W型火焰燃烧的实验研究

本文设计了1 MW“W型”火焰煤粉燃烧实验台,并对焦作无烟煤进行了热态试验,分析了炉膛最高温度(火焰中心)的位置对W火焰的稳定形成的重要性,通过实验测得了其合理的相关位置。实验结果表明: W型火焰燃烧有很强的低负荷稳燃性,特别适合于低挥发份煤的燃烧。当火焰中心位置处于最下层二次风处时,炉内才能形成较好的W火焰;下炉膛中前后墙的壁面热负荷较为均匀,而左右墙的壁面热负荷分布呈“中间温度高两边温度低”的特性;上炉膛左右墙与前后墙的壁面温度分布基本一致。     

湍流煤粉火焰中多相燃烧的跨尺度模拟方法及应用

通过"湍流涡团尺度"与"边界层反应尺度"的关联,建立了湍流煤粉火焰中多相燃烧的跨尺度模拟方法。该方法能够预报湍流脉动宏观规律对静止颗粒边界层内气相反应(如挥发分火焰、CO火焰)的影响。将该方法用于煤粉旋流燃烧数值模拟中,结果显示:与完全忽略边界层气相反应的单膜模型相比,跨尺度模拟的预报结果与Lockwood实验数据有更好的符合。     

具有火焰稳定船的直流煤粉燃烧器内三维湍流流场的实验研究

一、引言 具有火焰稳定船的直流煤粉燃烧器是一种新型的高效低污染燃烧器,已成功地应用于电站煤粉锅炉上。实践表明,它不仅能降低锅炉的启动点火用油,使煤粉锅炉在低负荷下稳定燃烧,而且能减少NO_x的排放量。以往对该燃烧器的研究主要着重于工业应用,还未对其内部湍流流场进行全面地实验研究。     

F风下倾对W型炉内燃烧及NOx排放的影响

本文通过数值模拟和在实际锅炉上的试验,研究了310 MW Foster Wheeler技术w型火焰锅炉F层二次风下倾15°对炉内燃烧过程的影响.通过对模拟和试验的分析表明,F层二次风下倾后对炉内燃烧的影响主要表现在火焰行程延长,煤粉停留时间增加,还原区扩大,一次风与二次风的混合推迟等方面.试验和模拟结果都表明,F层二次风下倾后锅炉的火焰中心下降,飞灰含碳量降低,锅炉效率提高且NOx排放明显减少.     

高温空气煤粉直燃技术的数值模拟

本文通过数值计算的方法,对高温空气煤粉直燃燃烧器的多种运行工况进行了数值试验研究,分析了煤粉气流入口速度、煤粉浓度和高温空气速度等主要因素对煤粉气流着火的影响,模拟结果还可以反映出高温空气无油点火燃烧器内的流动、燃烧和传热情况。与试验数据的对比分析表明,数值模拟结果与试验数据趋势一致。研究结果对此燃烧器的结构及运行参数的优化提供了指导。     

四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内空气动力场的数值研究

1前言四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉是目前应用较为广泛的一种炉型，在实际运行中有一些较为突出的优点。为深入研究煤粉在炉内的燃烧特性，炉内空气动力场的研究至关重要，本文数值模拟了四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内冷、热态情况下的流场，对其时均、湍流特性进行了分析，对气流的分布特性进行了研究．2研究对象本文的研究对象是锦州电厂二期工程的HG－670／14ty9型煤粉锅炉，燃烧器为多层四角切向布置，每角有4个一次风喷口，6个二次风喷口，1个三次风喷口。锅炉各部分尺寸及燃烧器的布置见图1、图2。热态流场的模拟对象是实际锅炉。模拟工况基本按…     

人工神经网络用于燃烧火焰状态识别的研究

1引言燃烧过程是一个强非线性动力学系统，其稳定性是直接通过燃烧火焰状态的变化反映。燃烧状态变化受到燃料、配风等诸多因素制约，具有很强的模糊及随机特性［‘－‘］。实际生产中，大型电站锅炉的燃烧稳定性直接影响到整个电力工业的经济性和安全性，目前以此为背景的锅炉火焰监视系统所能完成的功能距实时性、智能化的要求相差甚远。本文针对CmHn和煤粉火焰进行了多因素变工况试验研究，在此基础上，从可视化角度，提出基于人工神经网络（AN用理论的火焰状态识别模型。ANN是目前最突出的智能化理论，它可以很好的模拟非线性系统的…     

煤粉射流火焰的DNS研究

本文用直接数值模拟(DNS)的方法对煤粉气固两相射流燃烧进行了研究。文章介绍了DNS的数值计算方法,包括气相、颗粒相的控制方程以及煤粉燃烧模型。分析了煤粉射流燃烧火焰的结构形态,发现火焰区域中存在三种火焰形态,通过火焰特性的统计研究,发现虽然火焰形态不同,但是其燃烧特性相似,非预混火焰占主导地位。分析火焰释热量,发现上游处单颗粒燃烧释热量较小,条带状释热量占24%,对下游稳定火焰的形成至关重要。     

燃煤锅炉燃烧过程与NOx排放的模型与数值计算

本文以一台前墙布置有24只旋流燃烧器的350 MW燃煤电站锅炉为研究对象,对锅炉在100%、95%、85%、70%和50%额定负荷下的流动、燃烧和NOx排放进行了全炉膛数值模拟。模拟结果与锅炉运行和实测数据进行了全面比较并发现,除50%负荷外,其余工况两者符合情况良好。文中提出并采用了NOx模拟中相关的模型参数;对炉内空气量、炉温与NOx生成关系的计算结果表明, NOx的最终排放对温度的敏感性更强。     

花瓣燃烧器低负荷运行理论与应用的研究

本文应用贴体坐标结构化网格对复杂曲面的花瓣燃烧器进行了三维(360°)煤粉燃烧的数值模拟.给出了在75%BMCR和55%BMCR工况下花瓣燃烧器的流场和浓度场,重点分析了花瓣燃烧器的稳燃原理和特性.计算结果表明,在花瓣稳燃器的作用下,煤粉气流进入炉内能立即在瓣后的径向回流区内着火燃烧,并在此区域形成稳定的"值班火焰",为整个风粉气流的着火燃烧提供稳定的热量来源.有利于低挥发分煤在广泛负荷范围内的稳定着火和完全燃烧.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.