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测量了石墨和纳米碳在不同温度下的正电子寿命谱,研究了石墨和纳米碳中缺陷和电子密度随温度的变化.结果表明,纳米碳中缺陷的开空间和缺陷浓度分别大于和高于石墨晶体;纳米碳的平均自由电子密度低于石墨晶体.当温度从25K升至295K时,石墨和纳米碳中的平均自由电子密度随温度的升高而下降:石墨晶体中的自由电子密度随温度的升高变化较小;纳米碳的自由电子密度随温度的升高变化较大.随着温度的升高,石墨和纳米碳中的热空位数量增多,而且这些空位可迁移至微孔洞的内表面使微孔洞的开空间增大. 相似文献
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石墨相氮化碳为一种具有类石墨烯结构的非金属材料,因其独特的电子结构和良好的生物相容性在生物检测领域有着较好的应用前景。甲胎蛋白是常见的肿瘤标志物,其体内浓度与肝脏相关疾病有着密切联系,对其检测在临床上有助于癌症的早期诊断和治疗。本工作利用纳米石墨相氮化碳的荧光性质,构建了免疫检测器对血清中的甲胎蛋白进行了检测。该方法具有灵敏度高,操作简便,检测快捷的优点。 相似文献
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2 几种纳米材料的结构、特性和应用2 .1 奇妙的碳纳米管将两根石墨碳棒在惰性气体 (氦、氩 )中进行直流电弧放电 ,并用围于碳棒周围的冷凝板收集挥发物 ,通过提纯可获得碳 6 0 ( C6 0 ) .1 991年底 ,瑞士苏里士高工的高压电镜实验室在研究碳团簇的结构时 ,意外地发现有管状结构的碳分子存在 . 1 991年 1 1月 ,日本电器公司( NEC)的电子显微镜专家 Sumio Iijima在用高分辩率电镜检查球状碳分子时也发现了由纳米级同轴碳分子构成的管状物 ,现称为碳纳米管或纳米碳管 .碳纳米管是由石墨中一层或几层碳原子卷曲成的笼状“纤维”,内部是空的… 相似文献
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纳米金刚石薄膜的结构相变非常复杂,对稳定性和物理性质又尤为重要。本文用第一性原理分子动力学模拟研究了超纳米金刚石薄膜的结构相变和表面重构。研究发现,纳米金刚石的表面碳团簇通过断开(111)面的σ键,形成具有碳六元环结构的石墨碎片;内部原子sp3杂化向sp2杂化转化的发生是从(111)面上成对C原子向石墨相转化时形成π键的过程中获得了能量,驱动石墨的转变由表层向心部逐渐进行。转变过程中存在一种洋葱状富勒烯和金刚石结构共存的过渡相——Bucky-diamond,表面悬空键的消除和表层的富勒烯外壳最大限度地降低了表面能和系统总能量,Bucky-Diamond结构稳定存在。 相似文献
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采用不同的方法裁剪高定向热解石墨(HOPG),制备纳米尺寸的石墨条.首先,发现用聚焦离子束(镓离子)刻蚀高定向热解石墨,可以得到边缘整齐程度在几十纳米的石墨条,另外,用 电子束曝光和反应离子刻蚀的工艺,可以得到最小尺寸为50 nm的纳米石墨图型 (nano-size d graphite pattern,纳米尺寸的多层石墨结构).采用了三种不同的方案制备反应等离子刻 蚀过程中需要的掩膜,分别是PECVD生长的SiO2掩膜,磁控溅射的方法生长的Si O2掩膜和PMMA光刻胶掩膜,并将三种方案的刻蚀结果做了对比.
关键词:
高定向热解石墨
聚焦离子束刻蚀
电子束曝光
反应离子刻蚀 相似文献
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M. M. Brzhezinskaya L. A. Pesin V. M. Morilova E. M. Baitinger 《Physics of the Solid State》2012,54(9):1930-1934
Using the equipment of the Russian-German beamline of the synchrotron radiation at the BESSY II electron storage ring, satellite spectra accompanying the C1s core lines in the cases of single-walled carbon nanotubes and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite have been measured with a high energy resolution. The Auger spectra corresponding to shaking of the valence system of carbon by the core vacancy have been found and investigated. The Auger spectra of the studied single-walled carbon nanotubes and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite are caused by annihilation of the excited π* electron with a hole in the π subband. It has been established that the electron states in the conduction band have 3π* (gT, K, M) symmetry; i.e., they correspond to flat 3π* subband, which is localized by 12–13 eV above the Fermi level. It has been revealed that the general regularities of the distribution of electron states in the valence system insignificantly change during its shake-up by the excited core. 相似文献
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Effect of temperature and aspect ratio on the field emission properties of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber and multiwalled carbon nanotube thin films were studied in detail. Carbon nanofibers and multiwalled carbon nanotube have been synthesized on Si substrates via direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Surface morphologies of the films have been studied by a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. It is found that the threshold field and the emission current density are dependent on the ambient temperature as well as on the aspect ratio of the carbon nanostructure. The threshold field for carbon nanofibers was found to decrease from 5.1 to 2.6 V/μm when the temperature was raised from 300 to 650 K, whereas for MWCNTs it was found to decrease from 4.0 to 1.4 V/μm. This dependence was due to the change in work function of the nanofibers and nanotubes with temperature. The field enhancement factor, current density and the dependence of the effective work function with temperature and with aspect ratio were calculated and we have tried to explain the emission mechanism. 相似文献
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W. G. Stallard A. S. Plaut S. Thoms M. C. Holland S. P. Beaumont C. R. Stanley M. Hopkinson 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》1998,2(1-4)
Zero-dimensional electron gases have been fabricated by the strain-patterning of a GaAs/AlAs heterojunction using amorphous carbon stressors. We have used steady-state, time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements to probe the occupied density of states of the electron gases. We observe a novel lateral confinement mechanism and efficient transfer of modulation-doped electrons from the regions between the stressors to the quantum dots. In finite magnetic fields we have mapped the evolution of the electron states from which we estimate the number of electrons per dot to be 15. 相似文献
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Image processing algorithms have been developed to extract fringe length, tortuosity and separation from high resolution transmission electron microscopy images. To validate the separation algorithm, a comparison is made between the image-based fringe separation and that obtained by analysis of X-ray diffraction data for a progressively heat-treated carbon black. Agreement is favorable. To illustrate the utility of the analysis parameters for a range of carbon nanostructures, analysis is applied to a series of pyrolytically prepared carbon soots – qualitatively described as containing amorphous, graphitic or fullerenic nanostructure. For all processing, the intermediate image, in the form of a skeletonized binary image of the original high resolution transmission electron micrograph, is shown and found to accurately reflect the nanostructural organization within the carbon as visually observed. Statistical results for each analysis parameter, extracted from the binary images, are presented in the form of histograms and quantitatively distinguish the different carbon nanostructures. 相似文献
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《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2004,65(2-3):343-348
The electron transport properties of photo- and electron-beam-induced C60 polymers, in which the former is a dumbbell-type two-dimensional (2D) polymer and the latter is a new polyhedral structured (peanut-shaped) carbon nanomaterial, have been investigated. Using a four-probe measurement, we found that the 2D photopolymer and the peanut-shaped polymer exhibit semiconducting and metallic characters in air at room temperature, respectively. In order to elucidate the origin of these electron transport properties, we have performed density-functional calculations of the dumbbell-shaped and peanut-shaped C120 dimers that can be regarded as a basic unit of each polymer. It was found that the HOMO consisting of π-electrons orbital, which is related to the electron transport property, has a node on the [2+2] cyclo-bond for the dumbbell-shaped dimer, while that the HOMO has no node on the cross-linkage and spreads over the peanut-shaped dimer. 相似文献
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A.V. Crewe 《Surface science》1975,48(1):152-160
The high brightness and small physical dimensions of a field emission source make it extremely attractive as the source of electrons in scanning electron microscopes. Using this kind of source considerable improvements have been made in this type of instrument so that at the present time the surfaces of solid objects can be viewed at a resolution of 30 Å and thin specimens can be viewed with a resolution of 2.5 Å. The particular nature of the scanning electron microscope allows some unique forms of contrast to be obtained so that the micrographs which can be taken with these microscopes are different in content and quality than those taken on conventional microscopes. As one example, we have been able to study the motion of single heavy atoms on thin carbon films. The resolution is, of course, not as high as that which can be obtained with a field ion microscope but the kind of specimen which can be viewed is different so that the two instruments are complementary in nature. 相似文献
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