紫外激光等选育生淀粉糖化酶高产菌株及其应用

以紫外线、LiCl、5-氟尿嘧啶、HNO2为诱变剂,黑曲霉Sx为出发菌株,选育出生淀粉糖化酶酶活力提高12%的突变株黑曲霉S′x.制取黑曲霉S′x的原生质体,用He-Ne激光照射,经反复筛选得到突变株黑曲霉Sy,其酶活力较出发菌株提高51%,而酸性蛋白酶活力降低45%.并对其在农作物秸杆的应用进行了研究.     

紫外、氦氖激光等复合诱变产果胶酶细菌ZH1的研究

ZH₁菌株是从自然界分离筛选而来的,该菌株产果胶酶的最适pH为7.0;最适温度33℃;培养36h达产酶高峰,酶活力为73.5μ/mL,将ZH₁作为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变、硫酸二乙酯诱变,亚硝基胍和紫外线复合诱变及氦氖激光等多次反复诱变,选育得到一株产果胶酶性稳定且酶活明显提高的突变株ZHg,其酶活为301m/mL,比出发菌株ZH₁产果胶酶能力提高3.1倍.     

重离子辐照结合α-纤维素适应性进化提高黑曲霉真菌纤维素酶活性研究

为获得可有效降解植物细胞壁中纤维素的高产纤维素酶菌株,将具有安全可靠、不产生毒素、生长速度快且发酵周期短等优势的黑曲霉作为出发菌株。利用重离子12C6+束流按照0 , 40 , 70 , 100 , 130 , 160, 190 Gy的辐照剂量对黑曲霉原始菌株进行辐照,经平板初筛后得到两株优良菌株;然后添加α-纤维素进行了8周自适应性进化,通过连续5代发酵该菌株生长性能稳定;将得到的每代菌株进行胞内蛋白分子量的对比,得到一株最优菌株CJH-JWSFZh-W122,将其摇瓶发酵测定纤维素酶活性,其产纤维素酶的滤纸酶活(FPA)到了223.5 U/mL,内切葡聚糖酶活(CMC)达到了440.8 U/mL,分别比原始菌株提高了6.07%和8.01%。突变株在连续5代发酵后仍保持了良好的发酵性能。对突变菌株CJH-JWSFZh-W122和原始菌株进行了RAPD分析和SDS-PAGE电泳分析,证实了该菌株存在基因突变。     

He-Ne激光选育高木质素降解率的白腐真菌Lx

用He-Ne激光对一株木质素降解活性较高的白腐真菌L₁进行选育.将该菌的菌丝体和原生质体多次照射诱变,结果得出:在波长632.5nm,用功率为6mW和7mW照射该菌的菌丝体,选育出的菌株L₆和L₇木质素降解率可达38.1%和39.88%,比出发菌株L₁提高了33%和39%.用功率9mW的He-Ne激光辐照原生质体,照射20min时,原生质体致死率已达100%.在照射时间为10min时,选育出一株木质素降解率达43.03%的菌株L_x,比出发菌株L₁提高了50%.同工酶分析显示该菌株发生了稳定的遗传突变.     

He-Ne激光诱变黑曲霉Sx的原生质体

对生淀粉糖化菌黑曲霉Sx用混和酶制取原生质体进行了探索.在GM培养基中加入一定量的Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺,原生质体产量较高;采用pH4～5的蜗牛酶、纤维素酶、溶菌酶的混合酶,最佳浓度比为:1.5:3.5:1.5(mg/mL).取在GM培养基中培养17～18h的菌丝,在32℃酶解3h,原生质体产量最高,达到2.4×10⁵个/mL;在加入β-巯基乙醇及二硫苏糖醇处理菌丝时,原生质体产量提高近3倍.在再生培养基中,加入终浓度为30mmol/LMgSO₄时,原生质体再生率由16.7%提高到25.6%.用He-Ne激光照射原生质体时,功率9mW照射30min时致死率为50%,随着时间的延长,原生质体存活率降低.采用波长632.5nm、功率9mW、光斑直径5mm的He-Ne激光多次照射诱变,筛选出一株酶活力最高菌株黑曲霉Sy,活力提高51%,经连续传代5次,酶活力稳定.     

氦-氖激光诱变细菌细胞及原生质体选育果胶酶高产菌株

利用氦-氖激光(波长632.8nm,功率15mW)诱变果胶酶产生菌的菌体细胞,获得了突变株ZH-g,其酶活达到301 u·mL－1,是出发菌株的1.3倍.进一步用氦-氖激光照射ZH-g的原生质体,从而得到了高产突变株ZH-gA,其酶活达到357 u·mL－1,比ZH-g提高了18%,是出发菌株的1.6倍.该菌株在好氧和静置条件下均能良好产酶,经传代实验证明其产酶性能稳定.     

He-Ne激光对产ALDC地衣芽孢杆菌的诱变效应

采用He-Ne激光(波长632.8mm,功率9mW)对一株产α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶为1.22IU/mL的地衣芽孢杆菌H-5,分别以10min、20min、30min、40min进行照射处理,结果表明,10min照射对H-5菌的芽孢萌发有激活作用,促进其生长速度;20min和30min照射对H-5菌株的产酶力有明显的影响,筛选出三株比出发菌株产酶力提高2倍以上,且对啤酒发酵中双乙酰降解作用明显的变异菌株,其中L-20’₆菌株经传代培养及酯酶同工酶分析,证明发生了稳定的遗传变异.40min照射对H-5的生长和产酶力有限制作用.     

针状纳米MnxNi0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4的共沉淀法制备及表征

通过在碱液中共沉淀Mn²⁺、Ni²⁺和Fe²⁺后制备了棒状的前躯体,前躯体于不同温度煅烧后制得了Mn_xNi_0:5-xZn_0:5Fe₂O₄棒状体. 利用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对棒状体的物相、形貌及粒径进行了表征,并利用振动样品磁强计对磁性能进行研究. 结果表明长径比大于15的棒状,随着x值的增加,Mn_xNi_0:5-xZn_0:5Fe₂O₄样品的直径增加,长度下降,长径比变小,当x=0.5时其直径在50 nm左右而长径比减小到7～8. 随着x值的增加,样品的矫顽力先增加后减少,x值达到0.4时样品的矫顽力再次增加,当煅烧温度为600 oC,x=0.5时样品的矫顽力最大为134.3 Oe. 饱和磁化强度随着x值的增加先增加后减少,当煅烧温度为800 oC和x=0.2时达到最大为68.5 Oe.     

激光诱变选育面包酵母菌的研究

采用He-Ne激光对面包酵母菌进行诱变处理,筛选到3株低糖面团起发活力大幅度提高的菌株XD198、XD193和XD174,其低糖面团起发活力比出发菌株分别提高31.3%、32.7%和35.3%.海藻糖含量分别较出发菌株提高-1.37%、10.83%、5.10%.而且筛选到的高活力菌株遗传性能稳定.证明激光诱变效果明显,是进行面包酵母菌种选育的理想方法之一.     

激光诱变选育果胶酶高产菌株

采用Ar⁺、He-Ne、LD、YAP等激光辐照果胶酶产生菌,不同波长激光辐照均获高酶活菌株,其中从LD激光与He-Ne激光辐照组中选育出酶活达6×10⁴单位/g的高产菌株(比对照组提高122%),并稳定地应用于生产.文中从黑曲霉抱子与DNA的吸收光谱以及电镜观察黑曲霉抱子的结果出发,对激光诱变机制进行了初步探讨.     

He-Ne激光、紫外线诱变氧化亚铁硫杆菌及耐砷菌株的选育

对适合氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacilus ferrooxidans)特点的诱变方法进行了研究:把菌体制成无铁细胞悬液进行小剂量、多次数的诱变.氧化亚铁硫杆菌菌株S₁经多次紫外线和激光照射,并结合逐级驯化处理,最终选育出了优良耐砷菌株S_x,它能在含11g/LA_s2O₃的环境中生长,比出发菌株的0.7g/L提高了近14.7倍.在用该菌株进行浸矿的实验结果表明:浸矿能力良好,在同样是10%接种量时,浸出时间比出发菌缩短了一天,并且砷元素的浸出率由原先的76%提高至85.7%.     

Preparation of highly dispersed MgO and its bactericidal properties

Samples of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by a method involving separate nucleation and aging steps recently developed in our laboratory, using varying [ Mg²⁺] /[ Al³⁺] ratios and different aging conditions. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy and laser granulometry. The results showed that LDHs with different particle sizes could be obtained by controlling the reaction temperature and degree of supersaturation. Calcination of these materials affords mixtures of highly dispersed MgO and mixed metal oxides. Bactericidal experiments against Bacillus subtilis var. niger and Staphylococcus aureus were carried out using materials formed by calcination of the LDHs at 500 ^○C. The mechanism of bactericidal activity was also investigated. It is known that MgO is very readily hydrated and that reaction with dissolved oxygen affords superoxide anions O₂^-, which attack the secondary amide structure of proteins leading to destruction of the bacteria. The bactericidal activity of the MgO increases with specific surface area because this leads to an increased number of surface hydroxyl groups and higher concentrations of O₂^- in solution. The bactericidal ability of MgO therefore increases with decreasing particle size.     

Magnetic field effects on electron transfer reactions involving sextet-spin (S = 5/2) intermediates generated on photoexcitation of a Cr(III)-porphyrin complex

The excited trip-sextet (⁶T₁) state of chloro-(3-methylimidazol)-(meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato) chromium(III) (Cr^IIIP) is quenched by 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (BV²⁺) in acetonitrile through electron transfer to give ⁵(Cr^IIIP^·+) and ²BV^·+. The intermediate is a geminate ion pair in the sextet (Sx) state ⁶[⁵(Cr^IIIP^·+) ²BV^·+], which decays through either the escape from a solvent cage to give the free ions or the spin conversion to the quartet (Qa) state followed by back electron transfer. The free ion yield (Φ_FI) increased with increasing magnetic field from 0 to 4 T and then slightly decreased from 4 T to 10 T. These magnetic field effects are explained as follows. Under low fields where the Zeeman splitting of the spin sublevels is lower than or comparable with the electron spin dipole—dipole interaction within ⁵(Cr^IIIP^·+), this interaction effectively induces the Sx → Qa conversion of [⁵(Cr^IIIP^·+)²BV⁺] to result in low Φ_FI values. Under high fields where the Zeeman splitting is larger than the dipole—dipole interaction, the Sx → Qa conversion is decreased with increasing field to cause higher Φ_FI values. The slight decrease in Φ_FI above 4 T may be due to the Δg mechanism.     

Production of 13C Labelled Pea Flour for Use in Human Digestion and Fermentation Studies

Abstract

Stable isotope breath tests offer a new approach to the study of digestion and fermentation of carbohydrates in man. In this study, ¹³C labelled peas were grown by pulsing 250ml ¹³CO₂ into a sealed growth chamber. A second pulse was added to a portion of the peas to increase the ¹³C enrichment. This generated pea flour with an enrichment of 2.36 at.% excess (range 2.09–2.71 n = 3) and 8.64 atom % excess (range 7.37–9.78 n = 3) respectively. This represented incorporation of an absolute yield of 3.8% of the ¹³CO₂ into peas in the ‘once-labelled’ treatment and 7.5% in the ‘twice-labelled’ treatment. Ingestion of a mixture of the labelled pea flour (300 mg) by two volunteers generated measurable ¹³CO₂ excretion for breath test analysis. The profile of breath ¹³CO₂ enrichment increased to a maximum within three hours after consuming the pea flour followed by a decrease almost back to baseline by 13 hours. Breath ¹³CO₂ appeared to rise again after this apparent nadir at 13 hours until the end of the sampling period. Mathematical analysis of the data suggested that two peaks best described the profile of breath ¹³CO₂ up to 13 hours. A third peak was necessary to describe the late rise in breath ¹³CO₂ enrichment. This use of ¹³C enriched pea flour may provide a useful non invasive method for measurement of digestion and fermentation in vivo.     

SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF [CuCl(L-PROLINATO)(H2O)]

ABSTRACT

[CuCl(L-Prolinato)(H₂O)] was prepared. Its electronic absorption spectrum and photoacoustic spectrum were recorded at the room temperature. A semi-empirical method of ligand-field-theory PLFT was utilized to calculate the d-d transition energy. According to the results, the spectrum was explained satisfactorily.     

多晶Mn1-xCux(0.1≤x≤0.3)合金的磁诱发应变

采用X射线衍射分析、显微形貌观察、差示扫描量热法、标准电阻应变计法等实验方法,研究了室温下多晶Mn_1-xCu_x(0.1≤x≤0.3,原子分数)合金在低磁场中的磁诱发应变性能.结果表明,Mn_1-xCu_x合金经过长时间的固溶处理,在冷却过程中会出现fcc(γ)→fct(γ’)马氏体相变,形成(γ+γ 关键词： 磁诱发应变 MnCu合金 马氏体相变     

锑钾铯光电阴极的理论与实验研究

提出了P型K₂CsSb+本征Cs₃Sb的结构模型。对制备Sb-K-Cs光电阴极的工艺进行了研究。获得了190μA/lm的积分灵敏度,其长波阈达到8600Å。