亚波长光栅的偏振闪耀特性

 使用琼斯矩阵的方法推导了连续结构亚波长光栅的衍射方程,给出了光栅衍射效率表达式,对偏振特性与衍射特性进行了研究。发现连续结构亚波长光栅仅存在３个衍射级,总衍射效率为100%,且衍射效率可在衍射级间任意分配,0级的偏振态与入射光的偏振态相同,±1级衍射光偏振态与入射光无关,－1级为左旋圆偏振光,＋1级为右旋圆偏振光。通过设置入射光偏振态与光栅相位延迟等参数,可使光栅具有闪耀特性,据此可用于设计高效偏振光分束器和偏振光开关。     

高效全偏振矩形闪耀光栅的设计(英文)

入射光在光栅内传输时将激发产生离散模.本文采用模态法调节光栅内离散模的传输特性,使TE和TM偏振光所激发的0、1模为传输模,其余高阶模为消逝模.通过调控0模和1模间的累积相位差,对衍射光进行调控,实现了-1级近100%的高效衍射.采用模态法分三部设计了共振域的矩形全偏振闪耀光栅:1)根据光栅的共振条件给出光栅周期,光栅周期越大槽深越小;2)根据特征模方程计算出光栅占空比;3)根据耦合模条件计算机光栅槽深.实验结果表明,该光栅的TE和TM偏振光同时具备近100%的-1级衍射效率.给出了633nm波长-1级矩形石英全偏振闪耀光栅的典型设计实例,计算结果表明:所设计的全偏振闪耀光栅对TE和TM偏振入射光的-1级衍射效率分别高达96.7%和98.1%,且具有较宽的入射角及入射波长的变化适应范围,较大的制作容差.     

偏振敏感材料中具有圆各向异性的偏振全息光栅

在向列相液晶中掺杂质量分数约0.2%的偶氮侧链型聚合物制成偏振敏感材料,使用正交圆偏振光记录了具有圆各向异性的一维偏振全息光栅,用线偏振光探测偏振全息光栅,得到正,负一级衍射光也为线偏振光,且偏振态与探测光和零级偏振态相互正交,可以运用琼斯矩阵理论加以解释.偏振全息光栅可由外加电场控制衍射级的变化,即在外加电场作用下,正、负一级衍射产生了90°的相位差.在频率6.05 Hz、电压2.2 V的外场作用下,衍射级的极值振荡变化.     

用多级台阶量化相位光栅分离偏振光

构造了三角形轮廓多级台阶量化相位光栅模型,用傅里叶光学方法详细推导了光栅衍射场强的解析表达式。分析了这种光栅对偏振光的分离和聚焦特性,并优化设计了两个光栅。数值模拟和分析表明,模型光栅能够将o光和e光分离任意距离,并分别在指定的方向上聚焦。计算结果显示,取8～16个量化级就可以得到较大的衍射效率,两偏振光的能量比较均衡,偏振性能较好;量化级数的进一步增加只是衍射效率有所增加,并不能提高偏振性能。     

高密度相位光栅的偏振选择性

高密度光栅具有与传统光栅不同的性质,其衍射特性往往是偏振相关的。本文针对1550nm波长TE/TM偏振入射光和0.5的光栅占空比,利用严格耦合波分析数值计算了不同光栅周期下0级及-1级的衍射效率。研究表明,相比周期为1550nm的光栅,当周期为1200nm时,偏振相关衍射效应明显增强,当光栅周期为890nm时,TE偏振光的衍射效率随着光栅深度呈正余弦变化,而TM偏振光的衍射效率始终集中在0级,具有偏振选择性。通过模式方法,利用模式中的有效折射率概念,研究了不同周期下被入射光所激发的两种光波模式通过光栅区域传播所累积的相位差;基于双光束干涉,模拟了0级和-1级的衍射效率。结果表明,利用严格耦合波分析的数值计算结果符合模式方法的理论预期,对于高密度相位光栅的偏振选择性给予了合理的物理机制解释。     

一维TiO2亚波长光栅的衍射异常现象及其结构设计

研究了一维TiO₂亚波长光栅（SWG）的衍射异常现象,具体表现为泄漏模共振效应和瑞利异常。研究表明,一定参数条件下的横磁波（TM偏振）和横电波（TE偏振）入射均会出现瑞利异常和泄漏模共振效应。在TM偏振光情况下,会出现传统的窄带、高衍射效率泄漏模共振效应,而在TE偏振光情况下,由于多个接近的泄漏模共振峰相互叠加,故会形成宽带、高衍射效率的反射谱。采用严格耦合波理论计算了一维TiO₂ SWG的衍射效率,研究了光栅周期、高度和占空比对光栅反射率的影响。当光栅周期为0.49μm,高度为0.25μm,占空比为0.34时,SWG具有TE偏振选择性,在0.52μm波段处的反射率接近1,且高反带（反射率达到99.9%以上）宽度为26 nm。优化各结构参数,得到光栅周期、占空比、高度的制作容差分别为1.6%、8.3%、2.0%,故SWG理论上可以作为垂直腔面发射激光器的反射镜。     

基于亚波长偏振光栅的偏振光分束器设计

利用琼斯矩阵和矢量傅里叶系数方法分析了二元亚波长偏振光栅的偏振特性和衍射效率,并给出了相应的数学解析式.研究发现,通过入射光的偏振可以控制不同衍射输出级的偏振态,且0级输入偏振态与输出偏振态始终相同,而其它级次除线偏光外都与入射偏振态相反.当二元亚波长偏振光栅的位相延迟分别设置为0.62π和π时,可以将二元亚波长偏振光栅设计为1→3或1→2的偏振光分束器,且分束器具有衍射效率高、宽带宽、对入射角的变化不甚敏感的特点.     

偶氮苯聚合物全息光栅衍射效率和偏振特性研究

研究了不同偏振全息模式下基于交联偶氮苯聚合物薄膜的相位光栅的形成机理、衍射效率和偏振特性.利用琼斯矢量表征了正交线偏振(SP)和半行线偏振(SS)干涉模式下的偏振干涉场.基于SP和SS两种模式,制作了无明显表成起伏的纯折射率光栅和有表面起伏的浮雕光栅.偏光显微镜(POM)观测说明纯折射率光栅具有周期性的折射率分布;近场光学显微镜(SNOM)探测说明纯折射率光栅和浮雕光栅的表而起伏在5 nm以下和 85.23 nm.实验表明.当探测光为水平偏振时,纯折射率光栅的衍射效率达到22.2%.浮雕光栅只能达到1.65%.纯折射率光栅的0、 1级衍射光分别为水平和竖直线偏振光,偏振度达到0.9969和0.9963;浮雕光栅的0, 1级衍射光均为水平线偏振光.     

非对称偏振分束光栅的矢量衍射优化设计

基于严格耦合波理论分析了一种非对称偏振分束光栅的设计。这种偏振分束光栅分别在1级和0级衍射级次上衍射TE和TM偏振波。介绍了利用遗传算法设计偏振分束光栅的方法,并给出了优化实例。仿真结果表明:在设计波长为1.55时,TE偏振波在1级的衍射效率大于93%,TM偏振波在0级的衍射效率大于99%,此时1级和0级的透射消光比分别达到了9914.1和46841.5。通过对设计结果的分析发现,该偏振分束光栅在设计波长附近100nm的波长范围内都具有较高的消光比(大于100),达到了较好的偏振分束效果。     

C60掺杂向列相液晶中光栅衍射选择性的分析

利用琼斯矩阵(Jones matrix) 方法对C60掺杂向列相液晶中光栅衍射选择性进行分析.给出两束p 偏振光在液晶样品中产生相位全息光栅的透射矩阵,通过探测光的矢量和光栅透射矩阵的琼斯矩阵运算,可以探测衍射光束的偏振态与入射光偏振态的关系.分析发现对于p 偏振的探测光,透射光和正、负一阶衍射光的偏振态均为p 偏振,且正、负一阶衍射效率相同;对于s 偏振的探测光只有透射光存在,可见记录的相位光栅表现出光栅衍射的选择性.     

基于微面元理论的“猫眼”目标回波散射偏振特性研究

为了研究"猫眼"目标表面回波散射偏振特性,基于微面元理论建立了偏振双向反射分布函数模型,指出线偏振光在"猫眼"目标表面回波散射的偏振度与目标表面粗糙度、复折射率以及入射角、探测角有关。主要研究"猫眼"目标表面粗糙度对其回波散射偏振度的影响,利用Matlab仿真得到"猫眼"目标回波偏振度与目标表面粗糙度参数σ的关系曲线。选择经过不同砂纸打磨的硅片作为"猫眼"目标进行实验,当硅片表面均方根高度分别为0.067μm、0.554μm、0.726μm、1.651μm、1.893μm时,其表面回波散射偏振度的测量值依次为98.83%、98.16%、96.08%、94.91%、94.6%,表明"猫眼"目标回波散射的偏振度随其表面粗糙度的增大而减小。     

红外偏振成像对伪装目标的探测识别研究

针对目前普通光电成像系统对伪装目标的探测和识别概率较低的状况,提出伪装目标的探测识别新技术研究。介绍了红外偏振成像系统的原理、组成和特点,研制的中波/长波红外偏振成像装置,其波段范围为3 m ~5 m和8 m~12 m,线偏振度95%,消光比大于100∶1,给出了试验分析数据和偏振融合效果图。研究表明,采用红外偏振成像技术可以有效地实现对地面伪装目标的探测和识别。研究结果还可以扩展到对人工假目标、空中隐身目标等的探测和识别。     

Polarization-insensitive nonlinear optical loop mirror demultiplexer with twisted fiber

We experimentally demonstrate reduction of the polarization sensitivity of a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) from 5 to 0.5 dB by use of 550 m of twisted dispersion-shifted fiber with a twist rate of 8 turns/m (24 turns/beat length). The twisting of the fiber induces circular birefringence and equates the parallel-and the orthogonal-polarization nonlinear phase-shift terms. Experimental results show that the polarization sensitivity monotonically decreases from 5 dB for nontwisted fiber to 0.5 dB for fiber that is twisted at a rate of 8 turns/m, and the twist rate should be more than 4 turns/m (>10 turns/beat length) for emulation of circularly polarized fiber. The minimum polarization sensitivity occurs when the control-pulse polarization is aligned with one of the eigenmodes of the twisted fiber. With the fiber twisted at a rate of 8 turns/m in the NOLM, the nonlinear transmission is 23% at a switching energy of 4 pJ/pulse. Simulations confirm the observed behavior and show that the remaining polarization sensitivity results from energy transfer between orthogonal modes of the signal pulse.     

非共轴四通道偏振成像方法研究

针对当前偏振成像方法的实时性不好、能量利用率低以及分辨率不高等问题，提出了一种非共轴四通道偏振成像方法。该方法通过4个通道采集不同偏振方向的图像来融合计算偏振度图像。数值仿真分析了影响系统偏振成像结果的通道间距、通道平行度和偏振片检偏角度误差，得出了满足偏振成像精度达到1%的系统参数容限。在实验研究方面，研制出了非共轴四通道的偏振成像系统，并对室外距离约为50 m的车辆进行了实验。实验证明了该系统可以有效地对目标进行偏振成像。     

High-efficiency ultrasmall polarization converter in InP membrane

An ultrasmall (<10 μm length) polarization converter in InP membrane is fabricated and characterized. The device relies on the beating between the two eigenmodes of chemically etched triangular waveguides. Measurements show a very high polarization conversion efficiency of >99% with insertion losses of <-1.2 dB at a wavelength of 1.53?μm. Furthermore, our design is found to be broadband and tolerant to dimension variations.     

Optical pumping system design for large production of hyperpolarized

We present a design for a spin-exchange optical pumping system to produce large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe. Low xenon concentrations in the flowing gas mixture allow the laser to maintain high Rb polarization. The large spin-exchange rate between Rb and 129Xe through the long-lived van der Waals molecules at low pressure, combined with a high flow rate, results in large production rates of hyperpolarized xenon. We report a maximum polarization of 64% achieved for a 0.3 l/h Xe flow rate, and maximum magnetization output of 6 l/h at 22% polarization. Our findings regarding the polarization dependence on temperature, nitrogen partial pressure, and gas mixture flow velocity are also reported.     

混合应变多量子阱有源材料及其增益偏振特性

采用MOCVD外延交替生长了压应变、张应变In_xGa1-xAs_yP1-y多量子阱材料,对应1.3 μm波段.平均应变量-0.16%,周期11 nm.采用三个周期外延材料的芯片制作的LD,实现了TE和TM双偏振模激射.     

Compact polarization rotator on silicon for polarization-diversified circuits

We demonstrate a polarization rotator based on adiabatic mode evolution on silicon for polarization-diversified circuits. The rotator has a device length of 420?μm, a polarization-conversion efficiency of more than 90%, and an insertion loss less than 1?dB for a wavelength range of 80?nm. Combining the rotator with a compact, broadband polarization beam splitter based on cascaded directional couplers enhances the polarization conversion extinction ratio to over 30?dB with less than 1.5?dB total insertion loss over a 60?nm spectral range.     

Very-large-mode-area photonic bandgap Bragg fiber polarizing in a wide spectral range

A design of a polarizing all-glass Bragg fiber with a microstructure core has been proposed for the first time. This design provides suppression of high-order modes and of one of the polarization states of the fundamental mode. The polarizing fiber was fabricated by a new, simple method based on a combination of the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process and the rod-in-tube technique. The mode field area has been found to be about 870 μm2 near λ=1064 nm. The polarization extinction ratio better than 13 dB has been observed over a 33% wavelength range (from 1 to 1.4 μm) after propagation in a 1.7 m fiber piece bent to a radius of 70 cm.     

Switchable terahertz polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial

A switchable terahertz (THz) polarization converter based on vanadium dioxide (VO₂) metamaterial is proposed. It is a 5-layer structure which containing metal split-ring-resonator (SRR), the first polyimide (PI) spacer, VO₂ film, the second PI spacer, and metal grating. It is an array structure and the period in x and y directions is 100 μm. The performance is simulated by using finite integration technology. The simulation results show that, when the VO₂ is in insulating state, the device is a transmission polarization converter. The cross-linear polarization conversion can be realized in a broadband of 0.70 THz, and the polarization conversion rate (PCR) is higher than 99%. Under thermal stimulus, the VO₂ changes from insulating state to metallic state, and the device is a reflective polarization converter. The linear-to-circular polarization conversion can be successfully realized in a broadband of 0.50 THz, and the PCR is higher than 88%.