短腔自屏蔽核磁共振成像超导磁体的设计

本文提出了一种短腔自屏蔽核磁共振成像(MRI)超导磁体的设计方法.先将矩形截面螺线管线圈简化成截面为一个点的电流环,得到一个线性规划模型,采用线性规划的方法得到合适的线圈位置和电流大小,然后再利用遗传算法对线圈的截面形状进行优化,得到合适的线圈截面尺寸.线性规划的引入,减少了优化变量,降低了优化规模,结合遗传算法,使得短腔自屏蔽MRI超导磁体设计变得简单易行.文章最后给出了一个设计算例.     

CCT型超导组合磁体样机结构设计

基于斜螺线管型(Canted-Cosine-Theta,简称CCT)线圈结构,研制了一台四极与六极组合的超导磁体样机,它的四极和六极梯度场分别为22 T/m和120 T/m²。该组合型磁体的好场区范围为Φ0.16 m×1.3 m,有效长度为1.3 m。其中四极与六极磁体均采用两层骨架结构,每层骨架的线槽内并排放置多层多根超导线。本文根据导体轨迹,以约束电磁力为结构设计目标,设计了磁体关键部件线圈支撑骨架和磁体内外支撑结构,并介绍了磁体制造过程中的关键环节。     

The Conceptual Design of a 20 Tesla Pulsed Solenoid for a Laser Solenoid Fusion Reactor

Design considerations are described for a strip wound solenoid which is pulsed to 20 tesla while immersed in a 20 tesla bias field so as to achieve within the bore of the pulsed solenoid a net field sequence starting at 20 tesla and going first down to zero, then up to 40 tesla, and finally back to 20 tesla in a period of about 5 × 10-3 seconds. The important parameters of the solenoid, e. g. aperture, build, turns, stored and dissipated energy, field intensity and powering circuit, are given. A numerical example for a specific design is presented. Mechanical stresses in the solenoid and the subsequent choice of materials for coil construction are discussed. Although several possible design difficulties are not discussed in this preliminary report of a conceptual magnet design, such as uniformity of field, long-term stability of insulation under neutron bombardment and choice of structural materials of appropriate tensile strength and elasticity to withstand magnetic forces developed, these questions are addressed in detail in the complete design report and in part in reference one. Furthermore, the authors feel that the problems encountered in this conceptual design are surmountable and are not a hindrance to the construction of such a magnet system.     

Design and development of a superconducting magnet system for study of magnetoresistance in the temperature range 1.5–300 K

The design and fabrication of an all-metal cryostat, superconducting magnet and variable temperature sample holder insert for the measurement of magnetoresistance at temperatures in the range 1.5–300 K are described. A field of 50 kilogauss has been achieved at the centre of a one-inch bore superconducting solenoid and has a uniformity of 0.2% over an axial distance of 20 mm around the centre of the solenoid. Also, the design and construction of vapour cooled current leads for the magnet are discussed.     

复合磁场引导的小型化二极管初步设计

设计了一种非浸没式小型化轴向无箔二极管,其阴极发射区位于螺线管中心孔以外,采用螺线管、永磁体和软磁体构成的复合引导磁场系统。采用CST优化设计二极管结构,使其满足800 kV电压下绝缘要求; 优化设计磁场系统结构及物理参数,使其满足引导强流相对论电子束高效率传输的要求。采用粒子模拟(PIC)软件仿真电子束产生及传输过程,验证其高传输效率。设计的阳极筒直径比原结构缩小约40%,在产生同样均匀区轴向磁场强度情况下,引导磁场重量和功耗比原结构降低约40%,仿真结果显示主引导磁场0.85 T下,8 kA电流能够实现100%传输效率。     

5T有源屏蔽式超导磁体结构设计

介绍了为兰州Penning离子阱项目专门设计的5T有源屏蔽式超导磁体。 为达到物理设计要求的场均匀度, 超导磁体有3层共计6个线包组成。 同时为了确保线圈绕制的定位精度和在强磁场下的稳定性, 绕制骨架采用三筒体结构, 模拟计算表明线圈的绝缘和固定结构能够达到强磁场下的电气和机械性能要求。 对5T有源屏蔽式超导磁体结构设计材料选择以及线圈的绕制工艺进行了详细的论述。 A 5T actively shielded superconducting magnet was designed for Lanzhou Penning Trap project. In order to achieve homogeneity of physical requirements, superconducting magnet was made up of six coils, which were wound on framework of three layers. Meanwhile, three framework structure can ensure the precision of coil winding and the mechanical stability under intense magnetic field. The results of simulation show that the insulation and fixed structure of the coil can satisfy the electrical and mechanical requirements under intense magnetic field. At last, properties of the used materials and coil fabrication have been presented.     

内/外部励磁方式下高温超导环的俘获场特性

高温超导磁体在闭环运行时,可以提供稳定磁场,但是由于高温超导带材无法实现无阻焊接,成为高温超导磁体闭环运行的技术瓶颈.本文利用第二代高温超导带材制备闭环超导环,采用内部励磁和外部励磁对超导环进行励磁,在液氮温度中(77 K)测量超导环的中心俘获磁场.结果表明超导环在内部励磁俘获的磁场值比外部励磁俘获的磁场值高;外部励磁中,超导环中插入铁芯柱能提高俘获场;内部励磁中,超导环在螺线管闭环运行俘获的磁场值比开环运行俘获的磁场值高.结果对于高温超导闭环磁体励磁和高温超导带材磁通动力学研究具有很重要参考价值.     

核磁共振高信噪比弱信号检测的理论与实验研究

基于小型射频线圈的核磁共振检测探头在波谱分析和成像研究中具有广泛的应用,如化学位移波谱分析、磁共振成像和勘探测井等技术领域。但是,由于外加静磁场作用下,自旋体系发生塞曼能级分裂后,高低能态之间的核自旋数量之差很小,普遍存在检测信噪比很低的问题,而且初级磁共振接收信号的质量受所用探头线圈电气参数的影响较大。研究结果表明,在特定的被测样品和接收线圈占空比以及静磁场等条件不变的情况下,检测信噪比与单位电流产生的射频磁场成正比,而与线圈高频电阻的平方根成反比。在永磁0.39Tesla主磁场条件下,研究了趋肤效应影响下小型螺线管线圈几何参数的优化设计方法。理论仿真和实际的测量结果表明,几何参数为线径0.5 mm、直径5.5 mm的10匝微螺线管线圈,在16.9 MHz谐振频率上,相对信噪比取得一个极大值点,对应的Q值约为199.8,与阻抗分析仪测得结果有较好的吻合,验证了该核磁共振检测线圈设计新方法是合理的。本文提出的基于线圈电磁特性的高信噪比检测探头设计方法,可推广到目前的质子密度成像、岩心弛豫谱分析等应用中。     

轴对称磁透镜设计

以中国科学院近代物理研究所正在研制的轴对称磁透镜为例,设计了两种结构的轴对称磁透镜:带屏蔽铁壳的螺线管透镜和极靴形状为锥形的Glaser透镜。带屏蔽铁壳的螺线管透镜产生的轴对称磁场比较均匀,而极靴形状为锥形的Glaser透镜产生的轴对称磁场比较集中。分别采用了两种物理模型计算磁场,同时应用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行数值模拟,最后从物理和工程角度对这两种透镜作了全面比较,得出带屏蔽铁壳的螺线管透镜结构更符合设计要求。     

Evolution of magnetically rotating arc into large area arc plasma

An arc channel tends to shrink due to its conductivity increasing with the increase of temperature.In this study,to generate large area arc plasma,we construct a magnetically rotating arc plasma generator,which mainly consists of a lanthanide tungsten cathode(13 mm in diameter),a concentric cylindrical graphite anode chamber(60 mm in diameter)and a solenoid coil for producing an axial magnet field.By controlling the cold gas flow,the magnetically rotating arc evolves from constricted mode to diffuse mode,which almost fills the whole arc chamber cross section.Results show that the diffuse arc plasma has better uniformity and stability.The formation mechanism of large area arc plasma is discussed in this paper.     

超导离子源铌三锡六极线圈镜像磁场约束结构的优化设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所正在进行国际首台45 GHz全铌三锡超导离子源FECR(Fourth Electron Cyclotron Resonance)磁体的研制，该离子源磁体线圈由六个铌三锡超导六极线圈和四个铌三锡超导螺线管线圈组成。由于单根超导线绕制异形六极线圈(非标准鞍型)技术难度大，且铌三锡超导性能对应力敏感，为了测试单个铌三锡六极线圈性能能否达到设计指标，基于铝合金壳层结构和Bladder-Key精确预紧技术，设计了镜像磁场约束结构。本工作主要阐述了运用ANSYS参数化设计编程对镜像磁场结构进行优化设计的过程和优化后的镜像磁场结构，确定了室温预应力大小，并给出了线圈经过室温预紧、冷却降温和加电励磁后的最大等效应力。进一步结合实际六极线圈制作公差(±0.1 mm)，分析和评估了公差对镜像磁场结构中六极线圈预应力施加的影响。     

中国科学院近代物理研究所磁体工程进展概述(英文)

本文着重论述了中国科学院近代物理研究所目前正在研制的三大磁体工程,它们包括重离子治癌工程(HIMM),强流重离子加速器(HIAF)工程,以及加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)。在HIMM工程中的常规磁体建设中,着重介绍了联合运用钝化槽与活极头两项技术改善磁场品质的设计方法,并且运用Opera-3D设计软件,对该类高场常规磁体进行了数值分析,进一步地测量了该磁体磁场分布情况,相关的测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好。而对于正在处于预研阶段的HIAF工程中的快脉冲超导二极磁体,讨论了超导磁体的前期设计与结构优化技术,包括CACC超导线缆的结构设计,80 K冷屏与线圈盒结构的优化,力-磁耦合结构计算方法等。而在嬗变核废料处理的C-ADS注入器II中,核心部件是具有高磁场(高达7～8 T)的多层复合超导螺线管磁体结构,介绍了其在励磁和失超过程中相关磁学和力学多场实验测试工作。这些相关的设计和测量技术将为中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研制的磁体工程的物理和结构设计提供方法和指导。     

短腔、自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的混合优化设计方法

本文提出一种用于短腔、自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的混合优化设计方法,通过结合线性规划和非线性优化算法,设计出的磁体系统具有建造成本低、结构简单、以及线圈中最高磁场、电流安全裕度和电磁应力可控等优点.首先,通过线性规划算法在欲布置线圈空间范围内建立二维连续网格划分,搜索满足磁场约束条件的网格电流分布图;其次,将电流分布图中的非零电流簇离散成螺线管线圈,通过非线性优化算法计算出满足成像区域磁场均匀度要求、5 Gs杂散场限制、线圈中最高磁场限制、电流安全裕度以及线圈间尺寸间隔等约束条件的线圈结构参数.文中给出一个中心磁场为1.5T自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的设计案例,在50 cm球形成像区域所产生的磁场峰峰值不均匀度为10 ppm,线圈最大长度为1.32 m.该设计方法可用于对称、非对称螺线管线圈系统以及开放式双平面线圈系统的磁共振成像磁体系统设计.     

Over voltage in the multi-sectioned superconducting solenoid during quenching

Accurate analysis of over voltage in the superconducting solenoid during a quench is one of the basis for quench protection system design. Classical quench simulation methods can only give rough estimation of the over voltage within a magnet coil. In this paper, for multi-sectioned superconducting solenoid, based on the classical assumption of ellipsoidal normal zone, three-dimension temperature results are mapped to one-dimension along the wire, the temperature distribution along the wire and the resistances of each turn are obtained. The coil is treated as circuit comprised of turn resistances, turn self and mutual inductances. The turn resistive voltage, turn inductive voltage, and turn resultant voltage along the wire are calculated. As a result, the maximum internal voltages, the layer-to-layer voltages and the turn-to-turn voltages are better estimated. Utilizing this method, the over voltage in a small solenoid and a large solenoid during quenching have been studied. The result shows that this method can well improve the over voltage estimate, especially when the coil is larger.     

一种用于开放式MRI的射频发射线圈设计

介绍了一种用于开放式MRI系统的射频发射线圈. 此发射线圈为上下2个相同的线圈,分别安装在磁体的2极,两线圈采用非对称的正交方式放置. 线圈为矩形螺线管结构,通过电磁场数值计算的方法对线圈的匝间距进行了优化,使线圈在300 mm的球形区域内达到偏差不超过3 dB的均匀性要求. 根据优化结果制作了一套用于0.23 T开放式MRI系统的发射线圈,并对线圈的均匀性及射频发射的效率进行了测试. 测试结果表明,线圈具有较高的发射效率和较好的均匀性,由此验证了设计方案的可行性.     

BES低温系统的预设计

对中科院高能所第三代北京谱仪 (BES )螺线管磁铁低温系统的预设计进行了介绍 ,包括项目简价、BES 螺线管磁铁的基本数据、磁铁低温系统的流程组织、系统热载荷、工作模式及各关键部件的预设计结果等。     

Optimizing magnetization orientation of permanent magnets for maximal gradient force

The force exercised on a permanent magnet (PM) in a nonuniform field (gradient force) is dependent on the magnetization orientation of the magnet. In this paper, it is shown theoretically that the gradient force is greatest when the magnetization through the magnet, or at least at its surface, is collinear with the external field. The formulae for calculating the force between an axis-symmetric optimal magnet and a coaxial axis-symmetric coil are presented. Using the finite element method (FEM), calculations of the magnetic field distribution of an optimal cylindrical magnet and some its approximations are performed. The forces between these magnets and a pancake coil are computed and compared. For a system consisting of a magnet with a height of 1 unit and a diameter of 2 units and magnetization invariant in field and an annular pancake coil with a diameter of 2.4 units, a thickness of 0.2 units, an inner diameter of 0.4 units and a distance from the magnet of 0.2 units, the force on the optimal magnet was 1.44 times greater than the force on an axially magnetized magnet of the same size and magnetization magnitude. The optimal magnetization may be approximated by magnetization inclined at a constant angle to the axis and by a combination of axially and radially magnetized sections. With magnetization at a constant angle to the axis in the axis plane, the force was greatest when the angle was about 45°, being 1.38-fold compared to the force on an axially magnetized magnet. When the magnet was composed of an axially magnetized cylindrical core and a radially magnetized outer ring, the force was greatest when the volume of the core was approximately equal to the volume of the ring, being 1.26-fold compared to the force on an axially magnetized magnet. The optimal magnet and its approximations also provided a reduced stray field. A short review of methods of the fabrication of permanent magnets (PMs) with a continuous variation of the magnetization orientation and with radial magnetization orientation is given.The results of this study can be used to design linear electromagnetic (micro)actuators.     

磁瓶飞行时间谱仪用复合磁场系统设计

根据磁瓶飞行时间谱仪磁场系统的基本要求,设计了一套符合其使用的复合磁场系统.最高强度达1.2T的强非均匀磁场部分由永久磁铁和结构经过优化的截圆锥状磁极靴所产生.永久磁铁为N52系列NdFeB,磁极靴材料为高磁导率珀明德合金.强度为1.0×10-3 T的弱均匀引导磁场由半径为3 cm、长度为3m螺线管提供.磁极靴与螺线管...     

高超声速飞行器磁控热防护系统建模分析

针对高超声速飞行器防热, 搭建了螺线管磁控热防护系统的物理模型. 采用低磁雷诺数磁流体数学模型, 分析了外加磁场强度及磁场形态对磁控热防护效果的影响. 对比了三种磁场类型(磁偶极子、螺线管、均布磁场)下磁控热防护效果的差异, 分析了螺线管几何参数对磁控热防护效果的影响. 研究表明, 磁场降低表面热流作用存在“饱和现象”; 三种磁场形态的磁控热防护能力从小到大依次为磁偶极子、螺线管、均布磁场; 相同驻点磁感应强度条件下, 增大螺线管半径有利于提高磁控热防护效果, 缩短螺线管与驻点距离不利于驻点和肩部防热, 螺线管长度对磁控热防护效果影响相对较小.     

核磁共振成像用的球形磁体和环形磁体性能比较

本文对核磁共振成像用的球形空心线圈磁体和环形空心线圈磁体的性能进行计算机模拟比较证明环形磁体在很多方面可以与球形磁体相比拟。由于环形磁体加工容易,调节方便,因而可以取代球形磁体作成像仪器的主要部件。