氧化锌纳米棒的生长过程研究

利用高分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和乙酸锌的配合物作为前驱体,在300 ℃温度下煅烧,并制备了氧化锌纳米棒。生成的产物用XRD,TEM,SAED等测试方法进行了表征。为了研究氧化锌纳米棒的生长过程,我们通过控制制备前驱体所需原料的比例不变,改变在300 ℃温度下煅烧的时间,分别为0.5, 3, 12和24 h,来观察生成产物的形貌特征。实验发现在110 ℃温度下干燥的前驱体中已经有氧化锌微晶生成;在300 ℃温度下煅烧0.5 h后就出现了明显的由几个纳米大小的微晶所组成的氧化锌纳米棒;煅烧3 h后的产物是结构非常完整的径直单晶ZnO纳米棒;12和24 h煅烧前驱体生成的ZnO纳米棒长度有所增加,ZnO的量基本保持不变。实验发现氧化锌的生长是沿着c轴方向,但是在横向也有生长方向。     

近后喷射对柴油机颗粒粒径分布的影响

试验研究了近后喷射对柴油机排放颗粒物粒径分布及数量浓度的影响,结合不同工况下的燃烧分析对近后喷射影响颗粒物排放特性的机理进行了阐释。重点分析了在发动机低负荷和中等负荷条件下,后喷间隔和后喷油量两个参数对颗粒物总数量排放的抑制或促进作用。研究发现,低后喷油量和大后喷间隔的后喷策略是减少颗粒物排放的最优化策略;近后喷射的应用仅在较高发动机负荷工况下有利于减少颗粒物总排放量,而在低负荷下,近后喷射只对核态颗粒有显著的抑制效果;近后喷射的引入降低了燃烧前期的缸内温度,提高了燃烧后期的温度,有利于促进颗粒物氧化,从而达到减少颗粒物排放的效果;这一燃烧特性也有利于减少NO_x的生成。     

二次风率对分级进风燃烧室内湍流燃烧与NOx生成的影响

本文在分级进风燃烧室的热态实验装置上,测量了燃烧室内湍流燃烧的温度场和组分浓度场,研究了分级进风的流量比率即二次风率对燃烧及NOx生成的影响.得到了四组不同二次风率下燃烧室内气体温度和O2、CO2、CO与NO浓度的分布.     

纳米CaO ∶ Eu3+的制备及发光性质

利用共沉淀法制备了纳米CaO : Eu³⁺发光粉体。并对不同掺杂浓度和不同煅烧温度下所制备的CaO : Eu³⁺粉体进行室温发光性质的研究。在室温下观测到CaO : Eu³⁺样品具有较强的Eu³⁺离子特征发射。通过对不同煅烧温度下样品发射谱的对比,发现样品在591 nm和610 nm处的发射峰积分强度比随着煅烧温度的升高而降低,说明在不同的煅烧温度下,Eu³⁺占据了两种不同的格位。对样品强发射峰进行监测,可观测到样品中的O^2-和Eu³⁺离子之间形成的电荷迁移态。通过对比不同掺杂浓度下Eu³⁺离子发射光谱,发现将Eu³⁺掺杂到CaO基质中的适宜浓度为4%。     

纳米晶ZrO2:Eu3+的制备及发光性质

利用共沉淀法制备了纳米晶ZrO2：Eu^3 发光粉体。室温下观测到Eu^3 离子的强特征发射,主发射分别在590,604nm处。观测到Eu^3 离子电荷迁移态,并与其他研究系统观测到的Eu^3 离子电荷迁移态基本相同。比较了不同掺杂比例和不同煅烧温度对Eu^3 离子特征发射的影响。其他条件相同掺杂比例不同时,当n(Eu^3 )：n(Zr^4 )为6％样品发射相对最强。而当掺杂比例相同改变煅烧温度时,600℃煅烧的样品发光较强。分析了Eu^3 离子对ZrO2晶相的稳定作用。铕掺杂的纳米晶二氧化锆样品,随着样品煅烧温度的升高,样品的晶相结构只发生了细微变化。而纯纳米晶二氧化锆在煅烧温度升高时晶相发生了明显的变化。说明Eu^3 离子起到了稳定ZrO2基质晶相的作用。研究发现二氧化锆掺铕样品有较高的浓度猝灭,发射较强且色纯度较好。     

不同制备因素对超细纳米氧化铝结构的影响

在不同条件下制备出１６个不同超细氧化铝样品,在相同仪器条件下利用ＸＲＤ进行物相分析,研究了分散介质,处理方法,温度及烧结时间等对超细纳米氧化铝晶形结构的影响。结果表明,用分散剂（ＯＰＴ）处理制得的Ｓ型超细氧化铝转晶温度较高,而不用（ＯＰＴ）处理的Ｃ型超细氧化铝在低温就可转变,转晶温度差约２００℃,同时,烧结温度越高,恒温时间越长,超细氧化铝向稳定晶形转变,晶体成份增加,相反,温度低,恒温时间短时,     

纳米晶ZrO_2∶Eu~(3+)的制备及发光性质

利用共沉淀法制备了纳米晶ZrO2∶Eu3+发光粉体。室温下观测到Eu3+离子的强特征发射,主发射分别在590, 604nm处。观测到Eu3+离子电荷迁移态,并与其他研究系统观测到的Eu3+离子电荷迁移态基本相同。比较了不同掺杂比例和不同煅烧温度对Eu3+离子特征发射的影响。其他条件相同掺杂比例不同时,当n(Eu3+ )∶n(Zr4+ )为6%样品发射相对最强。而当掺杂比例相同改变煅烧温度时, 600℃煅烧的样品发光较强。分析了Eu3+离子对ZrO2 晶相的稳定作用。铕掺杂的纳米晶二氧化锆样品,随着样品煅烧温度的升高,样品的晶相结构只发生了细微变化。而纯纳米晶二氧化锆在煅烧温度升高时晶相发生了明显的变化。说明Eu3+离子起到了稳定ZrO2 基质晶相的作用。研究发现二氧化锆掺铕样品有较高的浓度猝灭,发射较强且色纯度较好。     

低温低剂量率下金属-氧化物-半导体器件的辐照效应

对金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件在低剂量率γ射线辐照条件下的剂量率效应以及温度效应进行了研究.对不同剂量率、不同温度辐照后MOS器件的阈值电压漂移进行了比较.结果表明,低剂量率辐照下,感生界面态要受到辐照时间的长短以及生成的氢离子数目的影响,辐照时间越长,生成的氢离子越多,感生界面态密度越大;温度对界面态的影响与界面态建立的时间有关,低温辐照时,界面态建立的时间要加长 关键词： 辐照效应 阈值电压漂移 低剂量率 低温 界面态     

铁系矿物对煤灰相变过程的内在影响规律研究

为深入研究煤燃烧与煤气化过程中煤中矿物的熔融变化行为对煤灰物理相变变化过程的内在影响规律,本文采用高温热显微镜、SEM-EDX等分析测试手段,实验研究了不同条件(煤燃烧与煤气化)下煤中矿物演变规律与煤灰物理相变变化行为间的内在联系和影响规律。研究结果表明:高铁含量的煤灰A在气化条件下发生初始熔融温度(T_(in))及快速熔融温度(T_(max))要比其在燃烧条件下对应的温度分别低144℃和113℃,而低铁含量的煤灰B则对应气化条件下的T_(in)和T_(max)分别比燃烧条件下的对应温度低25℃和62℃;不同气氛下灰中Fe的不同价态是导致这种差别的主要原因,高温下煤灰相变发生、发展过程中,灰中方铁石、铁铝榴石以及铁做榄石等铁系矿物是引发煤灰发生初始熔融的主要矿物。     

热处理对爆轰合成的纳米TiO_2混晶的结构相变的影响

采用爆轰法制备了纳米TiO2混晶体,初步研究了不同煅烧温度(600℃和720℃)和不同煅烧时间(1 h,2 h,3.5 h和5 h)对其微结构和结构相变行为的影响,并应用热动力学理论讨论了从锐钛矿相到金红石相的结构相变过程和相变机理.研究表明:随着煅烧温度的升高和煅烧时间的增加,纳米TiO2的粒径逐渐增大,混晶中金红石相的含量逐渐提高.与常规方法制备的纳米TiO2不同的是,在相同煅烧温度和煅烧时间下金红石相的平均生长速率明显低于锐钛矿相.锐钛矿相完全相变为金红石的温度也明显低于常规方法报道的相变温度.该研究会对控制纳米TiO2晶体尺寸和批量合成提供一定的理论和实验指导.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.