Mel频率倒谱系数平滑的耳机均衡

适当均衡耳机到鼓膜的传递函数可有效提高耳机声重放效果。耳廓与耳道滤波效应引起的幅度峰谷有助于人耳听觉感知,以平直幅频响应为目标的幅度均衡无法保持适当的峰谷。该文提出了基于roex滤波器与Mel频率倒谱系数的耳机到鼓膜的传递函数平滑方法,用于模拟人耳听觉感知特性和平滑耳机到鼓膜的传递函数,使均衡后的幅频响应保持相应的峰谷,避免了幅度峰谷过渡均衡。实验结果表明,进行耳机到鼓膜的传递函数平滑的幅度均衡对提高耳机的音色有显著作用,基于Mel频率倒谱系数平滑的幅度均衡对提高耳机的音色最为显著。     

耳道入口处声压分布模态作为听觉方向感知隐性线索的实验分析

通过分析双耳录音与真实听音之间的差别,推断存在影响听觉方向感知的隐性线索,而由头部及外耳结构引起的耳道入口处截面声压分布模态可能是其中一种。首先,通过听音实验利用反证法证明听觉方向感知隐性线索确实存在,并归纳总结出隐性线索的有效作用频段;然后,利用有限元仿真方法计算耳道入口处的声压分布,仿真结果表明耳道入口处声压分布是不均匀的,且分布模态与声源方向有关,从数值仿真的角度验证了耳道入口处截面的声压分布模态携带了声源方向信息,可以作为一种隐性定位线索;仿真计算所得前、后声源方向耳道入口处声压分布模态差异显著的频段与听音实验所得的隐性线索有效频段基本相符,在一定程度上支持耳道入口处声压分布模态是一种方向感知隐性线索的推测。      

相位均衡对耳机重放影响研究*

均衡耳机到鼓膜的传递函数可有效提高耳机声重放效果。通过主客观实验对比研究幅度均衡方法、相位均衡方法和幅度相位同时均衡方法,结果表明相比于幅度均衡,相位均衡对耳机瞬态响应的影响更大：当系统相位为线性时,瞬态响应衰减越快,线性相位对耳机重放提升音色有显著作用;而以平直幅频响应为目标的幅度均衡对提升耳机重放效果有限。     

相位均衡对耳机重放的影响

均衡耳机到鼓膜的传递函数可有效提高耳机声重放效果。通过主客观实验对比研究幅度均衡方法、相位均衡方法和幅度相位同时均衡方法,结果表明相比于幅度均衡,相位均衡对耳机瞬态响应的影响更大:当系统相位为线性时,瞬态响应衰减越快,线性相位对耳机重放提升音色有显著作用;而以平直幅频响应为目标的幅度均衡对提升耳机重放效果有限。     

电动扬声器悬置系统蠕变效应建模

对电动扬声器悬置系统的蠕变效应进行了分数阶建模。通过将标准线性固体模型中的牛顿黏壶替换为分数阶Abel黏壶,提出了悬置系统分数阶标准线性固体力顺模型。使用Klippel扬声器单元电阻抗激光测量系统,测量了2只具有不同橡胶折环的中频扬声器单元的电阻抗和传递函数(振膜输出位移/输入声压),并采用最小二乘法拟合实测曲线,得到了模型参数。通过与已有的考虑蠕变效应的4参数对数模型和标准线性固体模型拟合结果的对比,结果表明:分数阶标准线性固体模型能够准确描述力顺损耗因数随频率的变化规律,对蠕变效应具有更好的模拟精度。      

5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放

提出了一种改进的5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放信号处理方法。在对现有的信号处理方法进行分析,指出它会产生不自然主观听觉效果后,通过理论和心理声学实验证明,采用HRTF信号处理、环绕声信号去相关等方法,在克服普通耳机声重放的“头中定位”的缺点、虚拟出多环绕扬声器效果的同时,并未带来新的不自然听觉效果。因此信号处理方法可增加听觉上的包围感,从而改善耳机重放的主观听觉效果。     

采用无耳壳头相关传输函数的虚拟声信号处理

本文提出采用无耳壳、封闭耳道的头相关传输函数（HRTF）进行虚拟声信号处理的方法。理论分析表明，在包含功率均衡的扬声器虚拟声信号处理中，采用无耳壳、封闭耳道的头相关传输函数可有效地减少信号处理函数的谷点，从而减少声重发的音色改变。心理声学的实验结果表明，新处理方法的声像定位与传统的带耳壳、耳道的HRTF处理无显著区别，但音色较后者有所改善。因而新的方法更适合实际的虚拟声信号处理应用。     

分布反馈式光纤激光水听器的声压灵敏度频率响应特性

光纤激光水听器的频率响应曲线会在声压传递函数的谐振频率处出现谐振峰,使水听器的工作频带变窄。研制了一种金属膜片端面增敏结构的分布反馈式(DFB)光纤激光水听器。基于电声类比理论,建立了DFB光纤激光水听器的声压传递函数模型,仿真分析了水听器各结构参数对水听器声压传递函数的影响,实现了水听器结构的优化设计,加工制作了水听器原型样品并进行了实验研究。由实验结果可知,DFB光纤激光水听器在2.5~10kHz频率范围内的平均声压灵敏度为-135.99dB,波动幅度小于±0.6dB,且在16kHz附近出现谐振峰,实验结果与仿真分析结果较好地吻合。该研究对DFB光纤激光水听器的研制具有重要指导意义。     

四阶声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响特性

对四阶声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响特性进行了详细的理论和实验研究.在已有的低频集中参量模型中引入了一个机械声阻,用于描述系统的机械损耗,从而得到了改进的声学等效电路.相位频响特性对于光纤水听器的阵列应用非常重要,关系到阵列的波束形成效果,进而影响系统定位、识别与跟踪目标的能力,因此在分析幅度频响特性的同时研究了相位频响特性.仿真分析了各主要参量对声压传递函数的影响,得到了一些对声低通滤波光纤水听器设计具有重要指导意义的结论.实测声压灵敏度频响曲线与仿真结果基本一致,较好地验证了理论分析的正确性.四 关键词： 光纤传感器 光纤水听器 声压灵敏度 低通滤波器     

基于时域多普勒修正的运动声全息识别方法

由于运动声源测量信号中多普勒效应的存在,一般声全息方法无法直接使用,而阵列信号波束成形处理方法无法进行定量分析.本方法建立了基于测量面、辐射面和全息面的运动学几何关系,提出了声源与测量信号之间的非线性时间映射方法,基于运动声源的声源特征函数,构造了消除多普勒效应的全息面时域声压分布.全息重建得到运动声源表面有效声压分布,实现了对主要声源处声压幅值的定量估计.实际运动声源的测量实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.