变形镜波前补偿能力的空间频域分析

 利用滤波器原理从空间频域分析了连续镜面分立驱动变形镜对波前的补偿能力。将变形镜等效为一高通滤波器，通过数值计算分析了滤波器函数与驱动器密度、高斯指数、交连值等变形镜主要参数的关系，解释了参数变化对波前拟合能力的影响。结果表明：驱动器密度是波前补偿能力的决定因素，增大高斯指数和交连值一定程度上有利于低空间频率波前的补偿。应用中应该根据待补偿波前的特征正确地选择和调整变形镜参数。     

畸变波前相位校正效果分析

 以随机相位屏构造波前畸变相位,运用高通滤波的方法模拟变形镜对光束波前畸变相位的校正作用,模拟分析了畸变波前的相位校正效果,定量分析了校正效果与低频相位畸变和高频相位畸变之间的关系,并进一步讨论了变形镜的校正位置对校正效果的影响。研究结果表明:对于给定单元尺寸的变形镜,随着畸变波前中高频相位畸变所占比例的增大,经校正后的远场光束质量明显降低,校正效果也越来越差。此外,光学变形镜所在位置对校正效果存在明显影响,校正效果随校正位置的变化呈现出起伏变化。     

变形镜的结构参数对其疲劳寿命的影响

在自适应波前校正过程中,变形镜(DM)受驱动器循环机械驱动作用会产生疲劳累积损伤。利用DM的影响函数和最小二乘法对波前校正过程进行模拟,采用有限元方法分析了DM在波前校正过程中的应力分布,并结合Miner疲劳累积损伤理论,计算了DM的疲劳寿命。在此基础上,重点讨论了DM结构参数对影响函数和DM疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明,对于给定的畸变波前,当DM极头数相同时,极头采用三角形排布方式时DM的交连值最小,疲劳寿命最长;极头采用正方形排布方式时DM的交连值最大,疲劳寿命最短。此外,当极头间距增大时,DM交连值会随之减小,致使DM的疲劳寿命变长。当极头间距相同时,增大极头半径和缩短极头长度会使DM的交连值变小,DM的疲劳寿命也会变短。极头间距变化对DM疲劳寿命的影响程度大于极头半径和长度;当极头间距一定时,不同的排布方式对应的极头数目不同,DM的极头数越多,疲劳寿命就越短。     

大气风速对大气传输光束相位特性的影响

采用功率谱反演法构建湍流相位屏,通过横向平移相位屏的方法模拟大气风速引起的湍流时间变化,进而模拟分析了包括时间进程的激光大气传输特性,从波前相位功率谱密度的角度,定量分析了大气风速引起的激光束在大气湍流中传输时的相位特性变化。在此基础上,采用影响函数模拟变形镜对畸变波前的校正作用,对激光束经大气湍流传输后的自适应校正效果进行了预估,分析了大气风速对校正效果的影响。结果表明,大气风速对边界层湍流中光束相位特性的影响很小,然而,对于自由大气湍流中的传输光束,大气风速越大,波前相位畸变程度越大,畸变波前中高频相位比例也越大;环状光束的校正效果受大气风速的影响比平顶光束更小,并且,随着环状光束阶数的增大,校正效果所受影响逐渐减小;在一定相位畸变范围内,畸变程度越大的环状光束的相位校正效果受大气风速的影响越小。     

变形镜部分驱动器断电失效对校正性能的影响

变形镜在长期工作的过程中,压电陶瓷驱动器因累积疲劳效应会导致其失效,从而导致校正性能的降低。从变形镜的影响函数出发,将失效驱动器的电压置零,采用有限元方法建立变形镜疲劳失效模型,重点分析畸变波前的形态分布、入射光束的类型和驱动器的排布方式等对校正能力的影响。实验结果表明,在部分驱动器失效的情况下,变形镜应当根据高斯型随机畸变波前的形态分布进行失效分析。从低频部分来看,在第1圈驱动器失效的情况下,变形镜对三种入射光束的校正效果几乎相同,当驱动器失效位置在其他圈数时,变形镜对高斯光束的校正效果最差;从高频部分来看,在不同位置驱动器失效的情况下,变形镜对平顶高斯光束的校正效果最佳。     

组合变形镜对板条固体MOPA激光波前畸变校正（英）

提出了一种利用组合变形镜校正板条MOPA固体激光器像差的方法,并通过实验验证其有效性。通过将一个11单元的一维变形镜和一个67单元的二维变形镜组合,有效降低了单个二维变形镜波前校正过程中驱动器间的电压差,从而提高了二维变形镜的使用安全性,并在一定程度上改善了校正后波前畸变的空间分布,降低了波前畸变残差。实验结果表明,一维变形镜与二维变形镜的组合能高效地校正板条MOPA固体激光器的波前畸变,波前残差均方根值小于0.08 m,远场光束质量因子可达1.67。     

基于变形镜本征模式法校正大气热晕的数值模拟

由于相位补偿不稳定性的存在,大气热晕效应的相位校正一直是研究人员十分关心的问题。对变形镜驱动器影响函数耦合矩阵进行正交化获得了按照空间频率划分的变形镜本征模式,建立了采用变形镜本征模式进行波前重构的数值模型,对基于该波前重构方法的自适应光学系统校正大气热晕进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,与直接斜率法相比,变形镜本征模式法可以通过本征模式的选择,改变校正相位的空间频率成分,消除空间高频成分对热晕校正的影响,从而抑制相位补偿不稳定性的发生,提高自适应光学系统闭环控制的稳定性和对大气热晕的校正效果。     

组合变形镜对板条固体MOPA激光波前畸变校正（英文）

提出了一种利用组合变形镜校正板条MOPA固体激光器像差的方法,并通过实验验证其有效性。通过将一个11单元的一维变形镜和一个67单元的二维变形镜组合,有效降低了单个二维变形镜波前校正过程中驱动器间的电压差,从而提高了二维变形镜的使用安全性,并在一定程度上改善了校正后波前畸变的空间分布,降低了波前畸变残差。实验结果表明,一维变形镜与二维变形镜的组合能高效地校正板条MOPA固体激光器的波前畸变,波前残差均方根值小于0.08μm,远场光束质量因子可达1.67。     

交连值对斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵稀疏度的影响

基于529单元自适应光学(AO)系统,分析了变形镜到哈特曼波前传感器的斜率响应矩阵的稀疏特性、波前复原中迭代矩阵的稀疏特性.在变形镜驱动器间距不变的条件下,研究了驱动器交连值对斜率响应矩阵稀疏度、迭代矩阵稀疏度以及AO系统校正能力的影响.研究表明,斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵的稀疏度随交连值的增大而减小;交连值过大或者过小都会影响AO系统的稳定性和校正能力.最后,综合斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵的稀疏度、系统稳定性和校正能力,给出了交连值的合理取值范围.     

基于变形镜本征模式和远场测量的光束净化

利用波前传感器对光束进行净化的自适应光学系统是目前提高光束质量的常用技术,但在实际应用中,该技术需要波前传感器,系统复杂,体积庞大,同时需要较高性能信标源。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于变形镜本征模式和远场光斑特征分析的无波前自适应光学系统,用于校正激光器输出的方形光束。将变形镜影响函数进行本征模式分解,并用远场光斑的均方半径作为评价函数,建立了畸变波前的模式系数与评价函数之间的关系,通过测量评价函数获得模式系数用于求解校正电压,实现波前共轭校正。仿真校正和实验验证结果表明,该方法可以有效实现静态像差校正,提高远场光斑的能量集中度。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.