基于稀疏分解的大功率半导体激光器1/f噪声参数估计的新方法

本文结合1/f噪声信号功率谱随频率成反比变化的关系, 以及稀疏分解可以根据信号灵活构造原子库的特点, 提出一种基于稀疏分解估计大功率半导体激光器1/f噪声的新方法, 构造了具备1/f噪声特点的过完备库. 在该过完备库中通过Matching Pursuit(MP)算法完成了白噪声与1/f噪声混叠信号的稀疏分解. 实验结果显示:该方法估计出淹没在白噪声环境中1/f噪声的γ 参数, 与频谱分析仪的测量结果有较好的一致性, 通过对比不同的过完备库证明了所构造的过完备库的优越性.     

乘性噪音和加性噪音效应对脉孢菌生物钟体系内信号随机共振的增强

利用有和无外信号作用的脉孢菌生物钟体系,研究了与加性噪音相关或不相关的乘性噪音对加性噪音诱导出的内信号随机共振的影响作用.结果表明：无外信号的情况下,不论加性和乘性噪音相关与否,当乘性噪音强度小于临界值时,乘性噪音的加入使加性噪音诱导产生的内随机共振强度得到增强;当大于其临界值时,加性噪音的随机共振强度却得不到进一步增强,这说明脉孢菌生物钟体系能抵抗外噪音的干扰而维持自身的生理节奏.当加入外信号时,对于乘性和加性噪音不相关的情况,发现存在最佳频率（0.003 Hz）的外信号能使加性噪音诱导出的内信号随机共 关键词： 噪音 脉孢菌生物钟体系 内信号随机共振     

非线性时间序列的小波分频预测

基于噪声的小波变换特点，结合小波包分解和模极大重构来抽取含噪信号的主分量，提出了一种基于最佳尺度分解和Volterra自适应滤波的分频预测算法，使用较少的模型训练样本，同时具有强的抗噪能力.该算法克服了传统小波分解尺度选取的盲目性及单纯Volterra预测器抗噪性能的不足，数值仿真表明，针对含强噪声的非线性信号可进行有效预测. 关键词： 小波分解 Volterra自适应滤波器 分频预测     

Convex combination of nonlinear adaptive filters for active noise control

This paper proposes a nonlinear active noise control (ANC) system based on convex combination of a functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) and a Volterra filter. Simulation study reveals enhanced noise cancelation performance of the proposed ANC system over the ones based on its component filters.     

调制与解调用于随机共振的微弱周期信号检测

提出了调制随机共振方法，实现了在大参数条件下从强噪声中检测微弱周期信号.将混于噪声中的较高频率的弱信号经调制变为一差频的低频信号作用于随机共振体系，该低频信号满足绝热近似理论，因而能产生随机共振；再经解调可获得埋于噪声中的原较高频率的弱信号.对埋于噪声中的未知频率，可采用连续改变调制振荡器的频率，以获得一个适当的差频信号输入到随机共振体系，根据输出信号共振谱峰的变化经解调而得待检弱信号的未知频率.该方法应具有较高的应用前景. 关键词： 调制与解调 非线性双稳系统 随机共振 微弱信号检测     

Modulation masking: effects of modulation frequency, depth, and phase

Modulation thresholds were measured for a sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) broadband noise in the presence of a SAM broadband background noise with a modulation depth (mm) of 0.00, 0.25, or 0.50, where the condition mm = 0.00 corresponds to standard (unmasked) modulation detection. The modulation frequency of the masker was 4, 16, or 64 Hz; the modulation frequency of the signal ranged from 2-512 Hz. The greatest amount of modulation masking (masked threshold minus unmasked threshold) typically occurred when the signal frequency was near the masker frequency. The modulation masking patterns (amount of modulation masking versus signal frequency) for the 4-Hz masker were low pass, whereas the patterns for the 16- and 64-Hz maskers were somewhat bandpass (although not strictly so). In general, the greater the modulation depth of the masker, the greater the amount of modulation masking (although this trend was reversed for the 4-Hz masker at high signal frequencies). These modulation-masking data suggest that there are channels in the auditory system which are tuned for the detection of modulation frequency, much like there are channels (critical bands or auditory filters) tuned for the detection of spectral frequency.     

Frequency dependence of the surface states at the N-type Si-SiO2 interface

The response of the surface states at then-type Si-SiO₂ interface to the different a.c. signal frequencies has been studied. The response values have been computed from both the measured capacitance voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) techniques. The results presented show that the frequency response of the effective density of states to different a.c. signal frequencies is proportional to the log of the applied frequencies.     

小角度衍射噪声光栅滤波方法研究

针对因衍射等原因引起的小角度差光噪声信号,探讨了利用闪耀光栅的2级闪耀,实现角度差放大,提高空间低通滤波器适应性的滤波新方法。理论分析和模拟仿真表明,对于小于5°的角度差,可实现3倍以上放大。放大所需闪耀光栅的频率与入射单色波长成反比,波长越长,所需光栅频率越低。与正的斜入射角相比,负斜入射角度差的放大倍数更大。当负斜入射角超过一定值时,会因为全反射角的限制而导致斜入射2级闪耀不存在,只保留了有效信号的2级闪耀,滤波效果更好。     

High pressure study of phase transitions inα-FePO4

High pressure behaviour of FePO₄ in berlinite form has been investigated up to 10 GPa using vibrational Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. Combination of these techniques along with studies on pressure quenched samples reveal structural transitions in this material from its room pressure trigonal phase to a disordered and a crystalline phase near 3±0.5 GPa. The latter is the Cmcm phase which is the equilibrium structure at high pressures. These high pressure phases do not revert back to its initial structure after release of pressure. Irreversibility of these transformations indicates that FeO₄ tetrahedra do not regain their initial coordination. These high pressure transitions can be rationalized in terms of the three level free energy diagram for such systems.     

Dynamic range and asymmetry of the auditory filter

This experiment was designed to measure the shape and asymmetry of the auditory filter over a wider dynamic range than has been measured previously. Thresholds were measured for 2-kHz sinusoidal signals in the presence of two 800-Hz-wide noise bands, one above and one below the signal frequency. The spectrum level of the noise was 45 dB (re: 20 muPa), and the noise bands were placed both symmetrically and asymmetrically about the signal frequency. The deviation of the signal frequency from the nearer edge of each noise band varied from 0 to 0.8 times the signal frequency. Each ear of six subjects was tested, and the subjects' ages ranged from 22 to 74 years. The auditory filters derived from the data were somewhat asymmetric, with steeper slopes on the high-frequency side; the degree of asymmetry varied across subjects. The asymmetry could be characterized as a uniform stretching of the (linear) frequency scale on one side of the filter. The dynamic range of the auditory filter exceeded 60 dB in the younger listeners, but the dynamic range and sharpness of the filter tended to decrease with increasing age.     

基于小波变换和维纳滤波的半导体器件1/f噪声滤波

针对半导体器件中普遍存在的1/f噪声提出了一种结合了提升小波变换和维纳滤波器的处理方法.首先利用重新加权迭代最小二乘法拟合1/f噪声的功率谱曲线得到噪声参数的估计,从而选择恰当的小波.其次,对包含了1/f噪声的信号进行提升小波变换.考虑到小波变换对1/f噪声的白化作用,利用维纳滤波器对每一层小波系数进行处理.设计了最优全通滤波器以校正维纳滤波器的相频特性,使得小波系数经滤波后相位不变.最后利用提升小波逆变换获得被1/f噪声淹没的信号.利用实验检验了提出方法的有效性,实验数据采自用于微创外科手术机器人的力传感器.结果表明提出的方法能够有效抑制1/f噪声,并使传感器的分辨力提高了25%. 关键词： 半导体器件 f噪声')" href="#">1/f噪声 提升小波变换 维纳滤波     

Mechanism of Cu transport along clean Si surfaces

Cu diffusion along clean Si(111), (110) and (100) surfaces are investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. The effective diffusion coefficients of copper are measured in the temperature range from 500 to 650°C. It is shown that the Cu transport along silicon surface occurs by the diffusion of Cu atoms through Si bulk and the segregation of Cu atoms to the surface during the diffusion process. It is found that the segregation coefficients of Cu to silicon surface during the diffusion process depend on surface orientation.     

Comparison of auditory filter shapes derived with three different maskers

Auditory filter shapes were derived for three different masker types, by measuring threshold for a 1-kHz sinusoidal signal masked by: (a) a noise with a spectral notch of variable width; (b) two tones with variable frequency separation; and (c) a noise with a sinusoidally rippled spectrum with variable ripple density. In each case the masker spectrum was symmetric about the signal frequency, the signal level was fixed, and the masker level was varied to determine threshold using an adaptive, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure. Both simultaneous and forward masking were used. The auditory filter shapes derived from the data were broader in simultaneous masking than in forward masking for all three masker types. In simultaneous masking the derived filters were similar for the three masker types, although there was a tendency for the filters derived from the rippled-noise data to be broader than those for the other maskers. In forward masking the auditory filters derived from the data for three masker types differed considerably in bandwidth and the slope of the filter skirts, and in that a portion of the rippled-noise filter was negative valued. The results are consistent with the idea that suppression has the effect of enhancing frequency selectivity, and that this effect is revealed in forward but not in simultaneous masking. However, the degree and nature of the enhancement differs for different masker types.     

奇异值分解滤波器在超声造影成像的应用及性能分析*

信噪比和造影-组织残留比是衡量造影性能的主要指标,现有提升方法多从频域入手,存在两个缺陷:噪声、组织残留与造影剂信号存在频带重叠时(如二次谐波),频域滤波性能受限;虽然非线性基波、次谐波等方法可解决频带重叠问题,但面对前端电路非对称性及信号饱和导致的组织残留,仍难在频域进行滤除。奇异值分解滤波器是一种非频域方法,可将接收信号分解成若干空时域子空间,通过对子空间进行保留及重组,可提取微泡且滤除噪声与组织残留。该文研究了该类滤波器在造影成像的应用,并采用性能分析实验论证了其可行性与优越性。     

Rate coding model for discrimination of simple tones in the presence of noise

The predictions of a rate coding model for frequency and amplitude jnd's in the presence of noise are presented for a 1-kHz, 100-ms tone. The model for the neural response incorporates physiological data on dynamic range distribution and rate suppression. A central processor is assumed to estimate the tone frequency, or amplitude, from the tone-evoked rate increment profile. This central processor acts like an ideal detector with respect to the neural noise. The effects of the neural noise as well as the signal variability on the discrimination performance level are evaluated, and the signal variability is found to be significant. The combined effect of threshold distribution, rate suppression, and signal variability make the jnd's practically invariant with noise level, in accordance with published psychophysical data. The values of the frequency jnd at high signal-to-noise ratio, however, are borderline in their consistency with the data. A more obvious discrepancy exists between the model and the psychophysical data regarding the ratio of frequency to amplitude Weber fractions, which can be resolved only by modifying the model auditory filters to be five times sharper than those measured in cats.     

Measured mixer noise temperature and conversion loss of a cryogenic Schottky diode mixer near 800 GHz

We accurately measured the noise temperature and conversion loss of a cryogenically cooled Schottky diode operating near 800 GHz, using the UCB/MPE Submillimeter Receiver at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The receiver temperature was in the range of the best we now routinely measure, 3150 K (DSB). Without correcting for optical loss or IF mismatch, the raw measurements set upper limits ofT _M=2850 K andL _M=9.1 dB (DSB), constant over at least a 1 GHz IF band centered at 6.4 GHz with an LO frequency of 803 GHz. Correction for estimated optical coupling and mismatch effects yieldsT _M=1600 K andL _M=5.5 dB (DSB) for the mixer diode itself. These values indicate that our receiver noise temperature is dominated by the corner cube antenna's optical efficiency and by mixer noise, but not by conversion loss or IF mismatch. The small fractional IF bandwidth, measured mixer IF band flatness from 2 to 8 GHz, and similarly good receiver temperatures at other IF frequencies imply that these values are representative over a range of frequencies near 800 GHz.     

光学平台微角振动激光探测方法研究

 设计了精密动态测角实验系统，该系统利用扩束镜正向和逆向不同的光学变换性质，将共孔径双向传输的倍增式角敏光学系统与光电精密位置传感器（PSD）相结合，并从理论上分析了高灵敏光学测角的基本原理，给出了被测角与传感器信号的关系。为消除光电噪声对探测分辨率的影响，信号处理引入了相关检测模式。通过压缩系统噪声信号的等效带宽，从频域中滤除干扰信号的频率成分，实现了从噪声中提取高分辨角度信息。     

A 345 GHZ heterodyne receiver for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

In this paper we describe the design and performance of a low-noise 345 GHz heterodyne receiver. The mixer uses a lead alloy SIS tunnel junction mounted in reduced height rectangular waveguide and is tuned with a single backshort. Local oscillator power is provided by a broad-band Gunn oscillator which drives a frequency quadrupler. The heterodyne performance has been verified in the laboratory using a gas absorption cell. In November 1991 this receiver was successfully commissioned and by direct comparison with a Schottky diode receiver we confirm a best receiver noise temperature of 150K (DSB) at 355 GHz and a tuning range of 300 to 380 GHz. The receiver is now available as a JCMT facility instrument.     

Improvement of Spectral Editing in Solids: A Sequence for Obtaining CH + CH2-Only C Spectra

An improved spectral editing method for solids is described which allows one to obtain a set of subspectra in roughly two-thirds the amount of time as our original CPPI editing method for the same signal to noise. This improvement is afforded by a new pulse sequence that is used to acquire a ¹³CH + ¹³CH₂ spectrum which has very little ¹³CH₃ or nonprotonated carbon contamination. By using this new sequence the ¹³CH-only subspectrum is obtained much more efficiently. Criteria for optimizing the signal to noise in the edited subspectra are discussed.     

基于FFT奇异值分解的光谱信号去噪算法

微型光谱仪在采集光谱信号过程中,光谱数据经常受到来自仪器光学系统和电子电路中的干扰出现噪声和光源特征峰,严重干扰了真实光谱信号的图谱特征,因此需要使用合理的预处理方法保留光谱信号中有用信号并尽可能过滤噪声信号同时将光源特征峰滤除,从而提高光谱信息定量分析的稳健性和准确性。并且在线检测系统要求尽可能减少人为参数选择对去噪效果的影响,奇异值分解经常应用于由系统电路引起的噪声去噪,奇异值降噪阶次的选取对提高信号信噪比十分关键,但是往往参数选取主要依赖经验调试和实验验证。因此,提出了一种基于奇异值重构信号分量频率的光谱信号去噪算法。该算法首先重构原始光谱信号单个奇异值分量信号,然后对每个奇异值分量信号作快速傅里叶变换,得到每个奇异值分量信号快速傅里叶变换结果中振幅最大所对应的频率值,最后按照奇异值递减方式对相应分量信号频率值进行一阶滞后差分,得到频率差分谱,研究表明,差分谱第一个谱峰值在大于设定阈值处所对应的奇异值即为奇异值分解降噪的有效阶次。结果表明：对包含多种重金属离子的溶液在线测量的紫外可见光谱信号,添加不同强度的随机噪声,并进行去噪处理,使用信噪比和均方根误差两个性能指标进行对比。所提算法相较于SG滤波算法和小波变换去噪算法信噪比分别提高了22.05%,10.88%,均方根误差分别降低了74.28%,41.29%。所提算法完全基于数据驱动,在处理真实紫外可见光谱信号中不仅抑制了噪声影响,而且将微型光谱仪的光源特征峰有效滤除,在紫外可见光谱信号的定量分析中具有较好的应用前景。