管外包覆多孔介质强化换热的数值研究

本文对管外包覆多孔介质的无限长圆管绕流的流场和温度场进行数值模拟,研究了多孔介质层的无量纲厚度ep,达西数D_a以及雷诺数Re对流动和强制对流换热特性的影响。研究结果表明,管外包覆多孔介质后的强制对流换热效果明显强于光管条件下的效果,换热增强了2.8~5.4倍;壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随e_p和Re的增大而增大,随Da的增大而减小;管壁处的流动阻力系数C_D随ep的增大而增大,随D_a的减小,先增大后减小,当Da小于1×10~(-5)时,阻力系数保持不变。     

椭圆管内层流结冰的数值研究

为预防椭圆管换热器等设备内部结冰甚至堵塞,本文采用流体计算软件fluent建立了三维椭圆管内流动换热模型,研究了一定热边界条件下椭圆管内层流流体的结冰规律.通过对不同工况的模拟分析,得到了流体在管内不同位置的结冰规律以及进口温度、进口Re数、长短轴之比对冰层厚度以及管内换热产生的影响,结果表明:椭圆管截面内,不同径向位置的冰层厚度不同;沿轴向管内冰层厚度逐渐增加,压力损失增大,局部Nu逐渐减小;Re数减小,进口水温降低,都会使管内各处冰层厚度增大,从而增加了管道堵塞的危险.而长短轴比例增大时,长短轴方向冰层变化趋势相反.     

局部热壁面多孔介质方腔内自然对流的数值研究

本文对上下壁面绝热、左侧壁面长度为b的嵌装加热器部分维持恒定温度T_h而剩余部分绝热,且右侧壁面维持恒定温度T_c的多孔介质方腔内的自然对流换热进行了数值研究.在热壁面无量纲长度B=0.5(B=b/L)的条件下,综合研究了左侧壁面受热部分中心距上壁面的无量纲长度D(D=d/L)、Da数、Ra数和孔隙率对腔体内自然对流换热的影响.数值计算结果表明,左侧壁面受热部分位置的不同对腔体内自然对流换热有很大的影响,D在0.6附近取值时,Na数最大.Da数、Ra数对腔体的自然对流换热影响较大,而孔隙率对换热的影响较小.     

强化辐射换热涂层的性能研究

本文以实验研究与数值模拟相结合的方式,对喷涂了不同厚度的两种不同涂料的一系列CPU散热片进行了自然对流条件下的辐射强化换热研究,以测试这两种涂料的辐射强化换热性能,并找出其强化辐射换热的相关规律.实验与数值模拟的结果表明,这两种涂料的确能够强化辐射换热;散热片散热热阻在有适当厚度涂层时比无涂层时减少了10%左右;在相同热载荷及边界温度条件下,散热片温度在有涂层时比无涂层时降低多达4℃;对于同种涂料,涂层厚度越薄强化散热能力越强;对于相同厚度的涂层,涂料导热率越大其辐射散热能力越强.     

采用多孔介质和肋片复合传热强化的数值研究

本文采用数值计算方法分析了圆管中填充多孔介质和肋片时在充分发展段的流动与传热特性.结果表明,在管内部分填充多孔介质的情况下增加适量的不连续肋片能达到如下两个目的:(1)不连续的肋片能在壁面上扰动流体来强化换热而阻力增加不大;(2)不连续的肋片能在壁面上支撑多孔介质使其在径向固定.计算结果表明,这种复合强化方法的Nu和PEC值比只在管内填充多孔介质时平均高出54%和36%.     

多纵向涡对管内湍流换热特性影响的数值分析

对多纵向涡对管内湍流换热和流阻特性进行了数值分析。结果表明,多纵向涡可明显强化管内湍流换热,其流阻增加与换热增强相当。在计算范围内管内湍流换热时纵向涡对越多强化效果越好,多纵向涡的尺度应与热边界层厚度相当。同时,管内多纵向涡沿轴向还具有不易衰减的特性,这为多纵向涡的应用提供了方便。     

含油R134a水平强化管外池沸腾换热实验研究

本文对含Solest-120冷冻油的R134a,在饱和温度为5℃和10℃工况下,在水平高效强化管(管E21.为C3型管,管E22为A1型管)管外池沸腾换热进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:与相同管径的光管的换热性能相比,强化管E21、E22的管内传热系数强化倍率分别为3.703和3.035。随着含油浓度的增加,管外池沸腾换热效果得到优化,含油率为1.0×10~(-4)时的管外传热系数比含油5.0×10~(-5)时更高,在实验研究的水流速范围内,在蒸发温度为5℃时增加了3.7%～7.2%,而在蒸发温度为10℃时增加了0.8%～10.9%。从含油R134a的黏度、表面张力等的角度,对含油率高时换热系数大的结论进行了必要的物理解释。研究对开发设计蒸发器有一定实际的指导意义。     

花丝内插物强化竖直管内凝结换热的实验研究

1前言大空隙率多孔体管内插物-绕花丝内插物，被认为是强化管内凝结换热的最有效途径之一[1]．但以往的研究，由于实验雷诺数范围较小，蒸汽速度较低，要正确全面评价其性能尚显不够。本文在原有工作的基础上，进一步完善了实验系统，改进了测试手段，扩大了实验雷诺数范围，并测试了其阻力性能，对花丝内插物强化管内凝结换热进行了较深入全面的实验研究，以全面评价花丝内插物对管内凝结换热的强化效果。2实验系统本文实验系统如图1所示。实验段是一个竖直套管冷凝器，如图2所示．本试验研究蒸汽完全凝结时的传热。凝结水流量采用容积法计…     

倾斜多孔介质方腔内纳米流体自然对流的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

利用格子玻尔兹曼方法 (lattice Boltzmann method, LBM) 对倾斜多孔介质方腔内 Al_2O_3-H_2O 纳米流体的自然对流进行数值模拟, 考虑了孔隙率 (0.3 ≤?≤ 0.9)、瑞利数 (10~3 ≤ Ra ≤ 10~6)、纳米颗粒体积分数(0 ≤ ? ≤ 0.04) 和倾斜角 (0°≤γ≤ 120°) 等因素的影响, 研究了正弦温度分布边界条件下倾斜多孔介质方腔内纳米流体的自然对流传热机理. 结果表明: 若?和γ保持不变时, 随着 Ra 数的增大, 热壁面处的平均努塞尔数 (Nu_(ave) 数) 呈现出先减小后增大的趋势; 对于给定的 Ra 数, 当γ = 0°时, 随着孔隙率的增大, 热壁面处Nu_(ave) 数逐渐增大, 当γ = 40°, 80°和 120°时, Nuave 数在?= 0.7 左右时达到最大值; 若?和 Ra 数保持不变, 当γ = 40°时, 方腔内的自然对流换热效率最强, 当γ = 80°时热壁面自然对流换热效率被削弱. 最后, 研究了纳米颗粒体积份数的影响, 当方腔施加一定倾角时, 热壁面处的 Nuave 数随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增大而增大.     

多孔涂层横向抽吸效应强化膜状凝结换热的研究

研究多孔涂层界面抽吸效应对强化膜状凝结换热的影响。考察了多孔涂层的特性参数对凝液膜厚度和换热系数的影响。与Nusselt理论预示值对照表明,多孔涂层界面抽吸效应是强化膜状凝结换热的重要因素。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.