在溴代十六烷基吡啶存在下5-Br-PADAP分光光度法测定水中微量铁的研究

研究了显色剂2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(简称为5-Br-PADAP)与铁(Ⅱ)显色反应条件,在pH=6.0的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系中,采用阳离子表面活性剂溴代十六烷基吡啶增溶增敏.铁(Ⅱ)与显色剂形成的配合物组成为Fe(Ⅱ):R=1:2,络合物具有两个吸收峰,分别位于λ1=556nm与λ2=748nm.选择748nm进行测定,其摩尔吸光系数为ξ748=3.3×104L·mol-1·cm-1.铁含量在O-30ug/25mL范围内服从比耳定律.此法用于水样中微量铁的测定,结果准确可靠.     

钨-3,5二溴水杨基荧光酮-CTMAB-Tween80多元配合物的分光光度法研究

在混合表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)和吐温 80 (Tween80 )存在下 ,研究了 3,5 二溴水杨基荧光酮 (DBSAF)与钨 (Ⅵ )显色反应的光度特性。在 0 6 0mol·L-1HCl介质中 ,钨 (Ⅵ )与DBSAF及表面活性剂形成胶束络合物 ,采用混合表面活性剂使增溶增敏作用更为显著 ,络合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε =2 6 4× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1,λmax =5 2 7nm。用摩尔比法和连续变换法测得钨 (Ⅵ )与DBSAF所形成的络合物化学计量比为 1∶2。钨 (Ⅵ )含量在 0～ 4 0 0 μg·L-1范围服从比尔定律 ,拟定分析方法可直接用于合金钢样品中微量钨的测定     

表面活性剂增敏分光光度法测定微量锡研究

建立了表面活性剂增敏分光光度法测定水样中微量锡的新方法.锡与二甲酚橙形成络合物,在pH 9.5时吸光度A最大,加入聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)胶束后,络合物的稳定性好,灵敏度大大增加.实验条件下显色络合物的最大吸收峰位于431 nm处,线性范围为Sn 2.0-20.0 μg/mL,回收率为98.9%-104.2%.此方法选择性好、灵敏度高、操作简单,用于分析水样中的微量锡,结果令人满意.     

基于过氧化氢-桑色素化学发光体系的硫化物检测

在pH=9～10范围内,过氧化氢与桑色素溶液混合后可产生较弱的化学发光,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和S2-对该体系化学发光有较强的增敏作用,据此建立了H2O2-桑色素-CTMAB化学发光体系测定S2-的新方法,并对该体系的化学发光反应机理进行了研究.在最佳的实验条件下,S2-在(0.9～9.0)×10...     

新显色剂3,5-二(1-羧基-4,5-二甲氧基-2-苯氨基偶氮基)苯甲酸与铜(Ⅱ)的显色反应

研究了新显色剂3,5-二(1-羧基-4,5-二甲氧基-2-苯氨基偶氮基)苯甲酸(CDMOBAABA)与铜(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在TritonX-100存在下,于pH9.5的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲介质中,CDMOBAABA与铜(Ⅱ)形成棕红色配合物。试剂与络合物的最大吸收波长分别为450nm和540nm。表观摩尔吸光系数为2.43×105L·mol-1.cm-1。铜(Ⅱ)含量在0—20μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律。该方法用于铝合金样品中铜的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相吻合,相对标准偏差1.89%。     

1-偶氮苯-3-(3-硝基-5-氯-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与铜的显色反应

合成了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(3-硝基-5-氯-2-吡啶)-三氮烯(ABNCPDT)。研究了它与铜的显色反应。在pH10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,Triton X-100表面活性剂存在下,试剂与铜生成4∶1型红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于540nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.48×105L·mol-1·cm-1。Cu2 浓度在0—480μg/L范围内符合比耳定律,用于测定铝合金中微量铜,结果满意。     

微乳液增敏光度法测定大米中的痕量铜

研究了溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)和正丁醇、正庚烷、水4组分构成的微乳液对铬天青S与铜(Ⅱ)显色反应的增敏作用,建立了测定大米中痕量铜(Ⅱ)的分光光度新方法.结果表明,在pH=6.00的NaH2PO4-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,铜(Ⅱ)与铬天青S形成蓝绿色配合物,λmax=604 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.608×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,在0-1.2 mg/L范围内吸光度与Cu2 浓度呈良好的线形关系,线性回归方程为:A=-0.01475 0.39036V,相关系数为r=0.9996.应用该方法对大米中的铜进行测定,相对标准偏差RSD=2.8%,加标回收率为97%-104%.结果表明,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度与精密度,适合大米中痕量铜的测定.     

甲酸钠增敏鲁米诺化学发光机理研究及应用

在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)存在下,传统意义上的自由基清除剂甲酸钠反而对铬酸钾一鲁米诺-腺嘌呤化学发光体系表现出了很好的化学发光增敏效果,文章通过化学发光发射光谱,紫外可见光谱及化学反应等手段探讨了这一化学发光体系的增敏机理,结果表明:化学发光体系的增敏是由于反应体系中甲酸钠的存在使原有发光体系中的羟基自由基(OH·)转化为氧自由基(O2·)所致.以此为基础建立了流动注射化学发光法测定腺嘌呤的高灵敏方法,腺嘌呤在2.45×10-11～8.18×10-9 mol·L-1范围内成良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 3),检出限为8.72×10-12 mol·L-1.该法已成功用于测定维生素B4药品中的腺嘌呤的含量,结果令人满意.     

表面活性剂对酶抑制光度法测定有机磷农药的增敏和终止作用

研究3种不同类型的表面活性剂,对聚乙烯醇固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶(PVA-AChE)活性的影响.选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作酶促反应体系的增敏和终止剂,0.6g·L-1 CTAB使酶促反应增敏27％,5g·L-1 CTAB对酶促反应终止作用良好,优化了实验条件,初探了作用机理.用建立的方法测定马拉硫磷的检出限为1.8×10-9g·L-1,线性范围为8-160ng·mL-1,11次测定马拉硫磷(50ng· mL-1)的相对标准偏差为2.8％;用于测定小白菜样品中马拉硫磷的回收率为88.8％-95.6％.     

新型卟啉吡啶季铵盐对铜(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究

研究了在不使用表面活性剂的情况下,新型卟啉吡啶季铵盐溴化5-[4-N-(甲氧基)苄铵基吡啶基]-10,15,20-三(4-N-吡啶基)卟啉对铜(I)的显色反应.结果表明,在pH=1.2时卟啉与Cu2 形成了稳定的配合物,其最大吸收波长为423nm,试剂与Cu2 络合比为1:1,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.24×105L·mol-1·cm-1,铜含量在0-0.8μg/10mL范围内符合比耳定律,该方法应用于环境水样中铜的测定,结果令人满意.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.