的泥土水印、镰刀上的痕迹物、枪击后的残留物进行了测试和分析，得到了痕迹物质的拉曼散射谱。通过对拉曼谱的分析，对这些物质给予了认证。同时研究结果表明：显微拉曼技术能够对极其微量的物质、在短时间内给出拉曼散射信息，预示着这一技术在公安法学研究领域有着重要应用意义。     

显微拉曼技术在公安法学中的应用

室温环境下，利用显微拉曼技术对衣领上的泥土水印，镰刀上的痕迹物，枪击后的残留物进行了测试和分析，得到了痕迹物质的拉曼散射谱。通过对拉曼谱的分析，对这些物质给予了认证，同时研究结果表明：显微拉曼技术能够对极其微量的物质，在短时间内给出拉曼散射信息，预示着这一技术在公安法学研究领域有着重要应用意义。     

双肽、多肽物质和蛋白质的紫外共振拉曼光谱研究现状

本文介绍了紫外共振拉曼光谱技术在双肽、多肽物质和蛋白质二级结构研究的现状和进展，双肽物质ＮＭＡ和ＧＬＹ—ＧＬＹ水溶液光异构化过程的紫外共振拉曼光谱研究，简述了紫外共振拉曼光谱实验技术要点。     

致幻药物-甲基安非他明拉曼散射的研究

在室温环境下，首次利用显微拉曼散射技术测得致幻药物－甲基安非他明的拉曼散射谱。研究分析了甲基安非他明分子的拉曼散射谱，对分子中的主要振动模式进行了识别。在优化条件下，得到甲基安非他明最小检测量为１０－１２ｇ左右。研究结果还表明：显微拉曼光谱技术对于研究微量药物，具有检测灵敏度高、时间短、样品非破坏性等特点。     

现代物理学方法与眼科研究

应用现代物理测试技术如顺磁共振，核磁共振，尤其是激光拉曼光谱技术，对探讨视网膜脱离和白内障成因或为临床提供快速诊断依据，具有不可忽视的作用．近年来拉曼光谱技术引人注目，国外一些研究者用这一技术研究了紫外光诱发白内障、糖尿病白内障、遗传性白内障和冷白内障眼晶状体．从而揭示了不同类型白内障拉曼光谱的异同，对今后深入探讨白内障的成因、临床诊断和筛选抗白内障药物等，具有重要的意义．     

麻黄素和左旋咪唑显微拉曼测试分析

在可见光激发下，利用显微拉曼技术得到了黄素和左旋旋咪唑的拉曼谱，并将它们的拉曼谱和甲基安非地明做了对比分析，麻黄素和甲基安非他明同属单取代苯，其分子结构十分相似，由于取代基的成分不同一样，因而拉曼谱中一些峰的相对强度和位置发生了变化。左旋咪唑由于取代基上为咪唑亚塞唑，其拉曼谱中主要谱线位置和强度明显不同于麻醉黄素和甲基安非他明。实验结果表明，利用显微拉曼技术在短时间内，对致幻药物进行准确快速的检测分析，将这一技术应用于运动比赛中，有助于对参赛人员服用违禁药物的检测和分析。     

基于新型样品池的液体拉曼光谱增强方法研究

拉曼光谱技术在液体检测方面具有诸多优点，如多组分同时探测、非接触、检测周期短、分子指纹特性等，已成功用于多个领域的样品分析，但是较低的探测灵敏度制约了该技术的进一步发展。为了提高液体样品拉曼光谱探测灵敏度，文章报道了一种基于新型液体样品池的拉曼光谱增强方法。该方法在传统比色皿底端加入一个凹面反射镜，一方面可以使作用于样品后的激光再次反射聚焦重新作用于样品，另一方面凹面反射镜可以使拉曼光谱探测装置同时收集前向与后向拉曼散射信号，相较于传统拉曼光谱技术该方法可提高液体拉曼探测灵敏度。首先理论分析了影响拉曼散射强度的因素以及在非偏振光激发下拉曼散射信号强度与收集角度之间的关系，得出结论：当收集角度相较于光源传播方向为前向或后向时(即0°或180°)拉曼散射强度最大，为样品池的设计提供理论基础。进一步设计并制作了一种新型样品池，采用UV胶将镀银凹面反射镜(直径12.5 mm,焦距10 mm)与石英管(外径12 mm,壁厚1 mm,长度30 mm)粘合形成新型液体样品池。为了验证新型样品池的效果，搭建了785 nm拉曼探头装置并开展了相关实验研究，对三种典型的液体样品(75%乙醇、异丙醇、甲醇)...     

拉曼光谱中荧光抑制技术的研究新进展综述

拉曼光谱技术反映了物质的结构特征,可用于分析有机或者无机样品的化学组分。但由于某些被测物的荧光背景远远强于拉曼信号,这些物质的拉曼光谱测量有时十分困难,这限制了拉曼光谱的广泛应用。因此有必要在拉曼检测中对荧光采取抑制措施以准确获取高信噪比的拉曼光谱指纹信息。近些年来,很多的相关研究探讨及发展了多种荧光抑制的新方法。在目前的科研活动中,常用的技术有表面增强拉曼光谱技术、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱技术、共焦显微拉曼光谱技术和高温拉曼光谱技术等。这些技术解决了拉曼光谱早期存在的一些问题,如荧光干扰、灵敏度低等,极大地扩展了拉曼光谱技术在各个领域的应用。而这些新方法可大致归类为物理/化学方法,基于光学性质不同衍生的方法,计算处理方法和其他方法。文章概括性的介绍了上述方法的理论、实现方式,并分析比较了各自的特点。     

拉曼光谱及其检测时样品前处理的研究进展

拉曼光谱具有操作简单,所需样本量小,检测灵敏度高等特点,可进行现场快速筛查、检测及鉴别。样品前处理直接影响分析结果的准确度和精密度,而且操作繁琐费时。发展快速、高效的样品前处理技术进而结合拉曼光谱检测技术具有重要的研究意义,特别是与增强拉曼光谱相结合进行食品、农产品中等残留物的衡量检测已成为研究热点。本文阐述了拉曼光谱产生的原理,介绍了拉曼光谱的起源和发展,讨论了表面增强拉曼光谱技术、针尖增强拉曼光谱技术和壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术,并对拉曼检测之前的样品预处理进行了讨论。     

Theoretical investigation on the pumping effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on stimulated Raman scattering in water

The pumping effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on stimulated Raman scattering is investigated theoretically through the coupled wave equations of stimulated Brillouin scattering and stimulated Raman scattering. The numerical simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. They indicate that the backward stimulated Raman scattering is excited and amplified collectively by both pump laser and stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

Double resonance Raman scattering of second-order Raman modes from an individual graphite whisker

Resonant Raman scattering of second-order Raman modes from an individual graphite whisker synthesized by a high-temperature heat-treatment method at a special pressure was discussed here. The dependence of phonon frequencies on the incoming laser light and the frequency difference between Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering show their origin from double resonance Raman scattering. Our results show that all the experimental results of second-order Raman modes in graphite whiskers, such as the excitation-energy dependence on the mode frequency, the frequency shift between a second-order Raman mode and its fundamentals, and the frequency discrepancy between Stokes and anti-Stokes components of a second-order Raman mode can be well understood by double resonance Raman scattering.     

Raman effect in the x-ray region

This paper presents a brief review of x-ray Raman scattering and some of our calculations on Raman scattered line shapes from light elements. We summarise the history of the Raman process in the x-ray region and present a detailed theory of the Raman scattering from an atomic many-electron system. Actual calculations of the Raman cross-section using this theory in single-particle approximation are given. The process of internal resonance Raman scattering is also discussed in the same formulation. The Raman cross-section is compared with the cross-sections of other x-ray scattering processes.     

Analysis and simulation of single-frequency Raman fiber amplifiers

High power operation of single-frequency Raman fiber amplifiers is usually limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. A theoretical investigation on single-frequency Raman fiber amplifier limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering is presented in this paper, based on the intensity equations combining stimulated Brillouin scattering and stimulated Raman scattering. A combination of methods is proposed to increase the output power of single-frequency Raman fiber amplifier. These methods include applying a suitable pump scheme according to the fiber length and seed signal power, using short gain fibers, utilizing a multiple-stage scheme and providing suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

光纤中拉曼散射回波超高灵敏度探测技术研究

与布里渊散射不同,石英光纤中斯托克斯拉曼散射与光纤所受应力无关,只是绝对温度的函数,而且其拉曼频移为1.395×1013 Hz, 比布里渊散射易于提取,作为分布式光纤温度传感器的传感信号有一定的优势,但斯托克斯拉曼散射信号比布里渊弱,其峰值功率在APD中产生的光电流在nA级,低于APD的噪声电流,经光电转换后信号的信噪比小于1,傅里叶变换以及小波变换都无法有效地处理这类信号。通过对斯托克斯拉曼散射信号进行特征分析后,采用累加与小波降噪的综合方法提取该信号,实现在APD噪声电流以下的超灵敏度探测,达到每度0.104 nA的温度灵敏度,低于本系统所有APD噪声电流2.3 nA的1个数量级。     

Electric field modulated Raman scattering in CdS

We have observed electric field modulated Raman scattering by A₁ LO phonons in CdS. The field induced scattering is observed with a geometry in which Raman scattering by A₁ LO phonons is normally allowed. The interference of the field induced and allowed terms in the transition susceptibility leads to a modulated Raman scattering intensity proportional to the applied field. This is contrasted with data previously reported on field induced Raman scattering by E₁ LO phonons in a configuration in which the Raman scattering is normally forbidden and in which there is no interference between linear wavevector dependent and field induced terms in the transition susceptibility. Electric field effects on Raman scattering by TO phonons and by 2 LO phonons is also discussed.     

表面等离子激元非线性表面增强拉曼散射效应

本文采用热蒸发法制备得到纳米Ag颗粒作为增强拉曼衬底, 利用入射光子与纳米颗粒表面价电子的相互作用机理, 激发出高能表面等离子激元, 其表面等离子形成的高能"热点"起到表面增强拉曼散射效果. 通过比较不同入射光强下的拉曼峰强, 指出纳米Ag颗粒的增强拉曼散射效果可以实现低探测光强下的高散射强度, 即纳米Ag颗粒的表面等离子激元具有非线性的表面增强拉曼散射效果, 可降低对样品的光、热损伤, 以利于拓展拉曼散射光谱的应用范围. 同时比较不同纳米Ag颗粒衬底的表面增强拉曼散射效果表明, 采用的热蒸发工艺具有较大的工艺域度, 具有较强的工艺兼容性.     

碳纳米管拉曼光谱研究新进展

本文介绍碳纳米管拉曼光谱研究的最新进展。重点介绍金属性和半导体性碳纳米管的共振拉曼效应、表面增强拉曼效应和偏振拉曼效应。同时也介绍了碳纳米管的温度效应、压力效应和杨氏模量的拉曼光谱研究     

The Raman effect in crystals

A review is given of progress in the theoretical and experimental study of the Raman effect in crystals during the past ten years. Attention is given to the theory of those properties of long-wavelength lattice vibrations in both cubic and uniaxial crystals which can be studied by Raman scattering. In particular the phenomena observed in the Raman scattering from crystals which lack a centre of inversion are related to the theory. The angular variations of the scattering by any type of lattice vibration in a crystal having any symmetry can be easily calculated using a complete tabulation of the Raman tensor. Recent measurements of first-order lattice vibration spectra are listed. A discussion of Brillouin scattering is included. The relation of second-order Raman spectra to critical points in the lattice vibration density of states is discussed, and measurements of the second-order spectra of diamond and the alkali halides are reviewed. The theory and experimental results for Raman scattering by electronic levels of ions in crystals are examined, and proposals for Raman scattering by spin waves, electronic excitations across the superconductive gap and by plasmons are collected together. Finally, the prospects for applying lasers as sources for Raman spectroscopy are discussed, and progress in the new technique of stimulated Raman scattering is reviewed.