0.53 μm毫秒脉冲激光对GaAs热分解损伤特性

针对波长0.53 m的毫秒脉冲激光辐照GaAs的表面热分解损伤问题,建立了二维轴对称热传导模型,在考虑材料的热物性参数随温度变化的基础上,采用有限元法模拟了材料的瞬态温度场,得到了温度场分布特征及其随时间的变化规律,给出了材料表面发生热分解损伤阈值曲线。数值结果表明:毫秒脉冲激光对GaAs作用时,热传导影响着激光作用全过程,对应的损伤机理主要为热损伤;在激光作用下,被作用表面中心处温度最高,并且首先发生热分解损伤;随着作用激光能量密度的增加,GaAs表面发生热分解损伤的时刻不断提前。     

离子注入GaAs的脉冲激光退火

利用沟道背散射、俄歇和X射线光电子能谱技术研究了Nd:YAG和红宝石脉冲激光退火的离子注入GaAs样品的表面性质。结果表明,对于这两种激光都存在一个从无定形向单晶转化的阈值能量,在阈值能量附近,没有明显的表面分解。高能量密度可引起明显的分解和损伤。利用热流理论计算了杂质的再分布。对于两种激光都得到了Te在GaAs中较高的替位率。 关键词：     

1.06μm连续与脉冲激光对GaAs材料的联合破坏效应

 通过1.06μm连续激光和脉冲激光联合破坏GaAs材料的实验研究, 给出了GaAs材料在三种不同的连续激光功率密度辐照下, 所需脉冲激光的破坏阈值, 结果表明, 联合破坏时所需脉冲激光的破坏阈值小于单独使用脉冲激光的破坏阈值。根据轴对称二维热模型, 计算了三种情况下连续激光辐照时GaAs材料的表面温度分布曲线及表面辐照中心处温升随辐照时间的关系, 并估算了其后作用的脉冲激光对材料的温升, 对实验及计算结果进行了分析, 并着重比较了联合破坏方式和单独破坏方式的优缺点。     

1.06μm连续与脉冲激光对GaAs材料的联合破坏效应

通过1.06μm连续激光和脉冲激光联合破坏GaAs材料的实验研究, 给出了GaAs材料在三种不同的连续激光功率密度辐照下, 所需脉冲激光的破坏阈值, 结果表明, 联合破坏时所需脉冲激光的破坏阈值小于单独使用脉冲激光的破坏阈值。根据轴对称二维热模型, 计算了三种情况下连续激光辐照时GaAs材料的表面温度分布曲线及表面辐照中心处温升随辐照时间的关系, 并估算了其后作用的脉冲激光对材料的温升, 对实验及计算结果进行了分析, 并着重比较了联合破坏方式和单独破坏方式的优缺点。     

半导体材料的激光辐照效应计算和损伤阈值分析

在激光对抗中,探测器容易受到激光损伤,为此研究了连续强激光对半导体材料的损伤机理,建立了氧碘化学激光器辐照InSb圆板型靶材的二维物理模型。在圆柱坐标系中利用积分变换法,求解热传导和热弹性力学方程组。得到由激光辐照引起的温度场和热应力场的瞬态分布。经过严格的理论分析,计算出InSb材料的激光破坏阈值,讨论了,不同的辐照时间和光斑半径对破坏阈值的影响。研究发现其破坏形态为熔融破坏,一般不会出现解理或炸裂现象,这一结果与相关实验报道一致。最后分析了与温度有关的非线性参量对损伤阈值的影响。     

工程陶瓷表面抗激光损伤能力研究

实验研究了纳秒激光辐照下不同材料的工程陶瓷表面的抗激光损伤能力,并与不锈钢、铝合金等金属材料进行了对比.结果表明,不同材料的工程陶瓷表面抗激光损伤特性不同;氧化铝陶瓷的损伤阈值最高,氮化硅陶瓷的损伤阈值较低.与金属材料相比较,工程陶瓷表面损伤阈值比不锈钢和铝合金高.由于材料的熔点和热传导率等热力学特性不同,不同的陶瓷材料具有不同的损伤阈值和损伤形貌.理论分析了不同材料抗激光损伤阈值的差异;陶瓷材料的吸收系数远远小于金属材料,吸收系数通过影响能量沉积区域和有效热扩散速率影响材料温度的演化过程,最终影响着材料的激光损伤阈值和损伤特性.实验结果为高功率激光装置中对抗激光损伤能力要求较高的机械支撑材料的选择提供了指导.     

355 nm皮秒激光辐照下熔石英的损伤特性

利用光学元件激光损伤测试平台,测试了355 nm皮秒激光辐照下熔石英光学元件的初始损伤及损伤增长情况,并通过荧光检测分析了损伤区缺陷。研究结果表明:皮秒激光较高的峰值功率导致熔石英损伤阈值较低,前表面损伤阈值为3.98 J/cm2,后表面损伤阈值为2.91 J/cm2;前后表面损伤形貌存在较大差异,后表面比前表面损伤程度轻且伴随体内丝状损伤;随脉冲数的增加后表面损伤直径增长缓慢,损伤深度呈线性增长;皮秒激光的动态自聚焦和自散焦导致熔石英体内损伤存在细丝和炸裂点重复的现象;与纳秒激光损伤相比,损伤区缺陷发生明显改变。     

光学膜层缺陷分布特征对损伤行为的影响

 对多层介质反射膜与单层化学增透膜的损伤形貌、损伤过程及膜层的吸收特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：缺陷除了可以从其形态和光学特征分类外,还可以按缺陷的功能来划分,即以缺陷的损伤阈值来区分不同缺陷的抗激光损伤能力。通过对缺陷吸收率的测量,表明膜层的损伤阈值与缺陷的分布密度和热吸收具有显著的一致性。通过对损伤阈值分布曲线研究,可以有效地对缺陷进行分级判断,从而分析光学元件表面功能性缺陷的分布状况。     

三倍频熔石英激光损伤的吸收前驱体

 在三倍频熔石英激光损伤研究中,吸收前驱体的存在是造成熔石英材料表面损伤阈值远低于体损伤阈值的主要原因。以吸收作为主线,建立吸收前驱体引起的熔石英表面损伤模型,并讨论吸收前驱体与熔石英表面损伤的联系。针对金属元素微粒残留理论模拟了激光辐照过程中微粒周围温度场的变化,结果表明在脉冲时间内微粒周围温度很快到达损伤判据所给出的临界温度,通过激光损伤实验,证实吸收性微粒含量与损伤密度有密切联系。针对亚表面裂纹,建立一维模型计算受激后裂纹表面附近自由电子密度分布。计算结果和实验结果均表明：金属元素微粒和亚表面裂纹是熔石英激光损伤中重要的吸收前驱体,金属元素微粒对激光能量的吸收致使周围材料温度在脉冲时间内达到损伤判据温度2 000 K;受激后裂纹表面的自由电子密度达到1021 cm-3的水平,可导致对后续激光的强烈吸收;两种吸收前驱体极大降低了熔石英材料的表面抗损伤性能。     

光斑尺寸对连续激光辐照铝合金温度响应影响研究

为了探究不同光斑尺寸连续激光辐照6 061铝合金的温度响应及热致损伤问题,基于ANSYS有限元软件建立了激光辐照下的三维物理模型;使用不同的激光参数进行激光辐照实验,根据所采集的温度和前表面散射光强度数据,反演计算了靶材在激光辐照过程中吸收率的动态变化;最后,利用优化后的模型分析了不同光斑尺寸下,激光辐照靶材的温升特点。研究结果表明:在1 000 W/cm~2的激光辐照条件下,材料的吸收率随着温度的升高而升高;由于激光加载的局域化特征,横向热扩散影响纵向温升,光斑足够大时该影响变小,这与其热扩散长度有关;对于4 mm厚的6 061铝合金材料,当光斑尺寸大于10 cm时,光斑影响可以忽略,靶材背表面发生熔融损伤时间阈值保持2.6 s不变。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.