大变形下基于数字图像相关的改进分段位移传递法

将数字图像相关方法用于物体表面发生大变形时的图像匹配时,经常因变形区域非线性变形和变形过大而遇到问题。借鉴已有的分段测量思想,提出了一种改进的位移测量方法。该方法根据图像间的相关程度将图像序列中的某一阶段图像重新选取为参考图像,然后将先前匹配得到的该图像上的亚像素子区中心圆整成整像素整坐标,从而可以直利用数字图像灰度分布作为该参考子区的灰度分布进行数字图像相关计算。对像素圆整过程中损失的精度,利用连续介质的变形连续性概念进行精度补偿。另外提出用生长法获取初始匹配点,提高了匹配点对生成效率,并且根据由生长法获取的待匹配点集与由相关计算得到的最优匹配点集之间的比率实现参考图像的自动选取。实验对比和精度分析显示所提方法有效、可靠,匹配精度在0.01 pixel量级。     

基于HALCON的板料成形网格应变测量系统的实现

随着计算机技术和信息技术的发展,视觉检测技术被引入到板料成形应变测量中。通过基于先进的图像处理软件HALCON,利用双目立体视觉原理,对摄像机进行标定,以获取摄像机的内外参数,并分析图像数量对标定准确度的影响。利用视差原理获得匹配点的三维坐标,根据圆形网格变形后的椭圆长短轴的长度变化,计算真实应变,并分析匹配误差对三维重建的影响,用OpenGL语言将应变可视化;在VC6.0下调用HALCON的算子库编程实现板料成形网格应变测量系统,实验证明该系统在速度、准确度方面能够达到测量要求。     

基于数字散斑相关法的双金属复层板应变光学检测问题研究

双金属复层板具有优良的综合性能,广泛应用于航空、航天、汽车等领域。在制造过程中其成形性能发生了较大变化,传统单一金属的研究方法大多不能适应新材料发展的需要,严重阻碍了双金属复层材料产业化的进程。提出采用数字散斑相关方法应用于双金属复层材料结构及现场工程变形测量;分析了国内外研究现状及存在的科学问题,揭示了严格数字散斑相关方法理论应用在复层材料的应变光学检测和成形性能的机理和研究内容,该方案预计获得的4个应变数值相互对比验证,能互相提高应变精度达5%,并达到再现材料应变历史及动态跟踪、提高全场应变精度检测、优化材料配置比例及完善成形性能的目的。     

微尺度三维变形测量的显微数字图像相关系统

基于体式显微镜和数字图像相关法,提出并实现了一种用于对微小尺度材料进行全场三维变形测量的显微数字图像相关系统。针对体式显微镜标定,提出一种高精度的基于B样条曲面重构的成像系统畸变模型,该模型通过采集自主设计的高精度平面标定板图像,来构建无畸变图像平面和标定板平面之间关系,并以此确定空间B样条曲面形式。利用一种高效的对称亚像素细分法来实现数字图像的高精度匹配,并介绍了所提系统进行三维测量和分析的过程。实验结果表明,标定结果的平均重投影误差为0.03pixel,位移测量精度优于0.2μm,应变测量误差的标准差不超过100με。同时,实验结果也证实了该系统可以准确、全面地实现对微小尺寸材料表面的全场三维变形测量。     

高应变率变形图像去模糊及数字图像相关测量

针对材料高应变率动态变形中的高速运动模糊图像,提出了一种基于加载分析的点扩散函数去模糊方法,通过对模糊像素进行卷积,有效地去除了试件高速变形过程中所产生的运动模糊。通过霍普金森杆加载实验验证了该方法的有效性,与原始模糊图像的对比表明,该方法可有效地恢复运动模糊图像,从而提高数字图像相关测量的准确性和稳定性。     

热应力对非制冷红外焦平面微桥的影响及控制研究

非制冷红外焦平面阵列的微桥结构在微加工工艺中,由于温度的剧烈变化,在薄膜中产生热应力而引起微桥的变形,将对器件产生不利影响.利用有限元分析方法,对微桥在热应力作用下产生的变形进行了分析,提出了两种控制热应变的途径:1)选择一种低热膨胀系数、低杨氏模量的电极材料;2)在电极材料的表面沉积一层SiNx薄膜.仿真结果表明,两...     

二维多相机全场数字图像相关变形测量方法

从理论上推导了数字图像相关(DIC)方法中应变精度的影响因素,指出应变计算精度会随着窗口尺寸的变小而下降。为了提高图像有效分辨率,针对细长平面试件提出了一种二维多相机全场DIC方法。该方法根据特征点检测及匹配算法定位特征点对的亚像素位置,通过DIC方法对特征点对进行高精度配准,利用发展的逐步优化单应矩阵方法求解图像变换关系,得到变形前后的无缝拼接图像。分别实施了纯平移和橡胶梁三点弯两组实验。在纯平移实验中,该方法计算得到的应变均值误差及均方根误差均在50με以内,验证了该方法的有效性;采用橡胶梁三点弯实验对比该方法与三维多相机全场DIC方法,并基于实验结果对该方法的优点与缺点进行了分析。     

一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法

分析了传统归一化互相关算法在红外空中目标匹配定位时失效的原因,提出一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法.该方法将模板和匹配区域之间的纹理相关计算看作一个最优化问题,寻求使图像纹理相关匹配鲁棒性最好的相关基准值,用图像的相关基准函数替代传统方法中的区域均值部分,构造了一种适用于的红外目标匹配的归一化相关算法.实验结果表明,该相关匹配算法对模板中背景部分的变化和非均匀性亮度变化有良好的抗干扰能力,较好地解决了恶劣环境下红外对空目标跟踪中匹配定位出错的问题.     

基于SURF特征匹配的数字图像相关变形初值可靠估计EI北大核心CSCD

鉴于Newton-Raphson(N-R)迭代法的数字图像相关方法(DIC)对初值敏感等问题,提出了一种使用SURF(speeded up robust features)特征匹配的数字图像相关方法。SURF算法能匹配出变形前后图像的特征点对,并获得点对的坐标值,使用与匹配点对所在的子区相对应的仿射变换来初始估计子区的变形参数,获得兴趣点的估计值。根据估算的初值进行迭代优化,得到使归一化最小平方距离相关函数(ZNSSD)最小化的兴趣点位移值。实验中,分别用该法及传统的基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的初值估计方法对鲤鱼鳞片拉伸变形图样进行处理,结果表明所提的初值估计方法更加精确有效,并能够使后续的N-R迭代优化快速收敛。     

基于特征点自动匹配的图像拼接方法

提出了一种基于特征点自动匹配的图像拼接算法,采用改进的Harris算子提取特征点,保证了提取的效率和精度,根据互相关的双向匹配实现对应特征点的自动匹配,从而建立参考图像与当前图像的对应点对,最后采用最小二乘方法得到图像间的全局变换参数,实现图像的拼接。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.